scholarly journals Активність та вміст ізозимів аспартатамінотрансферази в репродуктивних органах корів

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (77) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
M.M. Akymyshyn ◽  
N.N. Kuzmina ◽  
D.D. Ostapiv
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Follicle Cell ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Aspartate Transaminase ◽  
Follicle Growth ◽  
High Enzyme ◽  
High Enzyme Activity

Activity and isozyme content of aspartate transaminase in cow reproductive organs at different physiological states and ovarian hypofunction were studied. It was registered, that activity of aspartate transaminase (AST) in ovarian tissue and endometrium at corpus luteum state is 132.0 ± 8.23 and 172.9 ± 8.70 μm/min×mg of protein, lower on 26.3 and 5.5% at follicle growth and at early corpus luteum is 66.5 ± 2.10 and 147.1 ± 13.26 μm/min×mg of protein. Lowest AST activity is registered at hypofunction state (61.8 ± 4.57 і 146.1 ± 9.33 μm/min×mg of protein). In cow reproductive organ tissues and antral fluid from ovarian follicles was registered two bands of proteins, that have AST activity. In reproductive organs main part is mitochondrial isozyme (АSТ2; 78.8–97.7%) in antral fluid – cytosole (АSТ1; 72.8–88.2%). In ovarian and uterus tissues was established high enzyme activity at late corpus luteum, that characterizes intensive aspartate conversion to oxaloacetate and possible utilization of substeates to maintain energetic and sytnthetic needs in cow reproductive organs. Antral fluid of big follicles from ovarian at follicle growth and at state of late corpus luteum characterizes by high activity and content of AST, that points on follicle cell growth – granulose and oocyte. In ovarian tissue and endometrium at hypofunction lower activity and isozyme content point on substrate deficiency for transamination and violation of physiological functions.

Reproductive Organ Education for Psychic Health Development of Early Age

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Darwati
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Development ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
The Body ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Stage Of Development

Reproductive  health education should be given since early childhood by using language that is adapted to the stage of development. If you procrastinate and wait until the teenager it is already too late because in the days of the digital era, as now, all the information can be easily accessed by anyone including children early age. If the early childhood misinformed about their reproductive organs it would disrupt the physical and psychological development due to the wrong behavior in caring for and maintaining reproductive organs. Qur’an as the holy book of Muslims describes the steps of reproduction and  imparting education wisely as well as how to apply such education. This kind of education must be in accordance with the conditions of children and there should not be a lie about it We can also use media and methods such as pictures, songs, tap or other visual  media which can give clearer information, so that children can clearly see parts of the body, their characteristics, and how to treat and care them. The impropriate approach in conveying this kind of knowledge will be very dangerous for children. The provision of early age reproductive organs education can prevent the occurrence of deviant behavior as well as protect children from dangerous influence in early childhood development.

Su1843 High Enzyme Activity UGT1A1 or Low Activity Ugt1a8 and Ugt2b4 Genotypes Increase Esophageal Cancer Risk

2012 ◽  
Vol 142 (5) ◽  
pp. S-517
Author(s):  
Polat Dura ◽  
Jody Salomon ◽  
Rene te Morsche ◽  
Hennie Roelofs ◽  
Jon Kristinsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
High Enzyme ◽  
Low Activity ◽  
High Enzyme Activity

Internodal invertases and stalk maturity in sugarcane

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Sehtiya ◽  
J. P. S. Dendsay ◽  
A. K. Dhawan
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Neutral Invertase ◽  
High Enzyme ◽  
Stem Slices ◽  
High Enzyme Activity

SUMMARYAcid and neutral invertase activities in the stem of an early (CoJ 64) and a late cultivar (Col 148) of sugarcane were estimated by incubating stem slices in buffered sucrose solution and measuring the production of reducing sugars. High enzyme activity occurred in young tissue but the activity of both enzymes was considerably lower in the mature internodes. Acid and neutral invertase activity was highest in the midinternode position, corresponding to the region of cell expansion.

scholarly journals Oriented basement membrane fibrils provide a memory for F-actin planar polarization via the Dystrophin-Dystroglycan complex during tissue elongation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Cerqueira Campos ◽  
Cynthia Dennis ◽  
Hervé Alégot ◽  
Cornelia Fritsch ◽  
Adam Isabella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Follicle Cell ◽  
Autonomous Control ◽  
Stress Fibers ◽  
Follicle Growth ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Fibers Orientation ◽  
Open Question ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryHow extracellular matrix participates to tissue morphogenesis is still an open question. In the Drosophila ovarian follicle, it has been proposed that after Fat2-dependent planar polarization of the follicle cell basal domain, oriented basement membrane (BM) fibrils and F-actin stress fibers constrain follicle growth, promoting its axial elongation. However, the relationship between BM fibrils and stress fibers and their respective impact on elongation are unclear. We found that Dystroglycan (Dg) and Dystrophin (Dys) are involved in BM fibril deposition. Moreover, they orient stress fibers, by acting locally and in parallel to Fat2. Nonetheless, Dg-Dys complex-mediated cell autonomous control of F-actin fibers orientation relies on the previous BM fibril deposition, indicating two distinct but interdependent functions. Thus, the Dg-Dys complex works as a critical organizer of the epithelial basal domain, regulating both F-actin and BM. Furthermore, BM fibrils act as a persistent cue for the orientation of stress fibers that are the main effector of elongation.

STEROID METABOLIC PATHWAYS IN THE OVARY OF THE CHINCHILLA (CHINCHILLA LANIGER)

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. TAM
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Controlling Factor ◽  
Steroid Metabolism ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Luteal Tissue ◽  
Kinetic Investigations ◽  
High Yields

SUMMARY The ovarian tissue components of the pregnant chinchilla were incubated with equimolar amounts of [7α-3H]pregnenolone and [4-14C]progesterone. The greater contribution by [7α-3H]pregnenolone than by [4-14C]progesterone towards the formation of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone and androstenedione, and the relatively high yields of 17α-hydroxypregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone showed that both the 4-ene and 5-ene pathways of steroid metabolism were used in the interstitial tissue. No significant amount of 17α-hydroxylation was observed in the primary and accessory corpora lutea. The results of kinetic investigations using [7α-3H]pregnenolone as substrate also demonstrated a precursor—product relationship between dehydroepiandrosterone and androstenedione in the interstitial tissue, but this was not apparent in the luteal tissue. The results indicated that the interstitial tissue was capable of synthesizing progesterone and oestrogens as major products, and that the lack of 17α-hydroxylation in the luteal tissue was a controlling factor ensuring the synthesis of progesterone as its principal hormonal product. A small amount of [4-14C]dehydroepiandrosterone was always isolated with a much larger amount of the tritiated compound. This implied the conversion of 14C-labelled 4-en-3-oxosteroids into 5-ene-3β-hydroxysteroids which has generally been regarded as impossible. The isolation of this product, which may be an artifact, and the possibility that progesterone and oestrogens may be synthesized by different cells (granulosa and theca lutein cells) in the corpus luteum, or that there may be a third pathway for oestrogen synthesis, as suggested by the results of the kinetic experiments, are discussed.

Preparation of enzymatically highly active pegylated-D-amino acid oxidase and its application to antitumor therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideaki Nakamura ◽  
Appiah Enoch ◽  
Shotaro Iwaya ◽  
Sakura Furusho ◽  
Shoko Tsunoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Antitumor Effect ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Acid Oxidase ◽  
Antitumor Therapy ◽  
Amino Acid Oxidase ◽  
Tumor Bearing ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
High Enzyme ◽  
High Enzyme Activity

Background: D-amino acid oxidase (DAO) is an H2O2-generating enzyme, and tumor growth suppression by selective delivery of porcine DAO in tumors via the cytotoxic action of H2O2 has been reported. DAO isolated from Fusarium spp. (fDAO) shows much higher enzyme activity than porcine DAO, although the application of fDAO for antitumor treatment has not yet been determined. Objective: The purpose of this study was to prepare enzymatically highly active pegylated-fDAO, and to determine whether it accumulates in tumors and exerts a potent antitumor effect in tumor-bearing mice. Methods: Polyethylene glycol (PEG; Mw. 2000) was conjugated to fDAO to form PEGylated fDAO (PEG-fDAO). PEGfDAO was intravenously administered into S180 tumor-bearing mice, and the body distribution and antitumor activity of PEG-fDAO was determined. Results: The enzyme activity of PEG-fDAO was 26.1 U/mg, which was comparable to that of fDAO. Intravenously administered PEG-fDAO accumulated in tumors with less distribution in normal tissue except in the plasma. Enzyme activity in the tumor was 60–120 mU/g-tissue over 7–20 h after i.v. injection of 0.1 mg of PEG-fDAO. To generate the H2O2 in the tumor tissue, PEG-fDAO was intravenously administered, and then, D-phenylalanine was intraperitoneally administered after a lag time. No remarkable tumor suppression effect was observed under conditions used in this study, compared to the non-treated group. Conclusion: The results suggest that PEG-fDAO maintained high enzymatic activity after pegylation. Treatment with PEGfDAO conferred high enzyme activity on tumor tissue; 3–6 fold higher than that of previously reported pDAO; however, high enzyme activity in the plasma limited repeated treatment owing to lethal toxicity, which seemingly led to poor therapeutic outcome. Overall, the use of PEG-fDAO is promising for antitumor therapy, although the suppression of DAO activity in the plasma would also be required rather than only the increase in DAO activity in the tumor for an antitumor effect.

scholarly journals Spliceosomal Protein Gene BmSPX Regulates Reproductive Organ Development in Bombyx mori

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2579
Author(s):  
Yao Wang ◽  
Juan Li ◽  
Qiu-Xing Wan ◽  
Qin Zhao ◽  
Kai-Xuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Organ Development ◽  
Regulatory Factor ◽  
Transgenic Silkworm ◽  
Spliceosomal Protein

Sex determination and differentiation are nearly universal to all eukaryotic organisms, encompassing diverse systems and mechanisms. Here, we identified a spliceosomal protein gene BmSPX involved in sex determination of the lepidopeteran insect, Bombyx mori. In a transgenic silkworm line that overexpressed the BmSPX gene, transgenic silkworm males exhibited differences in their external genitalia compared to wild-type males, but normal internal genitalia. Additionally, transgenic silkworm females exhibited a developmental disorder of the reproductive organs. Upregulation of BmSPX significantly increased the expression levels of sex-determining genes (BmMasc and BmIMP) and reduced the female-type splice isoform of Bmdsx, which is a key switch gene downstream of the sex-determination pathway. Additionally, co-immunoprecipitation assays confirmed an interaction between the BmSPX protein and BmPSI, an upstream regulatory factor of Bmdsx. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that BmSPX over-expression upregulated the expression of the Hox gene abdominal-B (Adb-B), which is required for specification of the posterior abdomen, external genitalia, and gonads of insects, as well as the genes in the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTK) signaling pathway. In conclusion, our study suggested the involvement of BmSPX, identified as a novel regulatory factor, in the sex-determination pathway and regulation of reproductive organ development in silkworms.

A Study of the Colorimetric Dinitrophenylhydrazine Method for the Determination of Serum Glutamic Oxalacetic Transaminase Activity

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
J S Annino
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Transaminase Activity ◽  
Reagent Blank ◽  
Glutamic Oxalacetic Transaminase ◽  
Color Development ◽  
High Enzyme ◽  
Serum Glutamic Oxalacetic Transaminase ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
High Enzyme Activity

Abstract Study of the colorimetric transaminase method of Reitman and Frankel for the determination of serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase activity revealed the following: (1) although maximum absorption occurs at 444 mµ, absorbance readings at 505 mµ gave satisfactory results; (2) color development is immediate and the color is stable for at least 1 hr.; (3) a pyruvate calibration standard may be used; (4) sample blanks are not usually necessary; (5) a reagent blank should accompany each group of analyses and should be used as a photometric reference; (6) the relationship between dilution and enzyme activity is linear; and (7) although the relationship between incubation time and activity is not exactly linear, a factor has been determined to permit the use of a 12-min. incubation period with samples showing high enzyme activity.

scholarly journals Characterization of the imaginal reproductive diapause of Oebalus poecilus (Dallas) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. S. Santos ◽  
L. R. Redaelli ◽  
L. M. G. Diefenbach ◽  
H. P. Romanowski ◽  
H. F. Prando
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
The Body ◽  
Reproductive Diapause ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
In The Beginning

The state of development of the internal reproductive organs of male and female Oebalus poecilus (Dallas) as well as the body fat amount in the abdominal cavity during hibernation, of individuals sampled in bamboo litter in Eldorado do Sul (30º02'S and 51°23'W), RS, Brazil was investigated. Females and males showed the abdominal cavity filled with body fat in the beginning of the hibernation phase. The decrease in fat reserve level occurred from August on for males and from October on for females. Ovaries and testis doubled in length and tripled in width from immature to the reproductive phase. Male sexual maturation occurred in the hibernation sites while for females it occurred later on outside of the sites. Reproductive organ immaturity and abdominal body fat hypertrophy characterized the diapause of O. poecilus.

scholarly journals Pollination Drop Proteome and Reproductive Organ Transcriptome Comparison in Gnetum Reveals Entomophilous Adaptation

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Hou ◽  
Richard M. K. Saunders ◽  
Nan Deng ◽  
Tao Wan ◽  
Yingjuan Su
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Pollination Syndromes ◽  
Illumina Hiseq ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Illumina Hiseq Sequencing ◽  
Pollination Drop ◽  
Transcriptome Comparison

Gnetum possesses morphologically bisexual but functionally unisexual reproductive structures that exude sugary pollination drops to attract insects. Previous studies have revealed that the arborescent species (G. gnemon L.) and the lianoid species (G. luofuense C.Y.Cheng) possess different pollination syndromes. This study compared the proteome in the pollination drops of these two species using label-free quantitative techniques. The transcriptomes of fertile reproductive units (FRUs) and sterile reproductive units (SRUs) for each species were furthermore compared using Illumina Hiseq sequencing, and integrated proteomic and transcriptomic analyses were subsequently performed. Our results show that the differentially expressed proteins between FRUs and SRUs were involved in carbohydrate metabolism, the biosynthesis of amino acids and ovule defense. In addition, the differentially expressed genes between the FRUs and SRUs (e.g., MADS-box genes) were engaged in reproductive development and the formation of pollination drops. The integrated protein-transcript analyses revealed that FRUs and their exudates were relatively conservative while the SRUs and their exudates were more diverse, probably functioning as pollinator attractants. The evolution of reproductive organs appears to be synchronized with changes in the pollination drop proteome of Gnetum, suggesting that insect-pollinated adaptations are not restricted to angiosperms but also occur in gymnosperms.

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