Use of antibiotics in patients who were attacked by animals that can transmit rabies v1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Machado Alba
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Pharmacological Data ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
To Receive

Introduction:Animal bites have a high probability of becoming infected. In high-risk wounds, the use of antibiotics that kill the associated microorganisms is recommended. Objective: To determine the use of antibiotics in patients in different regions of Colombia who were attacked in 2020 by animals that can transmit rabies. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective follow-up study of a cohort of patients with wounds caused by animals; the patients were affiliated with the Colombian Health System. Sociodemographic, clinical and pharmacological data were collected. Results: A total of 280 patients were analyzed. The median age was 28.0 years, and 52.1% were men. The attacks were attributed to dogs (85.0%) and cats (15.0%), and 9.6% were classified as severe exposure. Antibiotics were used in 71.1% of cases for prophylaxis and in 4.3% of the cases for the treatment of superinfection; cephalexin (37.5%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (15.7%) and dicloxacillin (10.4%) were the predominant antibiotics used. A total of 72.0% of patients who received antibiotics received inadequate prescriptions, and 49.2% had no indication to receive prophylaxis. Being treated in the Caribbean region (OR:4.09; 95%CI:1.79-9.30) and receiving analgesics (OR:3.15; 95%CI:1.25-7.94) were associated with a greater probability of being prescribed antibiotics inadequately; attacks resulting in severe exposure were associated with a lower probability (OR:0.40; 95%CI:0.16-0.98). Conclusions: A significant proportion of patients had no indication for prophylactic antibiotics or were prescribed antibiotics not recommended by clinical practice guidelines. There was a low prevalence of prescriptions for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, the most recommended antibiotic.

scholarly journals Efficacy and Tolerability of Telithromycin for 5 or 10 Days vs Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid for 10 days in Acute Maxillary Sinusitis

2003 ◽  
Vol 82 (8) ◽  
pp. 576-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maynard Luterman ◽  
Guy Tellier ◽  
Benjamin Lasko ◽  
Bruno Leroy
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Maxillary Sinusitis ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Similar Frequency ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Post Therapy

Telithromycin (HMR 3647) is a new ketolide antimicrobial that was developed for the treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract infections. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, multicenter study to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of oral telithromycin, at 800 mg once daily for 5 or 10 days, with that of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, at 500/125 mg three times daily for 10 days, in adults with acute maxillary sinusitis (AMS). A total of 754 patients with AMS of less than 28 days’ duration were randomized to receive either telithromycin for 5 days followed by placebo for 5 days, telithromycin for 10 days, or amoxicillin/clavulanic acid for 10 days. Clinical outcome was assessed at a test-of-cure (TOC) visit between days 17 and 24 and at a late post-therapy visit between days 31 and 45. Analysis of clinical outcome on a per-protocol basis (n = 434) demonstrated therapeutic equivalence among the three regimens at the TOC visit; in each treatment group, the clinical cure rate was approximately 75%. Only a few patients (3 to 5 in each group) had relapsed by the late post-therapy follow-up visit. Telithromycin was generally safe and well tolerated. The most common adverse events were mild or moderate gastrointestinal effects, which occurred with similar frequency in all three groups. We conclude that 5 or 10 days of telithromycin at 800 mg once daily is as effective clinically and as well tolerated as 10 days of treatment with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Telithromycin, therefore, appears to be a valuable option for the treatment of AMS.

scholarly journals Virtual outpatient clinic as an alternative to an actual clinic visit after surgical discharge: a randomised controlled trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Healy ◽  
Liam McCrone ◽  
Roisin Tully ◽  
Emer Flannery ◽  
Aoife Flynn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Clinic Visit ◽  
Surgical Service ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Study Inclusion

BackgroundIt is standard practice to review all patients following discharge at a follow-up clinic but demands on all health services outweigh resources and unnecessary review appointments may delay or deny access to patients with greater needs.AimsThis randomised trial aimed to establish whether a virtual outpatient clinic (VOPC) was an acceptable alternative to an actual outpatient clinic (OPC) attendance for a broad range of general surgical patients following a hospital admission.Patients and methodsAll patients admitted under one general surgical service over the study period were assessed. If eligible for inclusion the rationale, randomisation and follow-up methods were explained, consent was sought and patients randomised to receive either a VOPC or an OPC appointment.ResultsTwo-hundred and nine patients consented to study inclusion, of which 98/107 (91.6%) in the VOPC group and 83/102 (81.4%) in the OPC group were successfully contacted. Only 6 patients in the OPC group and 10 in the VOPC group reported ongoing issues. A further follow-up indicated 78 of 82 (95%) VOPC patients were very happy with their overall experience compared with 34/61 (56%) in the actual OPC group (p<0.001). A significant proportion of both cohorts—68/82 (83%) in VOPC group and 41/61 (67%) in OPC group (p = 0.029)—preferred a VOPC appointment as their future follow-up of choice.ConclusionsThe majority of patients discharged from a surgical service could be better followed up by a virtual clinic with a significant proportion of patients reporting a preference for and a greater satisfaction with such a service.

scholarly journals Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid for the Treatment of Odontogenic Infections: A Randomised Study Comparing Efficacy and Tolerability versus Clindamycin

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archiel Launch Tancawan ◽  
Maria Noemi Pato ◽  
Khamiza Zainol Abidin ◽  
A. S. Mohd Asari ◽  
Tran Xuan Thong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Safety Data ◽  
Clinical Success Rate ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Randomised Study ◽  
Odontogenic Infections ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
To Receive

Background. Treatment of odontogenic infections includes surgical drainage and adjunctive antibiotics. This study was designed to generate efficacy and safety data to support twice daily dosing of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid compared to clindamycin in odontogenic infections.Methods. This was a phase IV, randomised, observer blind study; 472 subjects were randomised to receive amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (875 mg/125 mg BID,n=235) or clindamycin (150 mg QID,n=237) for 5 or 7 days based on clinical response. The primary endpoint was percentage of subjects achieving clinical success (composite measure of pain, swelling, fever, and additional antimicrobial therapy required) at the end of treatment.Results. The upper limit of two-sided 95% confidence interval for the treatment difference between the study arms (7.7%) was within protocol specified noninferiority margin of 10%, thus demonstrating noninferiority of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid to clindamycin. Secondary efficacy results showed a higher clinical success rate at Day 5 in the amoxicillin/clavulanic acid arm. Most adverse events (raised liver enzymes, diarrhoea, and headache) were similar across both arms and were of mild to moderate intensity.Conclusion. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was comparable to clindamycin in achieving clinical success (88.2% versus 89.7%) in acute odontogenic infections and the safety profile was consistent with the known side effects of both drugs.Trial Registration. This trial is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov identifier:NCT02141217.

Supervised community treatment: 2-year follow-up study in Suffolk

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 298-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Dye ◽  
Srinivas Dannaram ◽  
Benjamin Loynes ◽  
Rebecca Dickenson
Keyword(s):  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Community Treatment ◽  
Data Collection Tool ◽  
Community Treatment Orders ◽  
Specific Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
Services Implementation ◽  
Clinical Measurements ◽  
To Receive

Aims and methodTo describe the use of community treatment orders (CTOs) and outcomes for patients placed under CTOs within the first 8 months of use in Suffolk. We performed retrospective and prospective examination of health records to collect sociodemographic and clinical measurements with a specific data-collection tool.ResultsAll of the patients studied had a major psychotic mental illness. A significant proportion of the patients had a history of alcohol or substance misuse and contact with judicial services. Implementation of a CTO was associated with an increase in engagement, a decrease in the number of admissions, and increased time spent outside hospital.Clinical implicationsThis small localised study indicates that supervised community treatment can have benefits for some patients. The challenge now is to examine the practice of supervised community treatment and to receive meaningful feedback from people who are subject to such treatment.

A Pilot Study of Mobile Telephone Message Interventions with Suicide Attempters in China

Crisis ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Chen ◽  
Brian L. Mishara ◽  
Xiao Xian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Text Message ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Mobile Telephone ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Quick Method ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
To Receive

Background: In China, where follow-up with hospitalized attempters is generally lacking, there is a great need for inexpensive and effective means of maintaining contact and decreasing recidivism. Aims: Our objective was to test whether mobile telephone message contacts after discharge would be feasible and acceptable to suicide attempters in China. Methods: Fifteen participants were recruited from suicide attempters seen in the Emergency Department in Wuhan, China, to participate in a pilot study to receive mobile telephone messages after discharge. All participants have access to a mobile telephone, and there is no charge for the user to receive text messages. Results: Most participants (12) considered the text message contacts an acceptable and useful form of help and would like to continue to receive them for a longer period of time. Conclusions: This suggests that, as a low-cost and quick method of intervention in areas where more intensive follow-up is not practical or available, telephone messages contacts are accessible, feasible, and acceptable to suicide attempters. We hope that this will inspire future research on regular and long-term message interventions to prevent recidivism in suicide attempters.

African Caribbean Residents of Edinburgh in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Williams
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
African Caribbean ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries

Scotland is gradually coming to terms with its involvement in slavery and colonialism as part of the British Empire. This article places the spotlight on the lives of African Caribbean people who were residents of Edinburgh during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. I discuss their varied experiences and contributions: from runaways and men fighting for their freedom in the Scottish courts to women working as servants in city households or marrying into Edinburgh high society. The nineteenth century saw activism among political radicals from abolitionists to anticolonialists; some of these figures studied and taught at Edinburgh University. Their stories reflect the Scottish capital’s many direct connections with the Caribbean region.

Is perioperative antibiotic necessary in straightforward implant placement procedures?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elçin Bedeloğlu ◽  
Mustafa Yalçın ◽  
Cenker Zeki Koyuncuoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Dental Implant ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Implant Failure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Implant Placement ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of this non-random retrospective cohort study was to evaluate the impact of prophylactic antibiotic on early outcomes including postoperative pain, swelling, bleeding and cyanosis in patients undergoing dental implant placement before prosthetic loading. Seventy-five patients (45 males, 30 females) whose dental implant placement were completed, included to the study. Patients used prophylactic antibiotics were defined as the experimental group and those who did not, were defined as the control group. The experimental group received 2 g amoxicillin + clavulanic acid 1 h preoperatively and 1 g amoxicillin + clavulanic acid twice a day for 5 days postoperatively while the control group had received no prophylactic antibiotic therapy perioperatively. Data on pain, swelling, bleeding, cyanosis, flap dehiscence, suppuration and implant failure were analyzed on postoperative days 2, 7, and 14 and week 12. No statistically significant difference was detected between the two groups with regard to pain and swelling on postoperative days 2, 7, and 14 and week 12 ( p &gt;0.05), while the severity of pain and swelling were greater on day 2 compared to day 7 and 14 and week 12 in both groups ( p =0.001 and p &lt;0.05, respectively). Similarly, no significant difference was found between the two groups with regard to postoperative bleeding and cyanosis. Although flap dehiscence was more severe on day 7 in the experimental group, no significant difference was found between the two groups with regard to the percentage of flap dehiscence assessed at other time points. Within limitations of the study, it has been demonstrated that antibiotic use has no effect on implant failure rates in dental implant surgery with a limited number of implants. We conclude that perioperative antibiotic use may not be required in straightforward implant placement procedures. Further randomized control clinical studies with higher numbers of patients and implants are needed to substantiate our findings.

Lesson Study dan Implikasinya Terhadap Pembelajaran Berbasis Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 189-196
Author(s):  
Vian Harsution
Keyword(s):  
Learning Environment ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Lesson Study ◽  
Learning Difficulties ◽  
Learning Needs ◽  
Democratic Leadership ◽  
Entrepreneurial Spirit ◽  
To Receive

Lesson study is a systematic, collaborative, and sustainable method of improving the quality of learning. Lesson study emphasizes the exploration of students’ learning needs; teacher openness towards learning difficulties encountered; the willingness of teachers to receive and provide advice and solutions to the difficulties encountered; and the consistency of the various parties to follow up the suggestions and solutions. Implementation of lesson study involving teachers, principals, and experts in the field of education. Kurikulum tingkat satuan pendidikan or abbreviated KTSP is operational curriculum formulated and implemented by each educational unit. KTSP has the characteristics, namely: giving broad autonomy to the educational unit, involving the community and parent participation, involving the democratic leadership of the principal, and require the support of a working team that is synergistic and transparent. KTSP based on the learning process, needs to be supported by a conducive learning environment and fun to be created by teachers.Teachers and principals in a professional, systematic and collaborative create an atmosphere that fosters independence, tenacity, entrepreneurial spirit, adaptive and proactive nature of the learning process. Thus, the learning needs of students who fulfilled optimally and professional ability of teacher who have increased on an ongoing basis, may usher in success – based learning KTSP. It means that the lesson study provides positive implications for the KTSP – based learning.

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