scholarly journals Epidemiological study of Colletotrichum spp. associated with Enterolobium cyclocarpum (Jacq.) Griseb. and Platymiscium pinnatum (Jacq.) Dugand in the Colombian Caribbean Region

2022 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian David Restrepo Leal ◽  
Deimys Friset Rada González ◽  
Alberto Rafael Páez Redondo
Keyword(s):  
Development Rate ◽  
Meteorological Variables ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
Enterolobium Cyclocarpum

Epidemiological analyzes of foliar diseases associated with Colletotrichum spp. in Enterolobium cyclocarpum and Platymiscium pinnatum  were performed under field  conditions and without any type of intervention. At the  Universidad del Magdalena (Santa Marta, Colombia), four trees for each species and four equidistant monitoring sites per tree were established. The incidence and severity were recorded for 33 weeks (March to November 2016), including two follow-up periods: dry and rainy season. Disease development curves were elaborated. Moreover, the  development rate (r) and the area under the disease  progress curve (AUDPC) were calculated for each follow-up period. The effect of the meteorological variables was  statistically analyzed by correlation and multiple regression. In E. cyclocarpum, the highest incidence and severity were recorded  between September and  November with 100 and 19.6%, respectively, showing a positive correlation with  relative humidity and negative with average temperature, solar radiation and wind speed. In P. pinnatum, the maximum values of incidence and severity were observed  between March and April with 68.9 and 1.3%, respectively. However, correlation analyzes did not support their relationship with the environmental factors. The r values during the dry months were 0.136 and 0.107 units week-1 and the AUDPCs were calculated at 51 and 4 units week-1 for E. cyclocarpum and P. pinnatum, respectively. In the rainy months, the r values were 0.187 and 0.016 units week-1 and the AUDPCs were 186 and 2 units week-1,  respectively. In conclusion, the development of the disease  varies according to the forest species, time of year and some meteorological variables.

scholarly journals Impact of meteorological factors on number of new COVID-19 cases in Pune

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 4307
Author(s):  
Saurabh Mahajan ◽  
Ravi Devarakonda ◽  
Gautam Mukherjee ◽  
Nisha Verma ◽  
Kumar Pushkar
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Meteorological Variables ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Daily Number ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Indian Meteorological Department ◽  
The Impact

Background: Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that can result in different types of illnesses, most commonly, as Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Researches have shown that the atmospheric variables and the density of population have affected the transmission of the disease. Meteorological variables like temperature, humidity among others have found to affect the rise of pandemic in positive or negative ways.  Respiratory virus illnesses have shown seasonal variability since the time they have been discovered and managed. This study investigated the relationship between the meteorological variables of temperature, humidity and precipitation in the spread of COVID-19 disease in the city of Pune.Methods: This record based descriptive study is conducted after secondary data analysis of number of new cases of COVID-19 per day from the period 01 May to 24 December 2020 in Pune. Meteorological data of maximum (Tmax), minimum (Tmin) and daily average temperature (Tavg), humidity and precipitation were daily noted from Indian meteorological department website. Trend was identified plotting the daily number of clinically diagnosed cases over time period. Pearson’s correlation was used to estimate association between meteorological variables and daily detected fresh cases of COVID-19 disease.  Results: Analysis revealed significant negative correlation (r=-0.3563, p<0.005) between daily detected number of cases and maximum daily temperature. A strong positive correlation was seen between humidity and daily number of cases (r=0.5541, p<0.005).Conclusions: The findings of this study will aid in forecasting epidemics and in preparing for the impact of climate change on the COVID epidemiology through the implementation of public health preventive measures.

scholarly journals Meteorological Variables Associated with Stroke

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romy Nocera ◽  
Philip Petrucelli ◽  
Johnathan Park ◽  
Eric Stander
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Medical Data ◽  
Meteorological Variables ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Average Temperature

To elucidate relationships between meteorological variables and incidence of stroke, we studied patients diagnosed with stroke after presenting to the emergency department (May 1, 2010–August 8, 2011). Patient demographics and medical data were reviewed retrospectively with regional meteorological data. Across 467 days, 134 stroke events were recorded on 114 days. On stroke days, maximum temperature (max T) and atmospheric pressure (AP) combined were a significant predictor of stroke (max T odds ratio (OR) = 1.014, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.003–1.026, and P=0.04; AP: OR = 1.033, 95% CI = 0.997–1.071, and P=0.02). When the patient could identify the hour of the stroke, average temperature (avg T) was significantly higher than nonstroke hours (18.2°C versus 16.16°C, P=0.04). Daily fluctuations in AP and avg T also had significant effects on stroke incidence (AP: OR = 0.629, 95% CI = 0.512–0.773, and P=0.0001; avg T OR = 1.1399, 95% CI = 1.218–606, and P=0.0001). Patient age, stroke history, body mass index, ethnicity, and sex were further contributors to stroke risk. Temperature, atmospheric pressure, and certain physiological conditions likely play roles in weather-related stroke susceptibility. The mechanisms driving these associations are not fully understood.

scholarly journals Phenological pattern reproductive of Attalea speciosa Mart ex Spreng. in pasture area in the central region of Rondônia.

FLORESTA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhonatas Cortes Rosa ◽  
Andreza Pereira Mendonça ◽  
Claudemir Carlos Ribeiro ◽  
Sylviane Beck Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Meteorological Variables ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Monthly Total Precipitation ◽  
Monthly Total ◽  
Pasture Area ◽  
Reproductive Events

The objective of this work was to evaluate the phenology of the babassu (Attalea speciosa Mart ex Spreng.), aiming to subsidize information for non - timber management of the species in pasture area. For 48 months, the phenological patterns of babassu were studied, relating them to meteorological variables such as monthly average temperature, monthly total precipitation, relative humidity of the medium air and photoperiod. A total of 130 adult palm trees from natural regeneration were monitored in a pasture in the municipality of Ji-Paraná, RO, from January 2012 to December 2015. The data were analyzed by means of the activity indexes, the relation of the phenophases and meteorological variables by means of Pearson correlation. The population synchrony index was also evaluated. During the study, the population of Attalea speciosa showed flowering asynchronously in the population. In the process of formation and maturation of the fruits of the babassu, it was possible to observe that the time of total development of the fruits was in average 254 days. In young infructescence, the most influential climatic factors were temperature and photoperiod. In the green infructescence, climatic factors such as precipitation, relative humidity and photoperiod influenced negatively. The presence of mature infructescence occurred throughout the year, with the highest intensities in the month of November, and its activity related to the increase in temperature and duration of days. Phenological monitoring of babassu allowed to identify the intensity and predictability of reproductive events, thus enabling information to be provided to the plans for the sustainable exploitation of the species in pasture in the municipality of Ji-Paraná.

Use of antibiotics in patients who were attacked by animals that can transmit rabies v1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Machado Alba
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Pharmacological Data ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
To Receive

Introduction:Animal bites have a high probability of becoming infected. In high-risk wounds, the use of antibiotics that kill the associated microorganisms is recommended. Objective: To determine the use of antibiotics in patients in different regions of Colombia who were attacked in 2020 by animals that can transmit rabies. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective follow-up study of a cohort of patients with wounds caused by animals; the patients were affiliated with the Colombian Health System. Sociodemographic, clinical and pharmacological data were collected. Results: A total of 280 patients were analyzed. The median age was 28.0 years, and 52.1% were men. The attacks were attributed to dogs (85.0%) and cats (15.0%), and 9.6% were classified as severe exposure. Antibiotics were used in 71.1% of cases for prophylaxis and in 4.3% of the cases for the treatment of superinfection; cephalexin (37.5%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (15.7%) and dicloxacillin (10.4%) were the predominant antibiotics used. A total of 72.0% of patients who received antibiotics received inadequate prescriptions, and 49.2% had no indication to receive prophylaxis. Being treated in the Caribbean region (OR:4.09; 95%CI:1.79-9.30) and receiving analgesics (OR:3.15; 95%CI:1.25-7.94) were associated with a greater probability of being prescribed antibiotics inadequately; attacks resulting in severe exposure were associated with a lower probability (OR:0.40; 95%CI:0.16-0.98). Conclusions: A significant proportion of patients had no indication for prophylactic antibiotics or were prescribed antibiotics not recommended by clinical practice guidelines. There was a low prevalence of prescriptions for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, the most recommended antibiotic.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF METEOROLOGICAL VARIABLES ON Pinus caribaea GROWTH IN DIFFERENT AGES AT THE AMAZON REGION.

FLORESTA ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Gabriel Miranda Lima de Lima ◽  
Nei Sebastião Braga Gomes ◽  
Thiago Augusto da Cunha ◽  
Afonso Figueiredo Filho
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Meteorological Variables ◽  
Pinus Caribaea ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

This study compares the impact of five meteorological variables on the diametric growth of Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis Barrett & Golfari in Vilhena, Rondônia. One thousand nine hundred sixty-eight trees were evaluated and classified at different ages: 600 trees were one year old; 600 trees were two years old; 768 trees were 13 years. The diameter measurement at the soil level (SL) was conducted in young stands between one and two years old. In the stand with 13 years old, the diameter was measured at 1.3 m (DCH). Using a Pressler borer, 50 increment cores were removed at DCH to measure the tree rings in LINTAB™ 6. The diametric growth was evaluated through the Periodic Increment (PI) for young stands and Current Annual Increment (CAI) for adult stands. The following variables were considered: average temperature (°C), precipitation (mm), solar radiation (Kj m-²), real evapotranspiration (mm), and maximum relative humidity (%). The Pearson Correlation Coefficient (r) proposed by Callegari-Jacques and the coefficient of variation (CV%) were used to establish the relationship between growth and meteorological variables. For young stands, the variables with higher positive correlation were real evapotranspiration and maximum relative humidity. However, the variable with a higher positive correlation in adult stands was average temperature, demonstrating a strong correlation until the sixth year of the species. 

scholarly journals The Caribbean’s Geotourism Potential and Challenges: A Focus on Two Islands in the Region

Geosciences ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colmore Christian
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resource ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Nature Tourism ◽  
Caribbean Islands ◽  
Tourism Product ◽  
Tourism Attractions ◽  
Commonwealth Of Dominica ◽  
Geological Formations

Geotourism is a relatively new concept in the tourism industry, a concept which apparently has not yet been formally embraced by Caribbean destinations. This paper, based primarily on a literature review supplemented by the first-hand knowledge of the author, who served for over a decade in the natural resource management and tourism sectors in the region, identifies some of the geotourism assets and assesses the geotourism potential of two selected Caribbean islands, namely the Commonwealth of Dominica and St. Lucia. Indications are that the islands of the region have outstanding geological formations, dormant and active volcanic zones and associated geomorphological features, and breath-taking terrestrial and marine landscapes, including deep river gorges and tall mountains, and beautiful beaches, which together constitute important geotourism assets. Currently, these resources are marketed and promoted as part of the region’s nature tourism attractions. The feasibility of incorporating geotourism as a component of this overall nature tourism thrust is explored in this paper. As a follow-up to this study a survey of tourism officials, natural resource professionals, and selected scientists of the region is proposed for the purpose of identifying the reasons and constraints preventing the Caribbean region from formally embracing geotourism, developing and promoting the geotourism resources of the region as a unique component of the overall tourism product.

scholarly journals Floods over the U.S. Midwest: A Regional Water Cycle Perspective

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1172-1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Dirmeyer ◽  
James L. Kinter
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
The United States ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
Regional Water

Abstract The characteristics of situations of extremely high rainfall over the midwestern region of the United States during late spring and summer are investigated from the perspective of the regional water cycle using observations and observationally based analyses. The period of May–July has the greatest mean rainfall rates of the year and higher interannual variability than the periods either before or after. This is also a critical time of year for water resources and cultivation schedules in this agriculturally important region. Large-scale floods during this time of year are usually characterized by an enhanced source of moisture evaporating from low latitudes, specifically the Caribbean Sea. This is part of a fetch of moisture that extends from the Caribbean northward along the coast of Central America, over the Yucatan Peninsula, along the east coast of Mexico and the western Gulf of Mexico, and over Texas, where it links into the Great Plains low-level jet. In fact, heavy rainfall over much of the eastern half of the United States is associated with above-average Caribbean moisture supply. There is also indication of an enhanced source of moisture from the subtropical Pacific during Midwest flood events. Drought events appear to have a different spatial pattern of water cycle variables and circulation anomalies, and are not simply equal and opposite manifestations of flood events. While not a dominant source of moisture even during extreme events, the Caribbean region seems to be part of an important link for remote moisture, supplying floods over the Midwest.

scholarly journals Central American and Caribbean Consensus for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis and Therapeutic Attitudes Facing the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Díaz ◽  
Fernando Gracia ◽  
Priscilla Monterrey-Alvarez ◽  
Adda V. Sirias Baca ◽  
Biany Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central American ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Development Methodology ◽  
Therapeutic Decisions ◽  
Discontinuation Of Treatment ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
New Treatments

Therapeutic decisions for multiple sclerosis have become more complex in the Central American and Caribbean region (CAC), with new treatments appearing every year but with well-known limitations in terms of access and application. Concomitantly, the advent of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, with an increasing number of cases in the region, has increased the need for a consensus on therapeutic decisions to be made for people with multiple sclerosis. Under these circumstances, a reference framework is needed to gather current information to assist neurologists in making therapeutic decisions. An evidence-based consensus on the use of disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis was proposed and accomplished by the Central American and Caribbean Multiple Sclerosis Forum (FOCEM), including recommendations for treatment during the pandemic. Using the consensus panel development methodology, after a bibliographic review of the best quality and actualized information, a final report was written; this includes statements that reached more than 70% consensus among the panel of experts. The recommendations encompass indications for drugs available for multiple sclerosis, definitions of therapeutic failure, patient follow-up, factors of poor prognosis, discontinuation of treatment, treatment during pregnancy and lactation and specific recommendations to apply during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

scholarly journals An Analysis between Patient Demographics and Non-attendances in General Surgery Clinics at an NHS Trust: An Audit

2021 ◽  
pp. 209-214
Author(s):  
A. W. Y. Ng ◽  
G. H. C. Lim ◽  
A. Winarski ◽  
E. Ross ◽  
E. J. Nevins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Care Hospital ◽  
Attendance Rates ◽  
Electronic Patient Records ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Retrospective Audit ◽  
Appointment Time ◽  
Secondary Outcomes ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
Travel Distances

Background: Missed clinic appointments can have bearing on a multitude of factors including patient care, hospital management and resources. Aim: To assess the non-attendance rates to surgical clinics within our trust. Secondary outcomes will be to assess the correlation between travel distances to clinic, time of year, patient demographics, and whether the appointment is a new patient or follow-up, on DNA rate.  Methods: Retrospective audit including all patients attending outpatient general surgical appointments at all 5 district general hospitals within the trust between the fiscal years of April 2016 to March 2018. Using case notes and electronic patient records, data on patient demographics, type of appointment, time of year and distance from hospital were collected.  Results and Conclusions: There is correlation between DNAs and age, gender, ethnicity, subspecialty, and distance from hospital. The reasons behind DNAs will be multifactorial and efforts should be made to investigate the barriers to attendance.

scholarly journals Colletotrichum spp: SENSIBILIDADE À FUNGICIDAS E REAÇÃO À CULTIVARES DE SOJA

Nativa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-280
Author(s):  
Sylvia Raquel Gomes Moraes ◽  
Jaqueline Bezerra da Silva ◽  
Solange Maria Bonaldo ◽  
Wesley Dantas de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp

Antracnose é uma das doenças economicamente mais importantes da soja e de difícil controle no Mato Grosso, causando perdas significativas de produtividade. Objetivo foi verificar a sensibilidade de fungicidas e reação de cultivares de soja a 30 isolados de Colletotrichum. A ação de sete fungicidas (azoxistrobina + ciproconazol, piraclostrobina + epoxiconazol, trifloxistrobina + protioconazol, piraclostrobina, carbendazim, fluxpiroxada + piraclostrobina e azoxistrobina) foi avaliada medindo o crescimento micelial in vitro. Todos os fungicidas afetaram o crescimento micelial, mas piraclostrobina + epoxiconazol e piraclostrobina foram os mais eficientes. Além disso, 6 cultivares foram inoculadas com 27 isolados para análise de tombamento pré e pós-emergência, incidência e severidade da doença. Os dados de incidência e severidade foram submetidos à fórmula da Área Abaixo da Curva de Progresso da Doença. Interação significativa foi observada entre isolados e cultivares em todas as variáveis. Os isolados IT-4, IT-6, LU-3, MT-1, NU-5, PN-1, QU-2, SO-6, SO-11 e VR-1 apresentaram maior tombamento e AACPD. Exceto QU-2 todos os isolados apresentam conídios falcados. As cultivares 8866, 1179 e 9144 apresentaram menor incidência e severidade da doença. Palavras-chave: Glycine max; tombamento; incidência; severidade; antracnose.   Colletotrichum spp.: Sensibility to fungicides and reaction of commercial germoplasm of soybean   ABSTRACT: Anthracnose is one of the most economically important disease of soybean and difficult to control at Mato Grosso State, causing significant yield losses. Objective was to verify the fungicides sensitivity and soybean cultivars reaction to 30 isolates of Colletotrichum. The action of seven fungicides (azoxystrobin+cyproconazole, pyraclostrobin+epoxiconazole, trifloxystrobin+protioconazole, pyraclostrobin, carbendazim, fluxpyroxade+pyraclostrobin and azoxystrobin) was evaluated measuring in vitro mycelial growth. All fungicides affected the mycelial growth development, but pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole and pyraclostrobin were the most efficient. Besides, 6 soybean cultivars were inoculated with 27 isolates to analyze pre and post-emergence damping-off, disease incidence and severity. Incidence and severity data were submitted to the formula Area Under the Disease Progress Curve. Significant interaction was observed between isolates and cultivars in all variables. Isolates IT-4, IT-6, LU-3, MT-1, NU-5, PN-1, QU-2, SO-6, SO-11 and VR-1 showed higher damping-off and AUDPC. Excepting the QU-2, all isolates have falcate conidia. Cultivars 8866, 1179 and 9144 presented the lowest disease severity and incidence. Keywords: Glycine max; damping-off; incidence; severity; anthracnose.

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