Steganography applied in the origin claim of pictures captured by drones based on chaos

In this work, steganography is implemented in photographs captured by an unmanned aerial vehicle (drone), with the purpose of adding an identifier that indicates which device they are taken from so it works for the recovery of the origin. In the system, a new technique that modifies the least significant bit (LSB) is applied, using a mathematical model to generate the chaotic orbits, one of the parts selects the RGB channel (Red, Green or Blue) where the LSB is changed and the other is implemented to calculate the random position of the sub pixel to be modified in the selected channel. In addition, a comparison between the bit to be hidden and the LSB of the pixel of the image is performed to verify if it is not necessary to modify it, which lessens the alterations in the container image. It is a tool to capture photos remotely with the Ar.Drone 2.0, with the features needed to perform an analysis that uses correlation diagrams and histograms to verify if the integrity of the message is guaranteed or if changes in the stego-image are visible to the naked eye. On the other hand, a test was done on the Baboon image to compare the robustness of the proposed system with other investigations, evaluating the correlation, contrast, energy, homogeneity, MSE, PSNR and quality index. The results generated were compared with the work of other authors concluding our system provides greater security, integrity, high sensitivity to the keys, it is not linked to a single chaotic system and can be applied to hide imperceptibly all kinds of information, in: radiographs, videos, files, official documents, and other types of containers.

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An Adaptive Image Steganography Technique Using LSB and MSB

IARS' International Research Journal ◽

10.51611/iars.irj.v3i1.2013.26 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lakkshmanan Ajanthaa ◽

Puja Dharia ◽

Fairy Gandhi

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Secure Communication ◽

The Other ◽

Cover Image ◽

Least Significant Bit ◽

Hidden Information ◽

Media Image ◽

Secret Information ◽

Naked Eye ◽

Essential Properties

IN modern years Steganography is playing a significant role in secure communication. It is a technique of embedding secret information into cover media (image, video, audio and text) such that only the sender and the authoritative receiver can detect the occurrence of hidden information. The two essential properties of Steganography are good visual imperceptibility of the payload which is crucial for security of hidden communication and payload is essential for conveying huge quantity of secret information. Steganography has to satisfy two requirements, one is capability and the other is transparency. Capability means embedding large payload into media. Transparency means an ability to prevent distinction between stego and cover image by statistical analysis. Earlier they have used least significant bit (LSB), the simplest form of Steganography. In LSB method, data is inserted in the least significant bit which leads to a negligible change on the cover image that is not visible to the naked eye. Since this method can be easily cracked, it is more exposed to attacks. In the proposed system we propose Spatial Domain Steganography using 1-Bit Most Significant Bit (MSB) with confused manner.

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Experimentalism as a Tool of Economic Innovation in Germany

German Politics & Society ◽

10.3167/104503001782486362 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 1-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Wade Jacoby ◽

Martin Behrens

Keyword(s):

Industrial Relations ◽

Information Gathering ◽

Wage Bargaining ◽

The Other ◽

Social Partner ◽

Social Actor ◽

Comparative Political Economy ◽

System A ◽

German Model ◽

Economic Innovation

Our purpose in this article is to analyze changes in the German wagebargaining system, a system that has attracted enormous attentionfrom scholars of comparative political economy and comparativeindustrial relations. We argue that the wage bargaining portion ofthe German model is neither frozen in place, headed for deregulation,nor merely “muddling through.” Rather, we see the institutionalcapacities of the key actors—especially the unions and employerassociations—making possible a process we term “experimentalism.”In briefest form, experimentalism allows organizations that combinedecentralized information-gathering abilities with centralized decision-making capacity to probe for new possibilities, which, oncefound, can be quickly diffused throughout the organization. We willshow that the capacity for such experimentalism varies across actorsand sectors. And, to make things even tougher, neither major Germansocial actor can sustain innovation in the longer term withoutbringing along the other “social partner.”

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Sensitivity Analysis of Bistatic Scattering for Soil Moisture Retrieval

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13020188 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 188

Author(s):

Tingting Li ◽

Irena Hajnsek ◽

Kun-Shan Chen

Keyword(s):

Sensitivity Analysis ◽

Soil Moisture ◽

Quality Index ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Bare Soil ◽

Sensitivity Index ◽

Scattering Coefficients ◽

Observation Systems ◽

Bistatic Scattering ◽

Scattering Response

Soil moisture is one of the vital environmental variables in the land–atmosphere cycle. A study of the sensitivity analysis of bistatic scattering coefficients from bare soil at the Ku-band is presented, with the aim of deepening our understanding of the bistatic scattering features and exploring its potential in soil moisture retrieval. First, a well-established advanced integral method was adopted for simulating the bistatic scattering response of bare soil. Secondly, a sensitivity index and a normalized weight quality index were proposed to evaluate the effect of soil moisture on the bistatic scattering coefficient in terms of polarization and angular diversity, and the combinations thereof. The results of single-polarized VV data show that the regions with the maximum sensitivity and high quality index, simultaneously, to soil moisture are in the forward off-specular direction. However, due to the effect of surface roughness and surface autocorrelation function (ACF), the single-polarized data have some limitations for soil moisture inversion. By contrast, the results of two different polarization combinations, as well as a dual-angular simulation of one transmitter and two receivers, show significant estimation benefits. It can be seen that they all provide better ACF suppression capabilities, larger high-sensitivity area, and higher quality indices compared to single-polarized estimation. In addition, dual polarization or dual angular combined measurement provides the possibility of retrieving soil moisture in backward regions. These results are expected to contribute to the design of future bistatic observation systems.

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Pulsed Electromagnetic Cross-Well Exploration for Monitoring Permafrost and Examining the Processes of Its Geocryological Changes

Geosciences ◽

10.3390/geosciences11020060 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 60

Author(s):

Viacheslav Glinskikh ◽

Oleg Nechaev ◽

Igor Mikhaylov ◽

Kirill Danilovskiy ◽

Vladimir Olenchenko

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Geophysical Methods ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Data Interpretation ◽

Industrial Facilities ◽

Wide Range ◽

Vector Finite Element ◽

A New Technique ◽

Pulsed Electromagnetic

This paper is dedicated to the topical problem of examining permafrost’s state and the processes of its geocryological changes by means of geophysical methods. To monitor the cryolithozone, we proposed and scientifically substantiated a new technique of pulsed electromagnetic cross-well sounding. Based on the vector finite-element method, we created a mathematical model of the cross-well sounding process with a pulsed source in a three-dimensional spatially heterogeneous medium. A high-performance parallel computing algorithm was developed and verified. Through realistic geoelectric models of permafrost with a talik under a highway, constructed following the results of electrotomography field data interpretation, we numerically simulated the pulsed sounding on the computing resources of the Siberian Supercomputer Center of SB RAS. The simulation results suggest the proposed system of pulsed electromagnetic cross-well monitoring to be characterized by a high sensitivity to the presence and dimensions of the talik. The devised approach can be oriented to addressing a wide range of issues related to monitoring permafrost rocks under civil and industrial facilities, buildings, and constructions.

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Hedley Bull, states systems and international societies

Review of International Studies ◽

10.1017/s0260210500113701 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 147-153 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Adam Watson

Keyword(s):

International Relations ◽

International Society ◽

The Other ◽

Common Values ◽

System A ◽

Common Interests ◽

Hedley Bull ◽

Regular Contact

Hedley Bull's contribution to the theory of international relations is considerable; and nowhere more acute than in the distinction which he made between the concept of a system of states and that of an international society. His definitive formulation is set out in Chapter I of The Anarchical Society. ‘Where states are in regular contact with one another, and where in addition there is interaction between them sufficient to make the behaviour of each a necessary element in the calculations of the other, then we may speak of their forming a system.’ ‘A society of states (or international society) exists when a group of states, conscious of certain common interests and common values, form a society in the sense that they conceive themselves to be bound by a common set of rules in their relations with one another, and share in the working of common institutions.’

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Detection of the low-density-lipoprotein receptor with biotin-low-density lipoprotein. A rapid new method for ligand blotting

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj2290785 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 229 (3) ◽

pp. 785-790 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

D P Wade ◽

B L Knight ◽

A K Soutar

Keyword(s):

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Ldl Receptor ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Receptor Protein ◽

Low Density ◽

Very Low Density Lipoproteins ◽

Cell Extracts ◽

Density Lipoprotein Receptor ◽

A New Technique

A new technique has been developed to identify low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) receptors on nitrocellulose membranes, after transfer from SDS/polyacrylamide gels, by ligand blotting with biotin-modified LDL. Modification with biotin hydrazide of periodate-oxidized lipoprotein sugar residues does not affect the ability of the lipoprotein to bind to the LDL receptor. Bound lipoprotein is detected with high sensitivity by a streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex, and thus this method eliminates the need for specific antibodies directed against the ligand. The density of the bands obtained is proportional to the amount of pure LDL receptor protein applied to the SDS/polyacrylamide gel, so that it is possible to quantify LDL receptor protein in cell extracts. Biotin can be attached to other lipoproteins, for example very-low-density lipoproteins with beta-mobility, and thus the method will be useful in the identification and isolation of other lipoprotein receptors.

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A Balloon Sounding Technique for Measuring SO2 Plumes

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology ◽

10.1175/2010jtecha1436.1 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 27 (8) ◽

pp. 1318-1330 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Gary A. Morris ◽

Walter D. Komhyr ◽

Jun Hirokawa ◽

James Flynn ◽

Barry Lefer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Detection Limit ◽

Laboratory Tests ◽

Field Experience ◽

Electrochemical Cell ◽

The Other ◽

New Technique ◽

A New Technique

Abstract This paper reports on the development of a new technique for inexpensive measurements of SO2 profiles using a modified dual-ozonesonde instrument payload. The presence of SO2 interferes with the standard electrochemical cell (ECC) ozonesonde measurement, resulting in −1 molecule of O3 reported for each molecule of SO2 present (provided [O3] > [SO2]). In laboratory tests, an SO2 filter made with CrO3 placed on the inlet side of the sonde removes nearly 100% of the SO2 present for concentrations up to 60 ppbv and remained effective after exposure to 2.8 × 1016 molecules of SO2 [equivalent to a column ∼150 DU (1 DU = 2.69 × 1020 molecules m−2)]. Flying two ECC instruments on the same payload with one filtered and the other unfiltered yields SO2 profiles, inferred by subtraction. Laboratory tests and field experience suggest an SO2 detection limit of ∼3 pbb with profiles valid from the surface to the ozonopause [i.e., ∼(8–10 km)]. Two example profiles demonstrate the success of this technique for both volcanic and industrial plumes.

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New Perspectives for SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Detection

Coronaviruses ◽

10.2174/2666796702666210308114737 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 02 ◽

Author(s):

Latifa Khattabi ◽

Mustapha Mounir Bouhenna ◽

Feriel Sellam

Keyword(s):

Rapid Detection ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

The Other ◽

Host Cells ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Human Immune System ◽

Virus Attachment ◽

Testing Procedures ◽

Diagnostic Kits ◽

Human Immune

: The present paper elucidates the conceivable application of two key molecules in SARS-CoV-2 detection of suspected infected persons. These molecules were selected from the basis of ACE-2 and S protein strong interaction that allows virus attachment to its host cells, on the other hand specific immunocompetant effectors generated by human immune system during the infection. Several testing procedures are already used to diagnose SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly RT-PCR technique. ELISA and LFIA are possible assays for the employment of shACE-2/ hAc-anti-S (the molecules of interest) as the main agents of the test and confer a dual principal functions (capture and detection). The future diagnostic kits involving shACE-2 and hAc-anti-S will have the particularity of high sensitivity and rapid detection in addition to its advantage of relatively easy conception. It could be largely considered as a technical advanced kits in regards to the current SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic immunoassays.

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System to Safeguard the Identity of Persons in Photographs through Cryptography and Steganography Techniques Using Chaos

Security and Communication Networks ◽

10.1155/2018/4853134 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Octavio Flores Siordia ◽

Juan Carlos Estrada Gutiérrez ◽

Carlos Eduardo Padilla Leyferman ◽

Jorge Aguilar Santiago ◽

Maricela Jiménez Rodríguez

Keyword(s):

High Sensitivity ◽

Encryption Algorithm ◽

Coding System ◽

Secret Key ◽

Least Significant Bit ◽

Large Space ◽

Plain Text ◽

Chaotic Orbits ◽

Diffusion Technique ◽

Plain Image

Safeguarding the identity of people in photographs or videos published through social networks or television is of great importance to those who do not wish to be recognized. In this paper, a face detecting and coding system is designed with the goal of solving this problem. Mathematical models to generate chaotic orbits are deployed. One of them applies the diffusion technique to scramble the pixels of each face while another implements the confusion technique to alter the relation between plain text and ciphered text. Afterward, another two orbits are utilized for the steganography technique to modify the least significant bit (LSB) to conceal data that would allow authorized users to decipher the faces. To verify the robustness of the proposed encryption algorithm, different tests are performed with the Lena standard image, such as correlation diagrams, histograms, and entropy. In addition, occlusion, noise, and plain image attacks are performed. The results are compared with those of other works, and the proposed system provided high sensitivity at secret key and a large space for the encryption keys, good speed for ciphering, disorder in the cryptogram, security, data integrity, and robustness against different attacks.

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Method for the Quantification of Alginate in Microcapsules

Cell Transplantation ◽

10.1177/096368979300200511 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 2 (5) ◽

pp. 429-436 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Jean-Pierre Hallé ◽

Danielle Landry ◽

Alain Fournier ◽

Michèle Beaudry ◽

Francois A. Leblond

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Alkaline Medium ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Sodium Concentration ◽

The Other ◽

Sensitive Assay ◽

Reliable Measurement ◽

Alginate Concentration ◽

Other Substances ◽

Alginate Content

Alginate is a key reagent in the preparation of microcapsules for cell transplantation. To address the question of the intracapsular alginate concentration, a sensitive assay has been developed to quantify the alginate content of microcapsules. The method is based on the metachromatic change induced by alginate binding to the dye, 1,9-dimethyl methylene blue (DMMB). The assay has a high sensitivity and precision. It covers a wide concentration range enabling the measurement of alginate in dilute supernatants as well as in microcapsules. For the latter, the membrane is initially dissolved by incubating the microcapsules in an alkaline medium. The effect of potentially interfering substances (poly-l-lysine (PLL), citrate, chloride, sodium) and of pH has been studied. Poly-l-lysine interfered with the assay at pH 6.5 but not at pH 13. Interference by sodium augmented with increasing sodium concentration and reached a plateau at 200 mM. This problem was overcome by routinely adjusting all samples to 500 mM sodium. The other substances tested had a negligible effect on the assay. The reliable measurement of alginate with this new assay will allow the optimization of the intracapsular alginate concentration.

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