scholarly journals Імуногістохімічна характеристика субпопуляцій лімфоцитів селезінки голубів та курей

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 282-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. F. Dunaievska
Keyword(s):  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Cd8 Cells ◽  
Splenic Cells ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Lymphoid Nodules ◽  
Red Pulp ◽  
Conditional Unit

<p>The article is devoted to the study of immunohistochemical features of the spleen of birds based on the detection and morphometric calculation of clusters of the T- and B-lymphocytes. For the research, the selection of the spleen is performed at the stage of morphofunctional maturity in clinically healthy sexually mature birds of both sexes in the ratio 1: 1: blue pigeons (age 10-14 months), chickens of domestic breeds of Poltava clay (age 19-20 weeks). The slices of material are fixed in 10-12% chilled solution of neutral formalin, embedded in paraffin. Histological sections made on a microtome MS-2 and have a thickness not exceeding 5 micrometres.  The mouse monoclonal antibodies of the Danish firm DAKO are used to detect and study subpopulations of lymphocytes. Morphometric studies are performed under light microscopy (Microscope Biolam-Lomo and Micros MC-50). The microphotography of histological preparations was carried out with CAM V 200 video camera. It is mounted on a  microscope  Micros  MC-50. Subpopulations of lymphocytes  CD4 +, CD8 +, СD19 +, СD20 + were detected in the red and white pulp of the spleen of pigeons and chickens, they are situated singly and diffusely, more often formed chains or aggregations. The CD4 + cells in pigeons and chickens are dominated in lymphoid sheaths near the vessels, amounted the 56.63 ± 4.03 pieces per conditional unit of area and 85.71 ± 6.09 pieces per conditional unit of area respectively. The populations of CD8 + cells are also predominated in lymphoid sheaths near the vessels, but their number was smaller than the CD4+ population by 1.81 times in chickens and by 2.36 times in pigeons. In the red pulp, CD4 + cells are occupied 7.67% of the total population of the splenic cells in chickens and 5.99% in pigeons. The CD8 + cell in the red pulp are less concentrated: 2,8% and 4,45% respectively. The index of immunoregulation of the spleen of chickens was 1.85, and the pigeons – 2.0. B-lymphocytes (cluster CD19 +, CD20 +) are concentrated in the B-dependent zone of the spleen – the lymphoid nodules. Most of the CD20 + cells are in lymphoid nodules of chickens (77.27%), in pigeons this indicator is 61.66%. Cells of CD19 + in lymphoid nodes are occupied approximately the same relative square of pigeons and chickens from their total amount in the pulp –  74.14% and 76.60%. The total number of T-lymphocytes (the population of CD4 +, CD8 +) are prevailed almost by two times in chickens, B-lymphocytes (populations CD19 +, CD20 +) in pigeons – by 1,6 times. In the spleen of pigeons and chickens are developed both humoral and cellular immune protection.</p>

scholarly journals МОРФОЛОГІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СЕЛЕЗІНКИ ТЕПЛОКРОВНИХ ТВАРИН

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-406
Author(s):  
O. F. Dunaievska
Keyword(s):  
Relative Weight ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Relative Area ◽  
Contractile Apparatus ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Lymphoid Nodules ◽  
Red Pulp

<p> </p><p>The spleen is an important multifunctional organ, one of parts of the peripheral immune system and hematopoiesis. It is sensitive to biotic, abiotic, and environmental factors. Determination of morphological features and morphometric parameters are important for the development of organ test-systems. The major indicators are the relative weight of the spleen and its main structural components. These criteria could be used in the therapy, prevention, pathology, the study of influence of factors of different origins, for received from farm animals environmentally friendly and safe products. Our research was carried out by light microscopy with the production of permanent histological preparations. The formalin and Сarnoy liquid were used as fixatives. Paraffin sections were stained with hematoxylin, eosin, and azure by methods of Van Gieson and Brachet. Spleen has the same structure and principle consists of a support-contractile apparatus and pulp in birds and mammals. Each animal species had its own characteristic of morphological features. The relative weight of spleen was the greatest in horses (0.48±0,01 %) and the lowest was in pigeons (0.02±0.01 %). Support-contractile apparatus was better developed in horses (13.64±1.13 %) and sheep (12.08±0.42 %), and the lesser in chickens (3.02±0.95 %) and rabbits (5.87±0.69 %). The proportion of trabecular system prevailed on the proportion of capsules in all studied animals, except rabbits. The birds had no radial trabeculae, in rabbits they are insignificant. The number of capsular trabecular are lesser than the pulps in horses, pigs, and sheep. Large pulps` trabeculae are united together, forming trabecular tree, while parenchyma is formed by the white and red pulp. The main structural components of the white pulp are the lymphoid nodules and lymphoid sheath near the vessels. The lymphoid nodules have zonal structure in mammals, whereas they are absent in birds. The relative area of lymphoid nodules in animals dominates under the area of lymphoid sheaths near the vessels; this difference was more than twice in horses (5.01±0.63 and 2.41±0.17 %), rabbits (11.95±2.67 and 5.73±1.40 %). In all the studied mammals the light center had the largest relative area in rabbits (2.08±0.49 %), and the lowest was registered in horses (0.98±0.11 %). The marginal zone occupies the largest relative area in sheep (6.52±0.98 %), the least – in horses (2.02±0.12 %). The mantle zone and zone near the vessels were better developed in rabbits (3.36±0.76 and 2.41±0.84 %); the red pulp was better developed in chickens (78.30±1.98 %), pigs (78.87±2.36 %) and horses (78.94±4.39 %), while sheep had the lesser developed red pulp (69.99±1.0 %).</p>

scholarly journals Comparative morphology of the spleen of birds of the families phasianidae and columbidae

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 164-170
Author(s):  
L. Horalskyi ◽  
◽  
N. Kolesnik ◽  
I. Sokulskyi ◽  
I. Horalska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Morphometric Features ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Lymphoid Nodules ◽  
Red Pulp

Morphological study of the phylogenetic direction allows to determine the ecological conditionality in the nature of the development of related forms and deepens their characteristics. The work aimed to study the spleen of birds of the Phasianidae family (chicken, quail) and Columbidae (pigeon). The histological preparations were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Their morphometry was performed for establishing the features of the morphological structure of the organ. The microscopic structure of the spleen in birds of the pheasant and pigeon classes was characterized by the presence of the same components: stroma and parenchyma. The musculoskeletal system consisted of trabeculae and capsules. The pulp was divided into white and red. However, each species of bird had its own histological and morphometric features. The pulpal trabeculae were found only in chickens. The capsular trabeculae were also present in quails and pigeons. A characteristic feature of the pigeon's spleen is the association of the connecting trabeculae with the vascular ones, in which a large number of vessels were located. The lymphoid tissue of the spleen of birds was predominantly structured. However, in the pigeon's spleen, there was also unformed lymphoid tissue of varying size of various shapes. The white pulp of birds consisted of lymphoid nodules and periarterial lymphoid sheaths. Additionally, ellipsoids were found in the white pulp of the hens' spleen, and they were almost non-existent in pigeons. In pigeons, lymphoid nodules were mainly located in the subcapsular zone of the spleen and often formed conglomerated structures by merging 3–6 nodules. The musculoskeletal system is best developed in pigeons (9 %). The relative area of white pulp is the largest in chickens (18.6 %), red pulp – in quail (82 %).In this work, we have taken the first step in elucidating the features of the morphology of the spleen of birds of different classes, for detailed analysis, our further research will focus on the study of morphophysiology of the spleen of birds in age and breed aspects.

9. Cellular immune response to anal dysplasia in HIV-positive men on highly active antiretroviral therapy

Sexual Health ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 574
Author(s):  
Nada Farhat ◽  
Nora Laver ◽  
José Caro
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Antitumour Activity ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Cd8 Cells ◽  
Anal Dysplasia ◽  
Cellular Immune

Background The role of the cellular immune response to anal dysplasia progression is poorly understood. Extrapolated from the cervical model, CD4+ (killed by HIV) and CD8+ cells may have crucial anti-tumour activity. We report pilot data on key immune responses in HIV+ patients on HAART with anal dysplasia. Methods: High-resolution anoscopy and biopsies were performed. Ten tissue biopsies with high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (HGAIN) were stained with immunohistochemistry for CD4+, CD8+, CXCL12+ and FOXP3+, and compared with 10 samples with low-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (LGAIN). Serum CD4+ and CD8+ counts were available. Tissue photographs were obtained and analysed utilising MetaXpress software. Results: In all dysplastic tissue, we found a higher number of CD4+, CD8+ and FOXP3+ cells in the subepithelium than epithelium. In HGAIN, the number of FOXP3+, intraepithelial CD4+ cells, and the ratio of intraepithelial to serum CD4+ were higher than in LGAIN. CXCL12+ staining was more abundant in HGAIN. CD4+ cells outnumbered CD8+ cells in all dysplastic tissue. Conclusions: The higher CD4+ to CD8+ ratio in HGAIN may be explained by the excess demand for antitumour activity, which is known to be a function of CD4+ cells against HPV-dysplasia in the analogous cervical dysplasia model. Cytotoxic CD8 cells, although known to have an important anti-tumour role, were less abundant in our study. The pro-tumour FOXP3+ cells, being more abundant in HGAIN, may have a key role in the progression of anal dysplasia. Strategies to block CXCL12+ may be useful in the treatment of HPV-related dysplasia.

Lack of the CD8+ cell anti-HIV factor in CD8+ cell granules

Blood ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl E. Mackewicz ◽  
Baikun Wang ◽  
Sunil Metkar ◽  
Matthew Richey ◽  
Christopher J. Froelich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Antiviral Protein ◽  
Cd8 Cells ◽  
Cd8 Cell ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Primary Granule

Abstract In HIV infection, CD8+ cells show cytotoxic and noncytotoxic anti-HIV activity. The latter function is mediated, at least in part, by a secreted antiviral protein, the CD8+ cell antiviral factor (CAF). Because antiviral effector molecules, such as perforin and granzymes, reside in the exocytic granules of CD8+ T cells, we examined the possibility that granules contain CAF-like activity. CD8+ cells from HIV-infected individuals showing strong CAF-mediated antiviral activity were induced to release their granule constituents into culture media. Within 1 hour of stimulation, high levels of granzyme B (a primary granule constituent) were found in the culture fluids of previously activated CD8+ cells. The same culture fluids contained no or very low amounts of CAF activity, as measured with HIV-infected CD4+ cells. Maximal levels of CAF activity were not observed until 5 or 7 days after stimulation, consistent with typical CAF production kinetics. In addition, extracts of granules purified from antiviral CD8+ cells did not show any CAF activity, whereas the cytoplasmic fraction of these cells showed substantial levels of antiviral activity. These findings suggest that CAF does not reside at appreciable levels in the exocytic granules of antiviral CD8+ T cells. (Blood. 2003;102: 180-183)

scholarly journals Ascorbic acid biosynthesis: a precursor study on plants

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson D. Barata-Soares ◽  
Maria Luiza P. A. Gomez ◽  
Carlos Henrique de Mesquita ◽  
Franco M. Lajolo
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
The Other ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Ripening Stages ◽  
Main Pathway ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Red Pulp

Since the first isolation of ascorbic acid (AsA) in 1928, few papers have been published regarding the biosynthesis of AsA in plants, especially in fruits. It took as long as 1998, before Wheeler, Jones and Smirnoff, based on a study with Arabidopsis leaves, proposed what can be considered the main pathway of biosynthesis of AsA, in which L-galactose (L-GAL) is a key precursor. This paper reports the effectiveness of some precursors (cold or radiolabeled) in the biosynthesis of AsA in different plants: green sweet pepper, white-pulp guava, red-pulp guava, papaya and strawberry at two ripening stages (mature green and ripe for papaya and mature green and half red for strawberry) and broccoli. The 'Smirnoff-Wheeler' pathway was functioning and active in all sources studied, as demonstrated by the increase in AsA contents and incorporation of labeled precursors into AsA. In papaya, the AsA content in the ripe fruit was higher than in the mature green, indicating the synthesis of AsA during ripening. On the other hand, the AsA content in the mature green strawberry was similar to that of the half red fruits. Our data demonstrate that L-GAL and L-Galactono-1,4-lactone (L-GL) are effective precursors for the biosynthesis of AsA in fruits and also provided additional evidence for the participation of D-mannose (D-MAN) and D-glucose-1P in the biosynthesis of AsA in plants.

scholarly journals Effects of classical swine fever virus infection on the porcine leukocyte subsets

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Schubert ◽  
P. Soós ◽  
K. R. Depner
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Viral Antigen ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Virus Antigen ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Double Positive ◽  
Cd8 Cells ◽  
Acute Form

The effects of classical swine fever (CSF) virus infection on the porcine leukocyte subsets were investigated by flow cytometry in acute, chronic and convalescent forms of the disease. The virus antigen could be first detected in the monocytes on postinfection (p.i.) day 10 while in the lymphocytes on p.i. day 13. It could be established that the ratio of CD6+ cells decreased until p.i. day 6, but afterwards it started to increase and reached different values. The CD4+CD8+, the CD8+ and the CD6- cells were obviously higher virus positive than the CD4+ and the CD4-CD8-subsets, but essentially all subsets could be infected. The ratio of CD8+ cells increased during the disease, while the number of double positive cells decreased, and that of the CD4+ cells was variable. The viral antigen could be detected in a lower percentage of the CD4+CD8+, CD8+, CD6+ and CD6- cells of the pigs affected with the chronic form of the disease than in those with the acute form. During the experiments no viral antigen could be detected in the leukocytes of the pig that became convalescent, though the changes in its leukocyte subsets were very similar to those seen in pigs in which the viral antigen could be detected. The studies have revealed that essentially all leukocyte subsets can be infected with the CSF virus, but in very different amounts.

scholarly journals Splenic Mechanisms of Thrombocytopenia

Blood ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 130 (Suppl_1) ◽  
pp. SCI-33-SCI-33
Author(s):  
John W. Semple
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Reticuloendothelial System ◽  
Lymphoid Organ ◽  
The Body ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Venous Circulation ◽  
Destructive Processes ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
Red Pulp

The spleen is the largest secondary lymphoid organ in the body and contains up to 25 percent of the body's lymphocyte populations. It is not only responsible for initiating immune responses against a multitude of infectious antigens within its white pulp, it also has the exquisite ability to filter the blood and remove, for example, senescent erythrocytes and platelets. This natural process is carried out within the red pulp of the spleen which is composed monocyte-rich connective tissue cords of Billroth intertwined with sinus cavities lined by parallel-oriented endothelial cells that have interendothelial slits which allow for the mechanical sorting of "old" cells. This occurs because of the inability of the senescent cells to properly migrate through the endothelial fenestrae into the venous circulation allowing them to be identified by cells of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) and quickly destroyed by phagocytosis. This process also allows for the efficient recycling of iron from destroyed erythrocyte hemoglobin molecules. There are a wide variety of clinical conditions that can significantly alter the ability of the RES to destroy blood cells including hereditary blood cell defects, inflammation, cancer and abnormal immune responses. This lecture will focus on the central role that the spleen plays in not only generating immune responses against platelets but also in primarily causing the destruction of both senescent and antibody-opsonized platelets leading to thrombocytopenia. It will discuss the soluble and cellular mechanisms of splenic sequestration, destruction and the ability of the spleen to modulate anti-platelet immunity. Mechanisms involving complement activation, Fc Receptor-mediated phagocytosis, antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity and platelet self-destruction will be addressed. It will compare the spleen's platelet destructive capabilities with other organs, particularly the liver and will detail how immune responses generated in the white pulp can modulate platelet destructive processes in the red pulp. Disclosures Semple: Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Rigel: Consultancy, Honoraria; UCB: Consultancy, Honoraria.

scholarly journals PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTE PHENOTYPE OF ZAP-70+ AND ZAP-70− PATIENTS WITH B-CELL CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKAEMIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Rivkina ◽  
I Holodnuka Kholodnyuk ◽  
M Murovska ◽  
M Soloveichika ◽  
S Lejniece
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukaemia ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Leukemic Cells ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Cd8 Cells ◽  
Zeta Chain ◽  
Lymphocyte Phenotypes

Background: Up to now, the immune status of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients in association with the expression of zeta-chain-associated protein kinase 70 (ZAP-70) in leukemic cells has not been evaluated. Aim: The aim of this work was the study of the peripheral blood (PB) T-lymphocyte phenotypes in ZAP-70-positive (ZAP-70+) and ZAP-70-negative (ZAP-70−) untreated patients with CLL. Materials and Methods: ZAP-70-, CD25-, CD3-, CD4-, and CD8-positive lymphocytes were enumerated by flow cytometry in PB of 120 untreated CLL patients. CD8+, CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD25+ cells were counted for the non-leukemic lymphocytes. Results: The patients were distributed into two groups: the ZAP-70+ group of high CLL progression (n = 61), and the ZAP-70− group of low CLL progression (n = 59). In the ZAP-70+ group, the ratio CD4/CD8 (0.33 ± 0.62; p = 0.001) and the numbers of the CD3+ (34.8 ± 8.1%; p = 0.01), CD3+CD4+ (24.4% ± 4.8; p = 0.001), and CD3+CD25+ (6.2 ± 0.91%; p = 0.001) lymphocytes were reduced and the percentage of the CD8+ cells (73.1 ± 4.6%; p = 0.0001) was above the norm. In the ZAP-70− group, the number of the CD3+CD4+ cells (36.9 ± 6.1%; p = 0.001) was within the norm, but the numbers of the CD8+ (11.3 ± 1.1%; p = 0.0001) and CD3+ (41.2 ± 5.3%; p = 0.05) lymphocytes were reduced; the ratio CD4/ CD8 (3.26 ± 0.88; p = 0.001) and the percentage of the CD3+CD25+ cells (27.1 ± 3.4%; p = 0.0001) were above the norm. Conclusions: Our data show that the increased CD4/CD8 ratio, caused by the reduced number of the CD8+ lymphocytes, and the increased number of CD3+CD25+ cells are characteristic for the ZAP-70− group (slow progressing) of untreated CLL patients. In ZAP-70+ patients, the CD4/CD8 ratio was significantly below the norm indicating an active disease process. Results of our study contribute to identification of CLL patients with different prognosis in routine diagnostic/prognostic procedures.

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