scholarly journals Theatre life in the village – a new kind of leisure for peasant youth in the 1920s

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Nataliia Poltavets
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Rural Youth ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Ruling Elite ◽  
Totalitarian Regime ◽  
Cultural Transformations ◽  
Party Position ◽  
Youth Theatre ◽  
Original Phenomenon ◽  
The Village

The purpose of the article is to highlight theatrical art as a form of organized cultural leisure of peasant youth during the 1920s. Research methods: problem-chronological, historical-systemic and analytical. Main results. It is found that drama circles and rural theatre were in great demand among young people and became the most popular form of leisure in the village. The organizers of group theatrical work were Komsomol activists and teachers. It is found that the latter, being an educated part of the rural environment, became more productive and effective in setting up appropriate work with peasant youth. There were organizational and financial problems in the practice of theatre companies and drama circles. It was one of the reasons for the low quality of youth theatre performances. At the same time, there were many successful amateur groups in the districts of the Ukrainian SSR. The author shows that the role and place of peasant youth in drama circles and rural theatres was determined by the political education policy of the ruling party. The filling of youth leisure by rural theatre was to perform several functions, including raising the general cultural level of the population, deepening political consciousness, anti-religious propaganda and levelling the dominant traditional forms of leisure for young peasant population. Taking into consideration the functions and tasks, set by the ruling elite before theatrical and dramatic circles, the themes of plays and performances were also appropriate. They tried to select the whole repertoire in the direction of general strengthening of the Bolshevik Party position in the countryside. Considering the possibility of influence of this type of art on young people consciousness formation, in the conditions of the totalitarian regime it was doomed to its political and ideological service. Practical significance: recommended for use in the study of rural youth leisure, the study of history of rural theatre as an original phenomenon in the village of the NEP period. Originality: the author generalizes the experience of creating leisure of rural youth of the post-revolutionary period in the conditions of ideological and cultural transformations. Scientific novelty: for the first time peasant youth is considered by the author as a subject of the formation of a new type of leisure of the Ukrainian village of the 1920s. Article type: review-generalizing.

scholarly journals Agrarian dynasties as a social and professional resource

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Kulikova
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Rural Youth ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Rural Labor ◽  
The Family ◽  
Professional Self ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Prestige

The relevance of this article lies in the consideration of agrarian dynasties as a social and professional resource for strengthening the agrarian sector of the economy, as one of the aspects of solving the problem of professional self-determination of rural youth and raising the prestige of agrarian professions. The article is analytical in nature. In the post-Soviet years, there was a tendency to reduce the dynasty of families, although professional continuity is a necessary foundation for the development of the country's economy. The development of knowledge-intensive technologies, the creation of a new generation of technology, a decrease in the share of physical labor does not solve the issue of personnel shortages in the countryside. Not every young man, even a native of the village, is ready to devote his life to the agrarian profession. Therefore, the task of preserving and increasing agrarian dynasties remains urgent. The article delimits the concepts of an agrarian professional dynasty and an agrarian family dynasty. The task contributes to solving several problems: fixing personnel in the countryside; development of agricultural production, introduction of knowledge-intensive technologies; rural development; raising the prestige of agrarian professions among young people. The growth of the number of professional dynasties in our country is influenced by family ties. The problem of preserving agrarian dynasties and professional self-determination of rural youth is being studied at the State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals (Tyumen). At the university, students with "village" roots are approximately 64 %. According to the analysis of research among university students, the family remains the greatest value for the younger generation of the village, and the number of students who decided to continue the family dynasty remains stably small at the level of 14 %, but, given the negative attitude towards rural labor in the post-Soviet period, this is a good indicator. The results of the survey on professional agrarian dynasties are well correlated with the survey of students about their return after graduation to live and work in the village. There are 14–18 % of such in different years. Respondents cite various reasons for reluctance to return to their small homeland – low incomes in rural areas, social problems, underdeveloped infrastructure, etc. The author believes that the real reason for this problem is much deeper – in dislike of his native land and rural labor, in interruption of mental and historical memory and disregard for family native peasant traditions. The problem of continuing agrarian dynasties is not so much the problem of individual parents or the youngest person, but of society as a whole. Conclusion: support for agrarian dynasties contributes to the return of young people to the village, raises the prestige of agricultural professions, helps to qualitatively solve the personnel issue and the issue of rural development.

scholarly journals “The Praying People were Quite Distressed...”. Towards the Results of the Cultural Revolution in the Kama Countryside.

TECHNOLOGOS ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 36-45
Author(s):  
Leybovich Oleg
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Rural Youth ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Time Behavior ◽  
Private Interests ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Cultural Revolution

By means of the case study method the problem of revealing the results of the 1930’s Cultural Revolution in the leisure-time behavior of the rural youth has been posed in the article. The Cultural Revolution is understood by the author as a large Soviet project which was started in the 1920s and finished in the post-war decade with the formation of the Soviet man, who mastered the Bolshevik journalese and the necessary public ritual practices along with the symbols of the Soviet system. Antireligious agitation was an integral component of the Cultural Revolution; in fact it was its core. As the subject of the historical reconstruction it was chosen an incident in the Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Savior in Gamovo village during the Easter holiday 1953. A document with the description of the incident compiled by P.S. Gorbunov, plenipotentiary for the Russian Orthodox Church in Molotov Region has been analyzed in detail. For the solution of this problem the author applied the resources which hadn’t been introduced for the scientific use earlier: materials from Party conferences and meetings; information from the Administration of the MGB in the Molotov region, letters and written requests to the Regional Committee of the CPSU. The original thesis of the article is stated as follows. As a result of the Cultural Revolution it was formed a new type of the Soviet person who according to the basic characteristics was divided into two types: the urban inhabitant living by his on private interests, and the hooligan from the workers' suburb, a violent and disruptive troublemaker. In the article it is reconstructed the events which took place in the village church on the night from the third to the fourth of April, 1953: intrusion of the drunken young men, their outrage on the porch and in the church fence, a knife-fight and, finally, a murder. The author has offered a hypothesis making possible to explain their licentious behavior by the fact that in the culture of working (rural) youth the boundaries between different kinds of space were erased. The Orthodox Church and the village club were identical for them in their leisure value. The norms of street and courtyard culture were applied to them equally. The status of the temple was lower than that of the club. Young people equated the church with something backward, boring, and old. The party and punitive agencies did all they could to alienate the new generation from any form of religious life. As a result, young people either stood aside the Orthodox Church or treated it with contempt, or, in exceptional cases, outraged within its bounds.

Condom Use and HIV/AIDS Among Young People in Edo State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 0044118X2098138
Author(s):  
Eric Y. Tenkorang
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Rural Youth ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Logit Models ◽  
Junior Secondary Schools ◽  
Junior Secondary ◽  
Edo State ◽  
Gender Specific

This study used the Information Motivation Behavioral (IMB) skills model to examine condom use among rural youth in Edo State, Nigeria. Data were collected from 4,801 youth aged 11 to 17 years attending Junior Secondary Schools. Analysis focused on 1,749 (Male = 1,134, Female = 615) sexually active youth. Random-effects ordinal logit models were used to examine the effects of the various components of the IMB framework on frequency of condom use. Gender-specific models were estimated. Results provided qualified support for the IMB. Specifically, youth who communicated with teachers and peers about condoms and HIV had higher odds of saying they used condoms always than sometimes or never. Compared to males who did not think they could get HIV, those who thought they probably could get infected were less likely to use condoms frequently. Similarly, compared to those who didn’t, females who knew others infected with HIV were less likely to use condoms frequently.

Finding a Home on Stage: A Place for Romania in Europe?

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-210
Author(s):  
IOANA SZEMAN
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Young People ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Press Coverage ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Theatrical Production ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
Historical Relationship ◽  
Youth Theatre

Home, a pioneering theatrical production in post-communist Romania, cast homeless/orphaned youth in the Youth Theatre in Bucharest. The ‘orphan problem’ has been one of the most covered topics on Romania in western media, and one of the signs of Romania's ‘backwardness’, while neglect and indifference have characterized local press coverage. The significance of the production in changing the Romanian public's perception of these young people, many of whom are from the Roma ethnic group, is analysed, as are much wider political implications. Emma Nicholson, the European Parliament rapporteur for Romania, saw Home and afterwards expressed her support for Romania's acceptance into the European Union. The production and its reception permit a tracing of the historical relationship between the performance of Romanian marginality and national identity in relation to Europe.

scholarly journals Psychological features of perception of their group in temporal perspective in moldovan youth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Caunenco ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
University Students ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Temporal Perspective ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cultural Transformations ◽  
Psychological Features

The article analyzes the results of an empirical study of Moldovan youth on the perception of their group in the past, present and future. The sample consisted of 200 respondents, Moldovans, university students in Chisinau. The basis for dividing the group of Moldovan youth into “optimists” and “pessimists” was their attitude to the future of their ethnic group. An empirical study of the characteristics of the perception of their group in the time perspective among young people of Moldovans revealed a great variability from “optimists”, who accounted for 43%, to “pessimists”, – 29%, which, according to researchers, is a reflection of the socio-cultural transformations taking place in Moldovan society.

scholarly journals V. Bryusov’s Letters to His Fiancée

Literary Fact ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 8-30
Author(s):  
Monika V. Orlova
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Terminally Ill ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Relationship

The publication includes V.Ya. Bryusov’s letters to his fiancée I.M. Runt (1876 –1965) from June 9 to September 9, 1897. 11 correspondences, including the final telegram sent from Kursk, were written and sent from Aachen (Germany), Moscow and several Ukrainian localities. The letter 10 is accompanied by the full text of I.M. Runt’s only surviving letter to Bryusov, sent from Moscow to the village of Bolshye Sorochintsy and received by the poet a few months later at home. The relationship between the young people before the wedding were complicated. While the poet was preparing for the wedding in Moscow, he summed up the past contacts with “mes amantes”, and his state of mind was painful. Shortly before meeting his future wife, Bryusov broke up with the former governess of his family E.I. Pavlovskaya, who was terminally ill. A few days before the wedding he decided to go to say goodbye to Pavlovskaya to her homeland, Ukraine. In his letters to the future wife the poet tried to smooth out the tension of the situation, perhaps anticipating that he would be bounded with I.M. Runt 30 Литературный факт. 2021. № 2 (20) by a long-term relationship, where life and literature are closely interconnected. The letters are published for the first time.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurial Intention among Rural Youth in Moroccan Agricultural Cooperatives: The Future of Rural Entrepreneurship

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9247
Author(s):  
El Bouichou ◽  
Tahirou Abdoulaye ◽  
Khalil Allali ◽  
Abdelghani Bouayad ◽  
Aziz Fadlaoui
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Young People ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Rural Youth ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Agricultural Cooperatives ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Random Sample Size ◽  
Rural Entrepreneurship

Rural entrepreneurship in the developing world has long been hailed as a powerful tool for promoting the socioeconomic integration of young people and the key to avoiding rural depopulation as well as ensuring these areas remain attractive places for rural youth. However, there have been no efforts to investigate the role of collective entrepreneurship in the creation and management of new businesses in Morocco. Furthermore, we build on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to investigate and explain entrepreneurial intention among the rural youth members of agricultural cooperatives, and identify the vulnerabilities and factors that influence the choice or decision-making between permanent membership at the cooperative and an entrepreneurial career. In this case, we apply the cognitive approach to survey rural youth in the Drâa-Tafilalet region of Morocco in 2020. The binary logistic regression analysis technique has been used and applied to build the best model to explain why some rural youth members of the cooperative, but not others, choose to become entrepreneurs. We model how agricultural cooperatives may favor or inhibit the translation of entrepreneurial intention into new venture creation. A random sample size of 130 young people has been selected, from which 54 are intending to start a business and 76 have a negative intention of self-employment. The results of the analysis showed that socio-demographic variables, individual perceptions, previous experience, and the activities of the cooperative were statistically significant and reliable in building the binary logistic regression model. Findings also suggest that the risks of agribusiness and financing constraints have a negative influence on entrepreneurial intentions of the youth and women in agricultural cooperatives.

scholarly journals Establishment of the Bolshevik Totalitarian Regime in Podillia at the End of the 1920s – at the Beginning of the 1930s: Causes, Technologies And Consequences (on the Example of the Melnykivtsi Village in the Vinnytsia Region)

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-68
Author(s):  
Oleh Melnychuk ◽  
◽  
Tetiana Melnychuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Main Argument ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Totalitarian Regime ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Social ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Mass Starvation ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Village ◽  
Collective Farms

The purpose of the article, based on the analysis of sources, taking into account the microhistorical approach, to trace the process of final establishment of the Bolshevik totalitarian regime in the Podillia at the and of 1920s – at the beginning of the 1930s through analysis of causes, technologies and consequences. The methodology of the research is based on a combination of general scientific, special-historical and interdisciplinary methods of microhistorical research, taking into account the principles of historicism, systematics, scientificity and verification. The scientific novelty lies in the author's attempt, based on the analysis of a wide representative source base, from the standpoint of a specific microhistorical study, to analyze the process of planting the Bolshevik totalitarian regime in Podillia in the second military-communist assault. Conclusions. An analysis of various sources reflecting the process of planting the Bolshevik totalitarian regime in the village of Melnykivtsi in the Vinnytsia region suggests that the intensification of local authorities to socialize peasant farms in Podillya began in the spring of 1928. If at the beginning of the unification of peasants voluntarily, then with the party taking a course for continuous collectivization, in November 1929, forceful methods of involvement in collectives prevailed. Suppression of the resistance of wealthy peasants was proposed through the expropriation of their property and deportation outside their permanent residence. The response of the Podillia peasantry to the atrocities of the authorities was the intensification of open resistance, as a result of which in the spring of 1930th the Soviet authorities were even overthrown for a short time in some settlements of Podillya. The appearance of J. Stalin's article "Dizziness from Success" was perceived by some peasants as an outspoken criticism by the leader of the violent methods of the local authorities, so as a result of the so-called "bagpipes", by May 1930 almost 1/3 of all members of collective farms left the collectives. . During the second stage of continuous collectivization, which began in September 1930th, the main "argument" that was to persuade the peasants to join the collectives was tax pressure. Influence on the peasantry was carried out through the system of grain procurement. By setting unbearable norms for the delivery of bread for individual farms, the authorities thus forced them to join the collective farms. Forced collectivization, accompanied by the expropriation of wealthy peasants, unbearable grain procurement plans and the forced seizure of food supplies led to mass starvation of part of the Podolsk peasantry in the spring of 1932. As a result of the artificially planned Holodomor of 1932-1933th decreased by more than 1 million people. According to the authorities' plan, the genocide was to finally subdue the Ukrainian peasantry by starvation. By destroying the peasant owners, the Bolshevik government also deliberately and purposefully destroyed the social base of Ukrainian nationalism.

Consultation with the Specialist

1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 158-159
Author(s):  
Robert L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Sexual Identity ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Visible Sign ◽  
Intellectual Identity ◽  
The Family ◽  
Adult Status ◽  
Societal Responsibility ◽  
The Village

Adolescence is a time set aside in our culture for our children to learn how to be adults. Throughout history this societal responsibility has been satisfied in various ways by different cultural groups. Alex Hailey, in his book Roots, describes the ancient African adolescence of the young Kunta Kinte: At 12 years of age the boys of the village were separated from their families and taken to a camp in the jungle. Over a period of 6 weeks, the men of the community taught the boys all the lessons of adulthood. At the end of the encampment they were tested to determine if they had learned these lessons of adulthood. Those boys who successfully passed the test were granted adult status and circumcised as a visible sign of their manhood. These young people who left their village as boys returned to their society as men. Adolescents in our culture must accomplish the same task of adolescence as the young Kunte Kinte. They must: 1. Emancipate themselves within the structure that gave them nurture and support during their childhood (usually the family or some similar surrogate structure); 2. Establish their sexual identity—make decisions about maleness and femaleness and love-object gender; Establish their intellectual identity and place themselves within the religious, cultural, ethnic, moral, and political constructs of our society;

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