scholarly journals Evaluation of the toxicity characteristics of two industrial wastes valorized by geopolymerization process

DYNA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (190) ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
Carolina Martínez López ◽  
Johanna Mercedes Mejía Arcila ◽  
Janneth Torres Agredo ◽  
Ruby Mejía de Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Spent Catalyst ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Leaching Procedure

This paper evaluates the toxicity associated with two industrial wastes used as raw material of geopolymers. These wastes are fly ash (FA) and spent catalyst catalytic cracking (FCC). The residues were characterized using techniques such as XRF, XRD, SEM and laser granulometry. Two geopolymers systems based on FA-100% and FCC-100% were produced using SiO<sub>2</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> molar ratios of 6,0 and 2,4 and Na<sub>2</sub>O/SiO<sub>2</sub> of 0,20 and 0,25 respectively. The technique TCLP (Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure) was applied in order to evaluate the toxicity. Cr, V, Zn, Ni, As, Ba, Sr, Pb and Cd elements were analyzed. The results indicate that concentrations of heavy metals leachate (except V and As) are low compared with the environmental standards. The geopolymers studied are considered effective in terms of inmobilizing contaminants.

scholarly journals Leachability of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) Incorporated with Fly Ash and Bottom Ash by Using Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP)

2015 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 1271-1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aeslina Abdul Kadir ◽  
Mohd Ikhmal Haqeem Hassan ◽  
Eric Cheah Keng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure ◽  
Self Compacting Concrete ◽  
Concrete Technology ◽  
Leaching Procedure

The process of combustion in coal fired power plant generates ashes, namely fly ash (FA) and bottom ash (BA). In addition, coal ash generated from coal combustion generally contains heavy metals within their compositions. These metals are toxic to the environment as well as to the human health. Fortunately, treatment methods are available for these ashes and the use of FA and BA in concrete mix is one of the few. As such, this study presents the work in determining the leachability of self-compacting concrete (SCC) incorporated with FA and BA. The ashes were obtained from Kapar Energy Ventures power plant in Kapar, Selangor. SCC mixtures incorporated with 10%, 20% and 30% FA (replacing cement) and BA (replacing sand) respectively was formulated and casted. The samples were then crushed to be extracted using Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) and heavy metals content within the samples were identified accordingly using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). From the results, it was found that incorporation up to 30% of the ashes were safe as the leached heavy metals concentration did not exceed the regulatory levels, except for arsenic (As). On the other hand, incorporation of 20% FA and BA each in SCC provided the most economically viable product, with high strength and low leachate concentrations. In conclusion, this study will serve as a reference which suggests that FA and BA are widely applicable in concrete technology and its incorporation in SCC constitutes a potential means of adding value with appropriate mix and design.

scholarly journals Study of the Physical Behavior of a New Composite Material Based on Fly Ash from the Combustion of Coal in an Ultra-Supercritical Thermal Power Plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Mustapha El Kanzaoui ◽  
Chouaib Ennawaoui ◽  
Saleh Eladaoui ◽  
Abdelowahed Hajjaji ◽  
Abdellah Guenbour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Polymerization Reaction ◽  
High Performance Composite

Given the amount of industrial waste produced and collected in the world today, a recycling and recovery process is needed. The study carried out on this subject focuses on the valorization of one of these industrial wastes, namely the fly ash produced by an ultra-supercritical coal power plant. This paper describes the use and recovery of fly ash as a high percentage reinforcement for the development of a new high-performance composite material for use in various fields. The raw material, fly ash, comes from the staged combustion of coal, which occurs in the furnace of an ultra-supercritical boiler of a coal-fired power plant. Mechanical compression, thermal conductivity, and erosion tests are used to study the mechanical, thermal, and erosion behavior of this new composite material. The mineralogical and textural analyses of samples were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). SEM confirmed the formation of a new composite by a polymerization reaction. The results obtained are very remarkable, with a high Young’s modulus and a criterion of insulation, which approves the presence of a potential to be exploited in the different fields of materials. In conclusion, the composite material presented in this study has great potential for building material and could represent interesting candidates for the smart city.

scholarly journals Comparison of mechanical properties of geopolymers from different raw materials with the addition of waste glass

2021 ◽  
pp. 252-261
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Alkali Activation ◽  
Compressive And Flexural Strengths

The combustion of fossil fuels results in creating a lot of solid wastes such as fly ash and slag. However, these environmentally unfriendly materials can be used as a raw material for alkali activation – geopolymerization. Although these wastes have been successfully used in industrial production for several decades, its use does not achieve the level of its potential. Today, to achieve a sustainable construction industry, alternative cement has been extensively investigated. Geopolymer (GP) is a kind of material that is obtained from the alkaline activator, and it can be produced from industrial wastes or by-products. The aim of this work was to describe the improvement of mechanical properties of alkali-activated binders – geopolymers made of fly ash and blast furnace slag. The effect of the addition of waste glass in three different values feed into fly ash or GGBFS, and its impact on mechanical properties (compressive and flexural strengths) of geopolymers was examined. The highest value of compressive strength was achieved with 20% waste glass addition to a fly ash sample on 90th day 58,9 MPa. The waste glass was added in the form of broken and crushed glass particles.

scholarly journals Study on immobilization of diatomite, Ca(H2PO4)2, CaCO3, HAP and nano-HAP for heavy metal contaminated sediment

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 370-381
Author(s):  
Zhibin Zhang ◽  
Xianhui Shi ◽  
Yanhao Zhang ◽  
Shengrui Wang ◽  
Meng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Contaminated Sediments ◽  
Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure ◽  
Contaminated Sediment ◽  
Blank Group ◽  
Extraction Test ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Leaching Procedure

Abstract The immobilization performances of Diatomite, Ca(H2PO4)2, CaCO3, Hydroxyapatite (HAP) and Nano-HAP (n-HAP) for Zn, Mn, Pb, and Cd contaminated sediments were investigated by immobilization experiments and evaluated by the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) extraction test, toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP). The result of BCR indicated that HAP and Nano-HAP (n-HAP) had a better immobilization effect on metal contaminated sediments, and the residual fractions of Zn, Mn, Pb, and Cd increased from 30.4, 31.9, 55.49 and 54.27% to 36, 39, 72, and 57%, respectively. The order for immobilized effects of additive was: n-HAP &gt; HAP &gt; CaCO3 &gt; Ca(H2PO4)2 &gt; diatomite. However, the cost-effectiveness of HAP was slightly higher than that of n-HAP, so HAP was more suitable for immobilization of heavy metals in sediment. The TCLP test showed that with HAP as immobilization the leaching amount was reduced by approximately 76, 28, 78, and 85% for Zn, Mn, Pb, and Cd, respectively, compared to the blank group. The results also proved that HAP would be an effective and economical agent for immobilizing heavy metals in sediment, with the optimum mass dosage of 10% (the mass ratios of HAP/sediment (dry weight)) of the sediment.

Sintered Artificial Aggregate with New Correction Raw Materials

2015 ◽  
Vol 1124 ◽  
pp. 177-182
Author(s):  
Vit Cerný
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
By Products

Combustion of coal creates a high amount of by-products in heat power plants. The largest share occupies fly ash as solid mineral residuals. Global pressure grows currently for the use of energy by-products. Utilization as a raw material for production of artificial sintered aggregate is one of the ways to make optimal use of even low-quality fly ash. Environmental and economic reasons lead currently to trying to upgrade the technology, which will fully use of the principle of self-sintering process based on content of combustible substances.The amount of combustible substances is today increasing by coal as a primary and finite resource. There is also best way for utilization of industrial wastes that contain a suitable share of combustible substances for ensure the smooth running of sintering.The paper deals with laboratory verification of selected industrial wastes as a correction component in the sintered aggregate production technology. As an alternative raw materials were selected coal tailings, sludge from paper industry, sludge from waste water treatment plant and fly ash from municipal waste incineration plant. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of corrective components to the quality of the resulting sintered aggregates.

scholarly journals Speciation and environmental risk of heavy metals in biochars produced by pyrolysis of chicken manure and water-washed swine manure

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andong Wang ◽  
Dongsheng Zou ◽  
Xinyi Zeng ◽  
Bin Chen ◽  
Xiaochen Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Metal Toxicity ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure ◽  
Leaching Procedure

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the speciation, bioavailability and environmental risk of heavy metals (HMs) in chicken manure (CM) and water-washed swine manure (WSM) and their biochars produced at different pyrolysis temperatures (200 to 800 °C). As the pyrolysis temperature increased, the remaining proportion, toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), HCl and diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) of HMs gradually declined. This result proved that the speciation of HMs in chicken manure biochars (CMB) and water-washed swine manure biochars (WSMB) was influenced by pyrolysis temperature. The proportions of stable fractions were enhanced with increased pyrolysis temperature and weakened the HM validity for vegetation at 800 °C. Finally, the results of the risk assessment showed that the environmental risk of HMs in CMB and WSMB decreased with increasing pyrolysis temperature. Therefore, pyrolysis at 800 °C can provide a practical approach to lessen the initial and underlying heavy metal toxicity of CMB and WSMB to the environment.

scholarly journals Durability Experiences on the Traditional and SCM Founded Blended Concrete

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Eti Tirumala Chakrapani ◽  
◽  
A M N Kashyap ◽  
G Anjaneyulu ◽  
M R Manikanta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Chemical Admixtures ◽  
Cement Manufacture ◽  
Furnace Slag

Concrete might be the maximum substantially used construction material in the global with approximately six billion tones being produced each year. It is best subsequent to water in phrases of in keeping with-capita consumption. However, environmental sustainability is at stake both in terms of damage due to the extraction of raw material and CO2 emission all through cement manufacture. This brought pressures on researchers for the discount of cement intake by means of partial substitute of cement by using supplementary materials. These materials may be obviously happening, industrial wastes or by way of-products that are less energy extensive. Fly ash and Ground Granulated Burnt Slag (GGBS) are selected specifically based totally on the standards of fee and their long lasting qualities., Not best this, Environmental pollution also can be decreased to a point due to the fact the emission of dangerous gases like carbon monoxide & carbon dioxide are very restricted. These substances (referred to as pozzalonas) when combined with calcium hydroxide, reveals cementitious compositions. Most commonly used pozzalonas are fly ash, silica fume, met kaolin, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). This wishes to look at the admixtures performance whilst combined with concrete so as to ensure a discounted existence cycle fee. The present research consists of three phases and reports the specializes in investigating characteristics of M35grade concrete .In the 1st phase the behavior of standard and SCM concrete (7.5%FA and 7.5%GGBS) of M35 grade specimens with different percentages of chemical admixtures curing with acids such as HCL. 2nd phase the same grade of specimens curing with Alkaline such as NaOH and in the 3rd phase the same grade of specimens curing with sulphate solution MgSO4 and finally assess the losses of mechanical properties and durability considerations of the concrete due to these conditions were reported.

Leaching Characteristics of Heavy Metals by TCLP Method in the Urban Soils of Quanzhou City

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 647-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Lian Yu ◽  
Ping Ping Mao ◽  
Gong Ren Hu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Urban Soils ◽  
The United States ◽  
Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Leaching Characteristics ◽  
Functional Areas ◽  
Total Concentrations ◽  
Leaching Procedure

The available concentrations of heavy metals in the urban soils from different functional areas of Quanzhou city were determined using the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The available concentrations of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sn, Sb and Pb were 0.02–0.30, 0.02–0.20, 0.02–0.60, 14-500, 1.30-351, 0.10-2.40, 0.14-8.60, 0.30-50, 1.90-180, 0.06-0.60, 0.02-0.86, 0.02-8.0, 0.02-8.0 and 0.38-102 mg/kg, respectively. The extractable proportions of heavy metals were relatively low compared to their total concentrations, with the order of the extracted ratios of Cu (18.0%) > Mn (15.4%) > Ni (12.2%) > Sb (11.3%) > Zn (11.0%) > Cd (9.2%) > Co (8.9%) > Sn (3.6%) > Pb (3.1%) > As (1.9%) > Cr (0.8%) > Fe (0.2%) > V (0.1%) > Ti (0.0%).

The Particle Size Distribution, Gross Contents of Heavy Metals and its Leaching Behavior of Fly Ash from Municipal Solid Wastes Incineration of Chongqing

2011 ◽  
Vol 414 ◽  
pp. 166-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si Chen Liu ◽  
Chang Sheng Jiang ◽  
Qing Ju Hao ◽  
Qing Ling Li ◽  
Yan Shi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Waste Incinerator ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Mswi Fly Ash ◽  
Heavy Metal Leaching ◽  
Leaching Procedure

The distributions in different particle sizes of municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) fly ash in spring and autumn were studied by sieve method, and the heavy metal contents of Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr and Hg in different size particles were measured, and the heavy metal leaching amount in the different particle size were also studied under the GB5085.3-2007 and USEPA-TCLP leaching procedure, respectively. The results showed that the particle size of fly ash in autumn was relatively smaller than that of in spring, more than 90% of particle size of fly ash in spring and autumn were less than 250 μm, and the particle size in 83-105 μm of fly ash in spring distributes in most with about 40% of the total, but 105-149 μm in autumn distributes in most, accounted for about 45% of the total. The content of heavy metals decreased first and then increased with the decreasing particle sizes except for Ni, and the content of heavy metals in the spring is higher than that of in autumn except for Fe and Zn. Under the GB5085.3-2007 leaching procedure, the leaching content of Cu, Zn and Ni in MSWI fly ash in both spring and autumn and Cr in spring were not beyond limited standard, but Pb and Cd in both spring and autumn and Cr in autumn were beyond limited standard. However, under TCLP leaching procedure, the leaching content of Pb, Cr and Cd in both spring and autumn were beyond the standard limits.

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