scholarly journals Effect of altitude and defoliation frequency in the quality and growth of Kikuyu grass (Cenchrus clandestinus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 9121-9130
Author(s):  
Miguel Alejandro Escobar Charry ◽  
Edgar Alberto Cardenas Rocha ◽  
Juan Evangelista Carulla Fornaguera
Keyword(s):  
Lower Altitude ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Nutrient Yield ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Kikuyu Grass ◽  
Defoliation Frequency ◽  
Leaf Appearance

This study aimed at determining the nutritional efficiency of Kikuyu grass, when it is cultivated at different altitudes and defoliated with a different number of leaves per tiller. Four farms, with Kikuyu crops (Cenchrus clandestinus), were selected, two in an average altitude of 2,552 m.a.s.l. and two in average altitude of 2,914 m.a.s.l. In each farm, there were established eight plots of 4 m2 each (four treatments, two replicates). For 10 months, the pastures were defoliated when they presented 4, 5, 6, and 7 leaves per tiller (treatments) at 5 cm above ground when 90% of the tillers reached the number of leaves corresponding to each treatment. Data were analyzed as serial experiments using a completely randomized block (farms) design with an analysis of variance. The leaf appearance interval was higher for the highest altitude (8 vs. 10 days) but vary among treatments at a lower altitude (P<0.05). Pastures at higher altitudes were shorter (8.9 vs. 13.5 cm), but its height varied among treatments depending on the altitude (P<0.001). The quality of the pastures was similar, except for the ones with seven leaves per tiller at 2,552 m.a.s.l. that had less protein and in vitro dry matter digestibility (P<0.01). The nutrient yield was higher for the pastures cultivated at 2,552 m.a.s.l. (P<0.001), and, at this altitude, pastures defoliated with five leaves had the largest nutrient yield. The Kikuyu cultivated at higher altitudes grows slowly and yield fewer nutrients independently of the number of leaves per tiller.

scholarly journals Nutritional value of sorghum silages

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Marielly Maria Almeida Moura ◽  
Daniel Ananias de Assis Pires ◽  
Renê Ferreira Costa ◽  
Daniella Cangussú Tolentino ◽  
João Paulo Sampaio Rigueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
High Participation ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes

 This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional characteristics and quality of silages of five sorghum genotypes, namely: Volumax, AG2005E, Qualimax, BRS610 and AG2501. The study was conducted at the Experimental Farm Unimontes, in the municipality of Janaúba, state of Minas Gerais. The treatments were distributed in a randomized block design with four replicates. Data were tested by analysis of variance andmeans were compared by Scott-Knott test at a significance level of 5%. The pH values ranged from 3.93 and 4.10. Genotypes differed in all studied nutritional characteristics (p < 0.05). For the acid detergent fiber, differences were detected between the genotypes, AG2501 (35.66%), Volumax (34.89%), AG2005E (34.53%), Qualimax (32.39%) and BRS610 (33.60%). The high participation of lignin was verifiedin all genotypes except for Volumax (4.14%). All silages were within the recommended range 50-65% for in vitro dry matter digestibility and classified as having good quality, however only the AG2005E genotype met nitrogen requirements for microbial fermentation, with 7.06% crude protein. 

scholarly journals Frecuencias de corte y niveles de fertilización nitrogenada en rendimiento y calidad del forrraje de morera (Morus sp.), en Cuyuta, Guatemala

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Carlos Rodríguez ◽  
Juan A. Quiñones ◽  
Rodrigo Arias
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Dual Purpose Cattle ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Cutting Height

The trial was conducted at the Centro de Producción Agrícola of ICfA in Cuyuta, Escuintla-Guatemala in order to generate information on the yield and quality of edible mulberry (Morus sp.) roughage treatments consisted of three harvest frequencies (6; 9 and 12 weeks and three fertilization levels of nitrogen (0.40 and 80 kg/ha). A complete randomized block experimental design, with a factorial arrangement (3x3) was used. The cutting height was 0.3 m above the ground level with two sequencies: from August 2nd to September 13 th and from September 13th to December 6th, 1990. In both cases, the 12 week frequency cutting and 80 kg of N were superior to the others (P<=0.01), yielding 6.87 and 6.15 t/ha of dry matter respectively. The yields at 9 weeks were statistically higher than those at 6 weeks. The highest protein percentage of the whole plant, leaves and stalks were produced at 6 weeks. The dry matter digestibility values in vitro showed little variability among treatments, with averages for whole plants, leaves and stalks of 65, 91 and 41 %, respectively. The preceeding data suggests that the mulberry has an excellent potential as a balanced supplement (protein and energy) for dual purpose cattle on the Southern coast of Guatemala.

scholarly journals Chemical characteristics, aerobic stability, and microbiological counts in corn silage re-ensiled with bacterial inoculant

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1045-1052
Author(s):  
Mateus Merlo Coelho ◽  
Lúcio Carlos Gonçalves ◽  
José Avelino Santos Rodrigues ◽  
Kelly Moura Keller ◽  
Gustavo Vinícius de Souza dos Anjos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Whole Plant

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of re-ensiling and bacterial inoculation on the quality of corn silage. The experiment was carried out in a 2x2 factorial design with or without inoculant (association of Lactobacillus plantarum and Propionibacterium acidipropionici), and with re-ensiling after 36 hours of aerobic exposure or only ensiling of the whole plant of 'BRS 1055' corn. The fermentative quality, nutritional parameters, dry matter losses, aerobic stability, and microbiological counts of silages were evaluated. Re-ensiling caused an increase of pH and in acetic acid and propionic acid concentrations, as well as in the dry matter (DM), crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber crude protein contents. Conversely, there was a reduction in the nonfiber carbohydrates concentration and in in vitro dry matter digestibility for the re-ensiled material. All changes were explained by the higher-effluent production and DM loss of re-ensiled material that was subjected to two compactions. Microbiology was not altered by the treatments. The use of inoculant altered ash content, but it did not influence other parameters. In contrast, re-ensiling after 36 hours of aerobic exposure caused a reduction in the nutritive value of corn silage and accentuated the DM losses.

effect of treating wheat straw with sodium hydroxide and calcium oxide alone or in combination with hydrogen peroxide on the in Vitro dry matter digestibility

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 119-119
Author(s):  
A. S. Chaudhry ◽  
E. L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Farm Scale

That alkali treatments can improve the nutritional quality of poor quality roughages has long been established (Sundstol and Owen, 1984). However, their effectiveness is limited by their potential hazards to the animals and mankind. Alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) has recently emerged as a possible substitute (Gould, 1985) but its farm scale application is limited by the need for high amounts of chemicals and water. Lack of any information regarding its effectiveness over NaOH alone is another factor which requires further investigation. The present study was, therefore, planned to assess the effectiveness of pH-regulated (11.5±0.2) H2O2 (AHP) in improving the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of wheat straw (WS, Avalon) under different laboratory conditions. The possibility of using CaO on its own or to regulate pH for AHP was also tested.

scholarly journals Nutritional quality of kermes oak (<i>Quercus coccifera</i> L.) acorns as affected by altitude in a typical Mediterranean area

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos N. Roukos ◽  
Zoi M. Parissi ◽  
Apostolos P. Kyriazopoulos ◽  
Eleni M. Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Quercus Coccifera ◽  
Lower Altitude ◽  
Altitudinal Zone ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Kermes Oak

Abstract. The impact of altitudinal zone on the nutritional quality of kermes oak (Quercus coccifera L.) acorns was assessed in Xirovouni Mountain shrublands in northwestern Greece. Whole acorns were collected during autumn 2011 from 15 sites located at three altitudinal zones (i.e. lower, middle, upper). Kermes oak acorn samples were manually separated into kernel and hull and analysed for chemical composition (crude protein, CP; neutral detergent fibre, NDF; acid detergent fibre, ADF; lignin), in vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility (IVDMD), in vitro NDF digestibility (IVNDFD), digestible energy (DE), and minerals (i.e. Ca, P, K, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu). Altitude had a negative correlation with CP, IVDMD, and IVNDFD and positively correlated to cell wall contents in both kernel and hull. Acorns growing under higher temperatures (at lower altitude) have more digestible cell wall compared to acorns growing under lower temperatures (at higher altitude) due to increased CP content and decreased cell wall content. It seems that environmental factors affect the nutritional value of acorns. Thus, goat farmers should take this into account when collecting acorns to feed their animals.

Effects of Grain Formation on Dry Matter Distribution and Forage Quality in Maize

1976 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Bunting
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Matter Distribution ◽  
Dry Matter Distribution ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Grain Formation ◽  
Final Harvest

SUMMARYPost-anthesis trends in yield and forage quality of dry matter in components of the maize shoot were studied in experiments with barren and fertile plants grown at 10 plants/m2. In fertile plants, which had a maximum shoot DW 6 or 7% higher than barren ones, the stems (including leaf sheaths) yielded 5 t/ha (42% shoot DW) 30 days after flowering, declining to 3·5 t/ha (26% DW) at final harvest 60 days later. During this period the ear increased by more than 4 t/ha, from 23 to 50% of shoot DW, whereas in barren plants there was little change in DM distribution, with the stem representing about 48% shoot DW, leaf and husk together 40–45% and the ear (rachis only) less than 10%. DM percentage of shoots was similar in barren and fertile plants until maximum DW was attained about 60 days after flowering, after which fertile plants dried more rapidly. In vitro dry matter digestibility was as high in barren as in fertile plants, and the analytical data on forage quality do not suggest that it was positively associated with grain content.

The influence of weather on the quality of tropical legume pasture during the dry season in northern Australia. III. Effects of digestibility and chemical composition

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 573 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL McCown ◽  
BH Wall
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Dry Tropics

In the semi-arid tropics, accumulated shed leaf of certain pasture legumes can provide highly nutritious feed for cattle in the dry season. Previous papers in this series have dealt with the fungal spoilage of leaf of Caribbean stylo in response to dew and unseasonal rainfall and the threat to acceptability by cattle. This paper focuses on the effects of varying degrees of moulding and leaching on dry matter digestibility of leaf of this legume. Uniform leaf material of high digestibility was exposed at six locations during the dry season and samples retrieved at 4-weekly intervals. From initial values of 75%. in vitro digestibility dropped to as low as 50%. Degree of moulding, as indicated by a quantitative index of discoloration, accounted for about 80�/o of loss. Moulding was much more important than leaching. This latter finding in the winter-dry tropics contrasts with previous findings in the summer-dry Mediterranean climate.

scholarly journals Multiplikasi in vitro stroberi kultivar Tochiotome dengan penambahan jenis dan konsentrasi sitokinin untuk perbanyakan bibit

Kultivasi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ega Raisya ◽  
Denny Sobardini Sobarna ◽  
Anne Nuraini ◽  
Syariful Mubarok ◽  
Erni Suminar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Fast Time ◽  
Endogenous Auxin ◽  
Seed Technology ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Process Plants ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Sari Perbanyakan tanaman stroberi secara konvensional dilakukan dengan menggunakan stolon, tetapi kurang efektif serta kualitas bibit yang dihasilkan kurang baik akibat adanya akumulasi penyakit. Budidaya stroberi memerlukan adanya perbanyakan bibit secara massal, tetapi tidak mengubah kualitasnya. Multiplikasi in vitro menjadi solusi untuk penyediaan bibit berkualitas dalam jumlah besar. Upaya untuk mendapatkan tunas in vitro dalam jumlah banyak yakni perlu adanya penambahan zat pengatur tumbuh golongan sitokinin seperti Benzylaminopurine (BAP) atau Thidiazuron (TDZ). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui dan menetapkan jenis serta konsentrasi sitokinin dengan hasil terbaik dalam multiplikasi stroberi kultivar Tochiotome. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Tanaman, Teknologi Benih, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap yang terdiri dari tujuh perlakuan yang diulang lima kali, yaitu: Kontrol (tanpa sitokinin); BAP (0,25 ppm; 0,50 ppm; 0,75 ppm), dan TDZ (0,25 ppm; 0,50 ppm; 0,75 ppm). Hasil dari percobaan menunjukkan bahwa penambahan sitokinin tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah tunas dan bobot segar planlet. Media perlakuan kontrol dapat menghasilkan jumlah akar lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan media ditambah sitokinin. Penambahan BAP 0,50 ppm  berpengaruh positif terhadap jumlah daun dan dapat menghasilkan runner secara in vitro. Pemberian BAP 0,50 ppm cenderung dapat meningkatkan dan mempercepat produksi bibit tanaman stroberi kultivar Tochiotome.Kata Kunci: Benzylaminopurine (BAP), Thidiazuron (TDZ), Stroberi, Kultur Jaringan AbstractStolon is used for conventional propagation of strawberry, but it is less effective and the quality of the seeds is not good due to the accumulation of disease. In vitro multiplication becomes a solution for the supply of quality seeds in a fast time. The addition of growth regulator cytokinin, such as Benzylaminopurine (BAP) or Thidiazuron (TDZ) can produced the large number of shoot. The objective of this study was to obtain the best type and concentration of cytokinin in the multiplication of strawberry ‘Tochiotome’. The study was conducted at the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Seed Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with seven treatments and five replications, that were: Control (without cytokinin); BAP (0.25 ppm; 0.50 ppm; 0.75 ppm), and TDZ (0.25 ppm; 0.50 ppm; 0.75 ppm). The results indicated that addition of cytokinin did not affected increasing number of shoots and fresh weightof plantlets. Control media can produce larger number of roots than those containing PGRs, this might be due to the endogenous auxin concentrations found in strawberry plants. Also, cytokinin inhibited root formations process. Plants treated with BAP 0.50 ppm increased for the number of leaves and produced runners in vitro. This study showed application of BAP with 0.50 ppm increased and accelerated the production of strawberry ‘Tochiotome’ seedlings.Keywords: Benzylaminopurine (BAP), Thidiazuron (TDZ), Strawberry, Tissue Culture

An evaluation of the production potential of six tropical grasses under grazing. 2. Assessment of quality using variable stocking rates

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
TR Evans ◽  
JB Hacker
Keyword(s):  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Pasture Grasses ◽  
Grazing System ◽  
Setaria Sphacelata ◽  
Digitaria Eriantha ◽  
Kikuyu Grass

The potential quality of the 6 pasture grasses Setaria sphacelata var. sericea cvv. Nandi, Kazungula and Narok and var. splendida, Digitaria eriantha ssp. pentzii (pangola grass), and Pennisetum clandestinum cv. Whittet (kikuyu grass) was assessed in terms of liveweight gain of beef cattle, using a leader and follower grazing system. Pasture management was designed to provide adequate quantities of young leaf to the leaders throughout the year. This was achieved by rotational grazing and weekly adjustment of the number of followers, depending on quantity of feed available. Annual liveweight gain of the leaders (kg/steer.year) ranged from 135 (kikuyu grass) to 159 (cv. Narok) (540-636 kg/ha.year). Differences between grasses on an annual basis and over summer were not statistically significant (P = 0.12), although significant differences in liveweight gain of leaders - - - were obtained during the winter. This was associated with differences between grasses in growth at lower temperatures, and in frost tolerance. Liveweight gain of the follower group was markedly higher for pangola grass and var. splendida (272 kg/ha.year) than for the other varieties (77-140 kg/ha.year). This difference was associated with differences in number of grazing days and in the superior liveweight gain per head of followers grazing pangola grass and splendida. Liveweight gain of leaders per annum was comparable for years 1 and 2 but fell dramatically from February to August in year 3. This was associated with high rainfall, reduced solar radiation, and a decrease in in vitro digestibility of plucked leaf of all setaria varieties but not of pangola or kikuyu grasses. The relatively low liveweight gains obtained in year 3 were not associated with any overall mineral or protein deficiency.

scholarly journals Production and quality of sunflower and Paiaguas palisadegrass silage in monocropped and intercropping in different forage systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e48304
Author(s):  
Charles Barbosa dos Santos ◽  
Katia Aparecida de Pinho Costa ◽  
Wender Ferreira de Souza ◽  
Itamar Pereira de Oliveira ◽  
Daniel Augusto Alves Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Fermentative Process

The objective of this study was to evaluate dry mass production, fermentative parameters and chemical and bromatological composition of sunflower silage and Paiaguas palisadegrass silage in monocropped and intercropping in different forage systems. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks, with four replicates. The treatments consisted of silage forage systems: sunflower monocropped; Paiaguas palisadegrass monocropped; sunflower row-intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass; sunflower inter-row intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass; and sunflower oversown and intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass, totalizing 20 experimental silos. Sunflower and Paiaguas palisadegrass were harvested at 110 days after planting at 20 cm from the soil for silage, using brush cutter. The silos were opened after 53 days of fermentation. The rows and inter-row intercropped systems contributed to increase the mass production of the ensiled material. The monocropped sunflower silage had higher values of pH, ethereal extract and acid detergent fiber and lower values of titratable acidity and dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and in vitro dry matter digestibility values. The silages of the sunflower intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass in forage systems of crop-livestock integration presented better fermentative and bromatological characteristics, guaranteeing an adequate fermentative process and nutritional quality. In this way, the intercropping of these two forages potentiates the production of silage for feeding of ruminants during the period of forage shortage.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document