scholarly journals Spliceosomal Protein Gene BmSPX Regulates Reproductive Organ Development in Bombyx mori

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2579
Author(s):  
Yao Wang ◽  
Juan Li ◽  
Qiu-Xing Wan ◽  
Qin Zhao ◽  
Kai-Xuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Organ Development ◽  
Regulatory Factor ◽  
Transgenic Silkworm ◽  
Spliceosomal Protein

Sex determination and differentiation are nearly universal to all eukaryotic organisms, encompassing diverse systems and mechanisms. Here, we identified a spliceosomal protein gene BmSPX involved in sex determination of the lepidopeteran insect, Bombyx mori. In a transgenic silkworm line that overexpressed the BmSPX gene, transgenic silkworm males exhibited differences in their external genitalia compared to wild-type males, but normal internal genitalia. Additionally, transgenic silkworm females exhibited a developmental disorder of the reproductive organs. Upregulation of BmSPX significantly increased the expression levels of sex-determining genes (BmMasc and BmIMP) and reduced the female-type splice isoform of Bmdsx, which is a key switch gene downstream of the sex-determination pathway. Additionally, co-immunoprecipitation assays confirmed an interaction between the BmSPX protein and BmPSI, an upstream regulatory factor of Bmdsx. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that BmSPX over-expression upregulated the expression of the Hox gene abdominal-B (Adb-B), which is required for specification of the posterior abdomen, external genitalia, and gonads of insects, as well as the genes in the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTK) signaling pathway. In conclusion, our study suggested the involvement of BmSPX, identified as a novel regulatory factor, in the sex-determination pathway and regulation of reproductive organ development in silkworms.

Estimation of desired feed intake for growth and reproductive organ development in pre-laying hens

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 1228
Author(s):  
Hilda Palma Bendezu ◽  
Nilva Kazue Sakomura ◽  
Euclides Braga Malheiros ◽  
Juliano Cesar De Paula Dorigam ◽  
Edney Pereira Da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Effective Energy ◽  
Organ Development ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Line P

The objective of the present study was to describe the growth of reproductive organs and, on the basis of this information, predict feed intake during the pre-laying phase of laying-type pullets and to evaluate the results of the models. Ninety-six ISA-Brown pullets from 15 to 28 weeks of age were used in the first experiment. The weights of the birds with and without feathers, ovaries and oviducts were measured, and samples were taken to analyse dry matter, gross energy and crude protein. Seventy-six ISA-Brown and 76 Hy-Line pullets from 15 to 24 weeks of age were used in the second experiment. Feed intake was measured daily for each hen until the first egg was laid. The energy for maintenance (EEM) was calculated on the basis of the actual protein content and protein weight at maturity. The effective energy (EE) requirement was calculated as EER = EEM + 50 deposition of protein (DP) + 56 deposition of lipids (DL). Feed intake was calculated by dividing the EE requirement by the EE content in the feed. The simulation of feed intake overestimated values of 0.41 g/day (P > 0.05) and 2.65 g/day (P < 0.001) for Hy-Line and ISA-Brown respectively. A significant linear bias was observed for Hy-Line (P < 0.001) but not for ISA-Brown (P > 0.05). The assessment of the results indicated that the models for predicting feed intake were more accurate and less precise for Hy-Line than for ISA-Brown. Thus, there was an agreement between the calculated and measured values for feed intake, which shows that the models provide a true estimation of feed intake during the pre-laying phase.

scholarly journals Organoids of the Female Reproductive Tract: Innovative Tools to Study Desired to Unwelcome Processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Heremans ◽  
Ziga Jan ◽  
Dirk Timmerman ◽  
Hugo Vankelecom
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Malignant Degeneration ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
Biological Development

The pelviperineal organs of the female reproductive tract form an essential cornerstone of human procreation. The system comprises the ectodermal external genitalia, the Müllerian upper-vaginal, cervical, endometrial and oviductal derivatives, and the endodermal ovaries. Each of these organs presents with a unique course of biological development as well as of malignant degeneration. For many decades, various preclinical in vitro models have been employed to study female reproductive organ (patho-)biology, however, facing important shortcomings of limited expandability, loss of representativeness and inadequate translatability to the clinic. The recent emergence of 3D organoid models has propelled the field forward by generating powerful research tools that in vitro replicate healthy as well as diseased human tissues and are amenable to state-of-the-art experimental interventions. Here, we in detail review organoid modeling of the different female reproductive organs from healthy and tumorigenic backgrounds, and project perspectives for both scientists and clinicians.

Reproductive Organ Education for Psychic Health Development of Early Age

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Darwati
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Development ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
The Body ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Stage Of Development

Reproductive  health education should be given since early childhood by using language that is adapted to the stage of development. If you procrastinate and wait until the teenager it is already too late because in the days of the digital era, as now, all the information can be easily accessed by anyone including children early age. If the early childhood misinformed about their reproductive organs it would disrupt the physical and psychological development due to the wrong behavior in caring for and maintaining reproductive organs. Qur’an as the holy book of Muslims describes the steps of reproduction and  imparting education wisely as well as how to apply such education. This kind of education must be in accordance with the conditions of children and there should not be a lie about it We can also use media and methods such as pictures, songs, tap or other visual  media which can give clearer information, so that children can clearly see parts of the body, their characteristics, and how to treat and care them. The impropriate approach in conveying this kind of knowledge will be very dangerous for children. The provision of early age reproductive organs education can prevent the occurrence of deviant behavior as well as protect children from dangerous influence in early childhood development.

Memoirs: On the Development of the Male Genitalia and the Efferent Genital Ducts in Lepidoptera

1933 ◽  
Vol s2-76 (301) ◽  
pp. 35-61
Author(s):  
DEV RAJ MEHTA
Keyword(s):  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Ejaculatory Duct ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Proximal Portion ◽  
Genital System ◽  
Larval Life ◽  
Accessory Glands

A general account of the internal reproductive organs and the external genitalia and their development is given. The ‘penis lobes’ develop earlier than the ‘valvae lobes’, and independently of them. The tegumen is the modified ninth tergite. The tenth segment is visibly distinguished into a tergal and sternal part in the pupal stages, and the anal tube passes between the two sclerites. The uncus and the gnathos are dorsal and ventral processes respectively of the tenth segment. The anellus lobes develop as lateral processes of the ninth sternite on either side of the penis. The vasa deferentia during larval life do not extend beyond the eighth abdominal segment and lie in a latero-ventral position. They meet the extensions from the ectodermal ‘ductus ejaculatorius duplex’ during the last larval stadium. From the earliest caterpillar stage there exists a pair of ectodermal ducts formed by the differentiation of the epidermis on the ninth sternite. Towards the end of larval life they divide by constriction to form the accessory glands and the ‘ductus ejaculatory duplex’. At this stage they extend on either side to meet the vasa deferentia. The vesiculae seminales develop by distension from the region of junction between the vasa deferentia and the proximal portion of the ejaculatory duct. The ‘ductus ejaculatorius simplex’ arises as an ectodermal invagination between the pair of ‘penis lobes’ during the final larval instar. It is established that, with the exception of the vasa deferentia, all the remaining elements in the efferent genital system are derived from the ectoderm.

scholarly journals Hemocyte-specific Promoter for the Development of Transgenic Silkworm, Bombyx mori

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Won Park ◽  
Tae-Won Goo ◽  
Seong-Ryul Kim ◽  
Gwang-Ho Choi
Keyword(s):  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Transgenic Silkworm ◽  
Silkworm Bombyx Mori

scholarly journals Bombyx mori β-1,3-Glucan Recognition Protein 4 (BmβGRP4) Could Inhibit the Proliferation of B. mori Nucleopolyhedrovirus through Promoting Apoptosis

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 743
Author(s):  
Jie Wang ◽  
Lin-Bao Zhu ◽  
Yan Ma ◽  
Ying-Xue Liu ◽  
Hui-Hua Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Phosphatase And Tensin Homolog ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Tensin Homolog ◽  
Transcriptome Database ◽  
Recognition Protein ◽  
Apoptosis Gene ◽  
Bmn Cells

β-1,3-glucan recognition proteins (βGRPs) as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) play an important role in recognizing various pathogens and trigger complicated signaling pathways in insects. In this study, we identified a Bombyx mori β-1,3-glucan recognition protein gene named BmβGRP4, which showed differential expression, from a previous transcriptome database. The full-length cDNA sequence was 1244 bp, containing an open reading frame (ORF) of 1128 bp encoding 375 amino acids. BmβGRP4 was strongly expressed in the larval stages and highly expressed in the midgut of B. mori larvae in particular. After BmNPV infection, the expression of BmβGRP4 was reduced significantly in the midgut. Furthermore, a significant increase in the copy number of BmNPV was observed after the knockdown of BmβGRP4 in 5th instar larvae, while the overexpression of BmβGRP4 suppressed the proliferation of BmNPV in BmN cells. Subsequently, the expression analysis of several apoptosis-related genes and observation of the apoptosis morphology demonstrated that overexpression of BmβGRP4 facilitated apoptosis induced by BmNPV in BmN cells. Moreover, BmβGRP4 positively regulated the phosphatase and tensin homolog gene (BmPTEN), while expression of the inhibitor of apoptosis gene (BmIAP) was negatively regulated by BmβGRP4. Hence, we hypothesize that BmNPV infection might suppress BmPTEN and facilitate BmIAP to inhibit cell apoptosis by downregulating the expression of BmβGRP4 to escape host antiviral defense. Taken together, these results show that BmβGRP4 may play a role in B. mori response to BmNPV infection and lay a foundation for studying its functions.

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