scholarly journals Relaciones de complementación en toba del este de Formosa (Argentina): hacia un enfoque funcional de la subordinación

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-249
Author(s):  
Raúl Eduardo González
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Oral Narrative ◽  
Narrative Texts ◽  
Complement Clauses ◽  
Serial Verbs ◽  
Embedded Clauses ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
Definition Of

The aim of this paper is to analyze the complement relations in Toba of eastern Formosa (Argentina). We compare complement clauses with constructions which are called “symmetrical serial verbs”. They are two very close types of complex clauses since both share arguments, has two or more finite verbs and the simple juxtaposition of non-embedded clauses without any subordinators. This shows that the notion of embedding is inappropriate in a cross-linguistic perspective. We proposed functional definition of subordination that frees the notion of any specific syntactic correlate structure. In accordance with Cristófaro (2003) it will be argued that these phenomena should be explained instead in terms of the cognitive status of dependent SoAs, as defined by the Asymmetry Assumption. This research is based on a corpus composed of five hours of oral narrative texts and fifty elicited clauses collected by fieldwork carried out in Toba communities from eastern Formosa (Argentina).

Definition of the Russell-Silver Syndrome

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-310
Author(s):  
Glenn C. Szalay
Keyword(s):  
Body Asymmetry ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
Silver Syndrome ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Unilateral Cryptorchidism ◽  
Number Of Authors

Haslam et al.1 appear to accept the concept of the combined "Russell-Silver syndrome" postulated by a number of authors. I do not, and I believe that the study of craniofacial proportions allows one to differentiate three types of intrauterine drawfs (Table I).2,3 See the Table in PDF File Finally, Haslam et al.1 do not tell us what the asymmetry is in their first two patients; as an example, should unilateral ptosis or unilateral cryptorchidism qualify a patient for inclusion under the category of body asymmetry?

Two subjunctives or three?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Guajardo
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Binary Opposition ◽  
The Past ◽  
Complement Clauses ◽  
Embedded Clauses ◽  
Peninsular Spanish

Abstract This paper examines the use of the three non-periphrastic subjunctives in Spanish in embedded clauses under obligatory subjunctive predicates in the past tense in three Spanish varieties: Argentinean, Mexican and Peninsular Spanish. By means of random forest and logistic regression analyses, I demonstrate that a grammar where the two “past” subjunctives make up one group, such that the variation can be modeled on a binary opposition between (morphologically) past vs. (morphologically) present, achieves better prediction accuracy and goodness-of-fit parameters than a grammar with a three-way split. The results suggest that, at least in complement clauses of obligatory subjunctive predicates, there appear to be no semantic differences between the two past subjunctives but there are still relatively large differences in how the three subjunctive forms are used across the three Spanish varieties studied.1

The essence of serial verbs

Serial Verbs ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 237-249
Author(s):  
Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald
Keyword(s):  
Serial Verb Constructions ◽  
Grammatical Categories ◽  
Verb Constructions ◽  
Serial Verbs ◽  
Serial Verb ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter provides an integrated summary of the properties of serial verbs discussed throughout the book, and their parameters of variation. The definition of serial verbs with their characteristic properties is followed by the principles of argument sharing within serial verbs. In terms of their composition, serial verbs divide into symmetrical and asymmetrical types. There can be nesting within serial verb constructions. The two broad kinds of constructions are contrasted in terms of their semantics, order of components, and propensities towards grammaticalization or lexicalization. Contiguity and wordhood are further typological parameters of variation within serial verbs. Grammatical categories such as person of the subject, aspect, tense, modality, evidentiality, or mood, can be marked concordantly on each component, or just once per construction. Serialization can be productive or limited. It is essential to distinguish serial verbs from multi-verb sequences of other kinds. Origins and development of serial verbs are briefly summarized.

scholarly journals THE INTERSECTION OF ETHICS AND VULNERABLE ELDERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S238-S238
Author(s):  
Pamela B Teaster ◽  
Georgia Anetzberger
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Community Based Services

Abstract Researchers, practitioners and policymakers are daily confronted with multiple and competing situations regarding vulnerable older adults and the complex issues that they face in all aspects of their lives. Challenges can arise in the provision of social services, dispensing justice, conducting research, or addressing legal issues. The purpose of this symposium is to discuss dilemmas that vulnerable older adults and concerned others face by elucidating current and future challenges facing this population, particularly in the realms of compromised health (cognitive impairment); effective status (gender); care arrangements (home and community-based services); and abuse, neglect, and exploitation. Teaster and Anetzberger discuss relevant ethical theories and principles as well as a definition of vulnerability. Santos and Nichols-Hadeed report on ethical issues embedded in vulnerable elders’ cognitive status. Bowland and Halaas highlight the intersection of ethics, gender and vulnerable elders. Niles-Yokum and Beaumaster discuss the nexus of ethics and the provision of home and community based services for vulnerable older adults. Heisler considers vulnerabilities of older adults and ethical challenges when addressing elder abuse. Throughout the papers, we weave the ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice.

scholarly journals Embedded Imperatives in Kajkavian Dialects of Croatian

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-400
Author(s):  
Josip Galić
Keyword(s):  
Relative Clauses ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Internal Argument ◽  
Minimalist Approach ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Complement Clauses ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Embedded Clauses

Embedded imperatives are cross-linguistically very rare. They are attested, for instance, in modern languages such as Slovenian and High German and historical languages such as Ancient Greek and Old Scandinavian. In the literature, it has long been established that imperatives can also be embedded in some Kajkavian dialects of Croatian, but to date, this phenomenon has not been thoroughly analyzed. The paper deals with the material collected by field research and analyses it within the framework of Medeiros’ (2015) minimalist approach to embedded imperatives, according to which the embedding of imperatives is possible only in the languages in which imperative morphology does not depend on the directive operator. In the researched Kajkavian dialects, embedded imperatives can occur only in complement clauses, but older texts show that in the written language, embedded imperatives are also possible in relative clauses. Unlike many other languages in which imperatives may be embedded, in the researched Kajkavian dialects, embedding is relatively free. Both true and surrogate imperatives may be embedded, the subject of embedded clauses can be null and overt and does not necessarily have to co-refer to the internal argument of the matrix predicate.

scholarly journals Lukijat sanaston monimuotoisuutta määrittämässä

Virittäjä ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mari Honko ◽  
Scott Jarvis ◽  
Seppo Vainio
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Rating Task ◽  
Narrative Texts ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Lexical Diversity ◽  
Construct Definition ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Definition Of

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan leksikaalisen diversiteetin eli tekstin sanastollisen monimuotoisuuden rakentumista. Tavoitteena on esitellä leksikaalisen diversiteetin tutkimuksen metodiikkaa ja osoittaa sen potentiaali kielitaidon arvioinnin välineenä. Tutkimuksessa selvitetään, kuinka yksilöllisiä arvioijien käsitykset tietyn tekstin sanastollisesta monimuotoisuudesta ovat, missä määrin arvioijien käsityksiä voidaan selittää tekstien sanastollisilla piirteillä ja mitkä näistä piirteistä ovat käsitysten selittäjinä tärkeimpiä. Artikkelissa leksikaalista diversiteettiä tutkitaan tekstejä ja niiden tulkintaa vertailemalla. Aineisto koostuu koululaisten kirjoittamista kertomusteksteistä ja aikuisten lukijoiden teksteille antamista sanastollisen monimuotoisuuden arvioista. Kunkin tekstin (yht. 60) arvioi 23 arvioijaa, joiden vastausten yhdenmukaisuutta tarkasteltiin tilastollisesti. Tämän jälkeen selvitettiin tätä tutkimusta varten rakennetun tilastollisen mallin avulla, millaisiin sanastollisiin piirteisiin inhimilliset arvioijat kiinnittävät huomiota tekstien sanastollista monimuotoisuutta arvioidessaan. Tulokset osoittavat, että arvioijien käsitykset yksittäisten tekstien sanastollisesta monimuotoisuudesta ovat hyvin yhdenmukaisia (Cronbachin alfa = 0,959). Arviointien luotettavuutta lisää se, että arvioitavien tekstien suuresta määrästä huolimatta kaikki arvioijat suorittivat tehtävän loppuun saakka eikä arviointilinja olennaisesti muuttunut tehtävän aikana. Leksikaalisen diversiteetin määrittelyn kannalta on olennaista, että tekstien yksittäisistä sanastollisista muuttujista neljä riittää selittämään lähes kolme neljäsosaa (n. 73 %) arvioiden vaihtelusta. Tutkitun aineiston perusteella lukijoiden tulkinta tekstin sanastollisesta monimuotoisuudesta tukeutuu vahvasti 1) tekstin eri sanojen määrään (runsaus), 2) tietyn sanan esiintymien välisiin etäisyyksiin tekstissä (sironta), 3) sanojen laatuun (erityisyys) sekä 4) tekstin sanastolliseen tiheyteen (vaihtelevuus), joka perustuu uusien sanojen tasaiseen ilmaantumiseen tekstissä.   Readers’ perceptions of lexical diversity: Examining lexical diversity at the interface between quantitative and qualitative research This article examines the construct of lexical diversity while focusing on research methodology and the potential for lexical diversity to be used as an index of language proficiency. The study gives attention to questions of inter-rater reliability, the effects of texts’ lexical characteristics on raters’ lexical diversity ratings, and which set of features best accounts for raters’ perceptions of lexical diversity. The present study focuses on lexical diversity in Finnish, and it does this by comparing the lexical characteristics of texts with how they are perceived. The data consists of narrative texts written by school children, as well as lexical diversity ratings assigned to the same texts by adult raters. Each text (n = 60) was rated by 23 raters, whose ratings were tested statistically for inter-rater reliability. A regression model was then used to investigate which lexical features the raters relied on while assessing the texts’ levels of lexical diversity. The results show that the raters’ lexical diversity ratings were highly consistent with one another (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.959). Despite the large number of texts they were asked to rate, all raters rated each of the 60 texts, and their intra-rater consistency remained high from the beginning to the end of the rating task. The results have important implications for the construct definition of lexical diversity: of all the lexical features examined in the present study, four alone suffice to account for nearly three quarters (roughly 73%) of the variance in the ratings. The results suggest that raters’ perceptions of lexical diversity are strongly associated with 1) the number of different words in a text (abundance), 2) the intervals between occurrences of the same word (dispersion), 3) the semantic quality of individual words in the text (specialness) and 4) the overall degree of repetitiveness in the text (variety).  

THE VALUE OF FUNCTIONAL ASYMMETRY IN IMPROVING TECHNICAL AND TACTICAL TRAINING IN WOMEN’S BOXING

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Vorontsov A.I.
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Training Model ◽  
Functional Asymmetry ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Tactical Training ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

У статті розглянуто значення функціональної асиметрії та рівень впливу на побудову спеціальних рухів, які знадобляться під час навчання складно координаційних вправ та у процесі вдосконален-ня технічної та тактичної підготовки з боксу у індивідів жіночої статі. Особливо це буде актуально у молодших вікових групах жіночого боксу – дівчат та юніорок. Мета дослідження – вивчення впливу функціональної асиметрії в боксі. Матеріал і методи дослідження: теоретичний аналіз спеціальної та наукової літератури, узагальнення даних, матеріал Інтернету. Результати дослідження. Виявлено декілька видів функціональної асиметрії; нестачу літературних джерел з боксу, в яких освітлюється функціональна асиметрія в тренуванні жіночої статі, вплив функціональної асиметрії на розвиток та домінування певних фізичних якостей, особливі методичні підходи з метою усунення асиметрії, зміна функціональної асиметрії з віком та спортивним стажем, підвищення варіативних дій під час стресових ситуацій. Наголошено недоцільність визначення асиметрії тільки за домінуючою кінцівкою, а за допомогою інтегрального підходу до визначення провідних кінцівок (рука, нога) та сенсорними системами (око, вухо), що формує індивідуальний профіль асиметрії. Вплив індивідуального профі-лю асиметрії на засвоювання, вдосконалення технічних і тактичних навчальних вправ у видах спорту. Наведені приклади з різних видів спорту та спортивних єдиноборств про значення функціональної аси-метрії та її психологічний вплив на особливості підготовки. Визначені оптимальні тести для виявлення індивідуального профілю асиметрії, які доступні для проведення в зручних умовах. Визначено, що дані досліджень з функціональної асиметрії, наведені провідними вченими, будуть у нагоді для вдоскона-лення техніко-тактичної підготовки в жіночому боксі. Висновки. Перед початком вдосконалювання техніко-тактичної підготовки слід визначити індивідуальний профіль асиметрії жінки-боксера. Загаль-ні тести для визначення асиметрії слід з’єднати зі спеціальними боксерськими вправами. За результа-тами тестів слід розробити індивідуальну модель тренування для кожного індивіда на основі його ІПА, починаючи із самої молодшої вікової групи жіночого боксу –дівчат та юніорок. The article deals with the importance of functional asymmetry and the level of its influence on the construction of special movements, which will be needed during the training of complicated coordination exercises and in the process of improving the technical and tactical training in boxing in female individuals. This will be especially true for the younger age groups of women’s boxing – girls and juniors. The purpose of the research is to study the effect of functional asymmetry in boxing. Material and methods of research:theoretical analysis of special and scientific literature, generalization of materials of the Internet. Research results. Identified: several types of functional asymmetry, lack of literary sources in boxing, which highlights the functional asymmetry in the training of women, influence of functional asymmetry to the development and dominance of certain physical qualities, special methodological approaches to eliminate asymmetry, changing functional asymmetry according to the age and sports experience, increasing variable actions during stressful situations. The inexpediency of determining the asymmetry only by the dominant limb, and using an integrated approach to the definition of the leading: limbs (arm, leg) and sensory systems (eye, ear), which forms an individual profile of asymmetry. It is revealed the influence of individual asymmetry profile on the development and improvement of technical and tactical training exercises in different sports. It is given the examples of different sports and martial arts, which emphasize the importance of functional asymmetry and its psychological impact to the features of training. It has been defined the optimal tests to identify individual asymmetry profiles that are available for use in convenient conditions. It is established that the data of studies on functional asymmetry given by leading scientists can be used to improve technical and tactical training in women’s boxing. Conclusions. Before starting to improve the technical and tactical training, the individual profile of the asymmetry of the female boxer should be determined. General tests for determining asymmetry should be coupled with special boxing exercises. According to the results of the tests, it is important to develop an individual training model for each individual based on her IPA, starting with the youngest age group of women’s boxing – girls and juniors.

scholarly journals Eccentric Planets & Transit Time Variation

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (S253) ◽  
pp. 490-491
Author(s):  
David M. Kipping ◽  
Ignasi Ribas ◽  
Andreu Font-Ribera
Keyword(s):  
Transit Time ◽  
Time Variation ◽  
Extrasolar Planet ◽  
Orbital Velocity ◽  
Eccentric Orbit ◽  
Secular Changes ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractFor an extrasolar planet on an eccentric orbit, the orbital velocity is constantly changing, even during a planetary transit. This changing orbital velocity will, in general, cause lightcurve assymetry. The asymmetry causes the mid-transit time to be slightly off-centre from the halfway point between transit ingress and egress. For GJ436b, we estimate that the mid-transit time is shifted by 20 seconds. In the case of a system experiencing secular changes, this difference will lead to a long period transit time variation (L-TTV) signal, under the typical definition of the mid-transit time. In this work, we describe the origins of the effect and evaluate it in the case of GJ436b experiencing hypothetical secular changes. We predict L-TTV could be used to map secular changes in such systems.

scholarly journals The structure of complement clauses in Lunda

2006 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-32
Author(s):  
Boniface Kawasha
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Main Clause ◽  
Progressive Aspect ◽  
Temporal Reference ◽  
Bantu Languages ◽  
Syntactic Features ◽  
Complement Clauses ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Embedded Clauses

This paper provides a functional and descriptive study of complement clauses in Lunda, a language spoken in Zambia. While the structure of infinitival complement clauses is analogous to that found in many languages, other types of complement clauses present unique morpho syntactic features. Some dependent constructions are introduced by complementizers which agree in person and number with the subject of the main clause. These complementizers derive from personal possessive pronouns rather than from the verb of saying, as is the case in some Bantu languages, and they have other functions besides introducing embedded clauses. Other clauses disallow complementizers and the verb shows no temporal reference, coding either the perfect or progressive aspect. The interpretation of time in such clauses is dependent on that of the main clause.

scholarly journals Complement clauses as turn continuations

Pragmatics ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eeva-Leena Seppänen ◽  
Ritva Laury
Keyword(s):  
Subordinate Clauses ◽  
Complement Clauses ◽  
Definition Of

This paper examines the use of että-clauses in Finnish everyday conversation for extending a speaker’s turn after a possible point of turn completion for the purpose of pursuing uptake from a turn recipient. Although että-clauses are considered complements in most grammatical descriptions of Finnish, the paper questions their status as subordinate clauses. We show that they nevertheless could be considered to function as increments, as either Extensions (Glue-ons, in terms of Couper-Kuhlen & Ono, this volume) or Free Constituents. This is interesting in view of Ford, Fox & Thompson’s (2002) definition of increments as “nonmain-clause continuations after a possible point of turn completion.” We also show that what makes että-clauses ideal for the pursuit of uptake is that both as a conjunction and particle, että functions to open up the participation framework and import new voices to the conversation.

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