scholarly journals Recém-nascidos com risco de toxoplasmose congênita, revisão de 16 anos

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 32169
Author(s):  
Joana Verdelho Andrade ◽  
Catarina Resende ◽  
Joana Campos ◽  
Cristina Batista ◽  
Cristina Faria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Cerebral Lesions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Live Births

AIMS: To analyze the data on pregnancies with risk of congenital toxoplasmosis and to investigate the newborns' outcome, in a level II hospital in Portugal.METHODS: A cross-sectional retrospective study included newborns at risk for congenital toxoplasmosis and their mothers, whose delivery occurred between January 2000 and December 2015. The inclusion criteria were mother with seroconversion to toxoplasmosis during pregnancy or first serum sample with positive specific IgM and IgG. The diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis was defined by positive specific IgM at birth and/or polymerase chain reaction positive in amniotic fluid and/or persistence of specific IgG up to 12 months of life. Congenital toxoplasmosis was defined as symptomatic when clinical findings were attributed to the disease. Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests were used to test associations between variables, assuming statistical significance when p <0.05.RESULTS: There were 39,585 live births in the study period and 98 cases with risk of congenital toxoplasmosis were identified, of which 89 completed the follow-up. The prevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG in the pregnant women was 26% (95% confidence interval [CI] 24-27%). Twenty-two cases of congenital toxoplasmosis (5.6 per 10,000 live births, 95%CI 3.5-8.5 per 10,000) were confirmed. Of the 22 newborns, 18 (82%, 95%CI 61-93%) were symptomatic. The most frequent clinical findings were intracranial calcification (64%), hepatomegaly and / or elevation of transaminases (32%) and retinochoroiditis (14%). Cerebral lesions were more frequent when maternal infection was documented in the first and second trimester compared to the third trimester (p=0.018). In 31 cases (35%), the pregnant women were treated from the time of diagnosis until delivery with spiramycin, and no differences were found regarding the rate of vertical transmission or the appearance of clinical manifestations among the newborns of treated and non-treated mothers treated.CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of congenital toxoplasmosis was higher than that reported in other European countries. The prevalence of intracranial calcifications was higher than that described in the literature, whereas retinochoroiditis and strabismus occurrence was lower. Brain lesions in newborns were more frequent in first- and second-trimester infections. There was no difference in the rate of vertical transmission and in the occurrence of clinical manifestations among newborns whose mothers received spiramycin during gestation and those whose mothers did not receive treatment.

scholarly journals Population-based survey of HIV sero-status and vertical transmission among naive pregnant women in Sokoto, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiekumo Igbida Buseri ◽  
Charity Ngozi Okonkwo
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
P Value ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: This study aims at investigating the seroprevalence of HIV infection among status naive pregnant women and probable vertical transmission in Sokoto, Nigeria.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study examined 13,026 apparently healthy pregnant women aged between 14 and 45 years and 312 mother-baby pairs in 4 different hospital settings in Sokoto State, North West, Nigeria between March, 2011 and February, 2013. The babies were aged between 8 and 16 months. HIV screening was performed using qualitative rapid tests and ELISA and HIV-DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Measurement of CD4+ T-lymphocytes was carried out by the BD FACScount System. All seropositive pregnant women were immediately placed on triple antiretroviral therapy (ART) throughout the duration of the pregnancy and beyond.Results: An overall 2.4% prevalence of HIV-1 infection among the pregnant women and 20.5% incident of mother-to-child transmission were found. Of the seropositive pregnant women, 75.0% were full-time house wives, 13.8% and 11.2% were traders and civil servants respectively; of which, 70.2% were within the ages of 14 and 27 years (youthful predominance). Pearson’s χ2analysis did not show any statistically significant difference in the Mean values in the 4 health facilities (χ2 =2.084, df=3, P-value=0.555). Similarly, no significant difference in HIV seropositivity in the demographic data of the pregnant women were observed (P>0.05). Infection was recorded in all age groups but there was no statistical significance between age groups and infection (P = 0.833). Of the 64 seropositive babies, 62 (92.5%) contracted HIV from antiretroviral therapy non-adherence mothers (χ2 =271.457, df=1, P<0.01), OR=1506.6 (95%CI=285.5-7950.4). Conclusion: This study found high prevalence of vertical transmission due to ART non-adherence. Intervention initiatives should, therefore, focus seriously on ART non-adherence. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i3.11530Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(3) 2015 49-57  

scholarly journals Clinical Features and Maternal-fetal Results of Pregnant Women in COVID-19 Times

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (05) ◽  
pp. 384-394
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Nogueira Godoi ◽  
Gilcelia Correia Santos Bernardes ◽  
Leilismara Sousa Nogueira ◽  
Patrícia Nessralla Alpoim ◽  
Melina de Barros Pinheiro
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Fetal Distress ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Substantial Evidence ◽  
The Subject

Abstract Objective Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which usually leads to non-specific respiratory symptoms. Although pregnant women are considered at risk for respiratory infections by other viruses, such as SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), little is known about their vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, this study aims to identify and present the main studies on the topic, including the postpartum period. Methods In this narrative review, articles were searched in various databases, organizations, and health entities using keywords compatible with medical subject headings (MeSH), such as: COVID-19, pregnancy, vertical transmission, coronavirus 2019, and SARS-CoV-2. Results The review of the scientific literature on the subject revealed that pregnant women with COVID-19 did not present clinical manifestations significantly different from those of non-pregnant women; however, there are contraindicated therapies. Regarding fetuses, studies were identified that reported that infection by SARS-CoV-2 in pregnant women can cause fetal distress, breathing difficulties and premature birth, but there is no substantial evidence of vertical transmission. Conclusion Due to the lack of adequate information and the limitations of the analyzed studies, it is necessary to provide detailed clinical data on pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 and on the maternal-fetal repercussions caused by this infection. Thus, this review may contribute to expand the knowledge of professionals working in the area as well as to guide more advanced studies on the risk related to pregnant women and their newborns. Meanwhile, monitoring of confirmed or suspected pregnant women with COVID-19 is essential, including in the postpartum period.

Willingness of antenatal care attendees towards voluntary HIV counseling and testing, Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 104-112
Author(s):  
Sintayehu Assefa ◽  
Dubale Dulla
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Clinic ◽  
Hiv Counseling And Testing ◽  
Hiv Counseling ◽  
Counseling And Testing

Background: Voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) is an entry point for the prevention of HIV transmission from mother to child and accessing VCT benefit from PMTCT services. Even though, some pregnant women clearly know the benefits /advantages of PMTCT services, they are not willing to test and access the services. Hence, this study was aimed to assess the willingness of pregnant women attending antenatal care towards VCT/PMTCT at Adare general hospital in southern Ethiopia. Method: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Hawassa Adare hospital, southern Ethiopia from February to April/2018. A total of 338 randomly selected pregnant women who were attending antenatal care clinic were included. Data was collected using structured and pretested questionnaire; entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20 computer software. Important descriptive and logistic models were used for data analysis assuming statistical significance at p < 0.05. Result: A total of 338 mothers were interviewed with a response rate of 100%. The willingness towards voluntary HIV counseling and testing among study participants was 82.2%. Participants who attended primary and High school and above were 3.9 (AOR= 3.87, 95% CI- 1.705, 8.782) and 9.5 times (AOR 9.53 at 95% CI- 3.155, 28.76); those who had good knowledge about VCT/PMTCT were 3.47 times (AOR=3.47, 95% CI-1.721, 7.003); women who followed two to three ANC visit, were 5.1 times more likely have willingness towards VCT/PMTCT (AOR 5.11 at 95% CI -1.095, 23.81) more likely willing to be tested than their counterparts respectively. Conclusion: Willingness towards voluntary HIV counseling was encouraging however it needs advancement. Since boosted knowledge and awareness promote willingness to VCT/PMTCT uptakes, initiation of community-based information dissemination, increased quality of ANC service, and empowering women to be educated could be effective in order to promote high VCT and PMTCT program uptakes

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in Vojvodina

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 333-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snezana Brkic ◽  
Gorana Gajski ◽  
Mirjana Bogavac ◽  
Daniela Maric ◽  
Vesna Turkulov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
General Population ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Female Patients

Introduction Toxoplasmosis is an acute infectious anthropozoonotic disease with mild asymptomatic clinical manifestations in immunocompetent persons and more severe in immunocompromised patients. Acute infection in pregnancy can result in severe congenital toxoplasmosis with severe sequels. Objective Aims of study were to detect Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in general population of Vojvodina, Serbia, differences between genders and determination of seroprevalence in women of reproductive age and pregnant women. Methods Our retrospective study was conducted from 2006 to 2008 including 625 immunocompetent patients, hospitalized or observed as outpatients at the Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Novi Sad. We performed commercial ELISA kits SERION - ELISA classic test by VIRION for the presence of specific IgG and IgM antibodies. According to seroepidemiological aim of the study, our results were presented only in qualitative values. Results We observed 173 male and 452 female patients. Seroprevalence in general population of Vojvodina was 38.1%. In male population seroprevalence was 45.7%, and in female population it was 35.2%, the difference which was statistically significant (p<0.05). Seroprevalence increased with age and seroconversion was detected to occur in persons aged about 20 years. In all female patients, 353 (78.1%) were in reproductive age with seroprevalence of 30%. In 161 pregnant women seroprevalence was 31.7%. Conclusion In this study we screened actual seroepidemiological situation to Toxoplasma gondii in Vojvodina, thus giving a contribution to the continuous epidemiological screening done in this region and in the country. According to our results, almost 70% of women in reproductive age were sensitive to primary acute infection during further pregnancies, which is highly important for the prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis. Although not routinely conducted in many countries, routine serological testing to Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women and their education about preventive measures against this infection could be an effective measure in the future.

scholarly journals Utilization of MCH handbooks and attitudes of pregnant women regarding pregnancy and childbirth complications

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Dian Irawati ◽  
Agustin Dwi Syalfina
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Right ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives: Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) is closely related to maternal care. MMR in Indonesia based on the 2015 IDHS is 359 per 100,000 live births. By increasing the utilization of MCH handbooks, MMR would be decline. Therefore, this research investigated the relationship between of the utilization of MCH handbooks and attitudes pregnant women regarding pregnancy and childbirth complications.Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross sectional research with 54 pregnant women during March - June 2018 at the Sooko Health Center, Mojokerto. The independent variable was the utilization of MCH handbooks and the dependent variable was the attitude of pregnan women regarding pregnancy and childbirth complications. Data analysis included descriptive and bivariate analysis.Results: The results showed that 79.6% of respondents used the MCH handbook well. The results of the chi square analysis test showed a p value of 0.027 (<0.05).Conclusion: MCH handbook utilization effected the attitude of pregnant women regarding the complication of pregnancy and childbirth. Pregnant women who read and utilize MCH handbook would be have better alertness about the risk of complication so they would make the right decision for their pregnancy.

Occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies and associated risk factors in women in selected districts of Punjab province, Pakistan

Parasitology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (10) ◽  
pp. 1133-1139
Author(s):  
Shahzad Ali ◽  
Zona Amjad ◽  
Tahir Mahmood Khan ◽  
Abdul Maalik ◽  
Anam Iftikhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Binomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Punjab Province

AbstractToxoplasmosis is a parasitic zoonotic disease caused by Toxoplasma (T.) gondii. Limited data are available on the occurrence of T. gondii in women especially pregnant women in Pakistan. The present study aimed to determine the occurrence and risk factors associated with T. gondii in pregnant and non-pregnant women in Punjab Province, Pakistan. A cross-sectional study was conducted and 593 samples were collected from pregnant (n = 293) and non-pregnant (n = 300) women of District Headquarter Hospitals of Chiniot, Faisalabad, Jhang and Okara, Pakistan. Data related to demographic parameters and risk factors were collected using a pretested questionnaire on blood sampling day. Serum samples were screened for antibodies (IgG) against T. gondii using ELISA. A univariant and binomial logistic regression was applied to estimate the association between seropositive and explanatory variables considering the 95% confidence interval. P value ⩽0.05 was considered statistically significant for all analysis. Out of 593, 44 (7.42%) women were seropositive for T. gondii IgG antibodies. Occupation, age, sampling location, socioeconomic status, contact with cat, pregnancy status and trimester of pregnancy were significantly associated with seropositivity for T. gondii antibodies. Location and trimester of pregnancy were identified as potential risk factors for T. gondii seropositivity based on binomial logistic regression. Toxoplasma gondii is prevalent in pregnant and non-pregnant women. Therefore, now a necessitated awareness is required to instruct the individuals about these infectious diseases (toxoplasmosis) and their control strategies to maintain the health of human population. Moreover, health awareness among public can help the minimization of T. gondii infection during pregnancy and subsequent risk of congenital toxoplasmosis.

Toxoplasma gondiiinfection in pregnant women in China

Parasitology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.-J. GAO ◽  
Z.-J. ZHAO ◽  
Z.-H. HE ◽  
T. WANG ◽  
T.-B. YANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Chinese Literature ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Case Control Studies

SUMMARYToxoplasmosis, caused by the protozoan parasiteToxoplasma gondii, is one of the most common parasitic infections in humans. Primary infection in pregnant women can be transmitted to the fetus leading to miscarriage or congenital toxoplasmosis. Carefully designed nationwide seroprevalence surveys and case-control studies of risk factors conducted primarily in Europe and America, have shaped our view of the global status of maternal and congenital infection, directing approaches to disease prevention. However, despite encompassing 1 in 5 of the world's population, information is limited on the status of toxoplasmosis in China, partly due to the linguistic inaccessibility of the Chinese literature to the global scientific community. By selection and analysis of studies and data, reported within the last 2 decades in China, this review summarizes and renders accessible a large body of Chinese and other literature and aims to estimate the seroprevalence in Chinese pregnant women. It also reviews the prevalence trends, risk factors, and clinical manifestations. The key findings are (1) the majority of studies show that the overall seroprevalence in Chinese pregnant women is less than 10%, considerably lower than a recently published global analysis; and (2) the few available appropriate studies on maternal acute infection suggested an incidence of 0·3% which is broadly comparable to studies from other countries.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP OF SOCIAL SUPPORT WITH THE DEGREE OF NAUSEA AND VOMITING IN PREGNANCY

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Cempaka Yudithia Junandar ◽  
Ivon Diah Wittiarika ◽  
Budi Utomo ◽  
Ernawati Ernawati
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spearman Test ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background : At the beginning of a pregnancy the mother experiences various processes of transition or adaptation regarding changes in herself, so that she really needs support from her environment. Lack of social support can worsen the physiological complaints of pregnant women including Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy (NVP). Complaints of nausea and vomiting can affect the mother in carrying out daily activities, affect the mother's social situation with the environment and cause stress. Therefore, it is important to research the relationship between social support and the degree of nausea and vomiting in first and second-trimester pregnant women. Method : This research method is observational analytic with cross sectional research design. Sampling used the total sampling method with the criteria of pregnant women who had complaints of nausea and vomiting. Collecting data using primary data using a 24-hour PUQE questionnaire that measures the duration and frequency of nausea and vomiting and the MSPSS questionnaire measuring social support. The data collected were analyzed using the Spearman test (p<0.15). Results : Out of 47 respondents, 34 pregnant women (72.3%) received high social support. Besides that, 24 out of 47 respondents (51.1%) experienced moderate degree of NVP. In this study, there were no respondents who experienced severe degree of NVP. Spearman test analysis results obtained p= 0.833 or p>0.15. Conclusion : There is no relationship between social support with NVP in first and second trimester of pregnancy. 

scholarly journals Prevalence and Identification of Serum Markers Associated with Vertical Transmission of Hepatitis B in Pregnant Women in Yaounde, Cameroon

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucien Honore Etame Sone, PhD ◽  
Roger Ahouga Voufo, MSc ◽  
Henriette Thérèse Dimodi, PhD ◽  
Michel Kengne, PhD ◽  
Cédric Gueguim, MSc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
District Hospitals ◽  
B Virus

Objective: To determine the prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection in pregnant women and identify markers associated with vertical transmission of HBV.Methods: Prospective and cross-sectional study over 10 months on 298 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in the Cité Verte and Efoulan District hospitals in Cameroon.A dry tube blood collection was performed on all pregnant women and babies born to HBsAg-positive mothers. Serum from the women was used to test for HBsAg through immunochromatography and then confirmed by ELISA.The test for HBeAg, HBeAb and HBcAb and dosage of transaminases were performed on the serum of HBsAg-positive women. Only HBsAg was tested in babies within 24 hours after birth.Results: HBsAg was present in 23 (7.7%) mothers while 275 (92.3%) tested negative.Due to loss to followup, we assessed vertical transmission in 20 babies born to20 mothers. In all, eight babies tested HBsAgpositive; six mothers tested positive with HBeAg; 10 mothers with HBeAb and two were simultaneously infected with HBV and HIV.Conclusion and Global Health Implications: HBeAg and increase in liver transaminases were serum markers associated with the vertical transmission of HBV while HBeAb and anti-HIV therapy were protective markers.There is need to systematically screen all pregnant women for hepatitis B, follow up those that are positive, and administer a dose of gammaglobulin anti-HBs to their children to reduce the risks of chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma (CHC) and curb mortality and morbidity due to viral hepatitis B.Keywords: Hepatitis B Virus • Serum Markers • Vertical Transmission • Cell Hepatocellular Carcinoma • CameroonCopyright © 2017 Etame et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Significance of placental swab in diagnosing vertical transmission in SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Sweeney ◽  
Rizwan Khan ◽  
Niazy Al Assaf
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Neonatal Outcome ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Vaginal Fluid ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Expectant Mothers

Abstract AimsCurrently, there is limited date on the effects of COVID-19 on pregnancy and neonatal outcome. This literature review aims to investigate the possibility of fetal vertical transmission in COVID-19 positive pregnant mothers by diagnosing through placental swabs.MethodsThe search terms ‘pregnant COVID-19 positive mothers’, ‘fetal vertical transmission’ and ‘placental swabs’ were used. 11 papers were selected for this review.ResultsThis literature review comprises 45 COVID-19 positive pregnant women whose placentas and neonates were also analysed by RT-PCR for the presence of SARS-CoV-2. 43 neonates were successfully delivered primarily via caesarean section out of 45 expectant mothers (96%). 2 mothers did not deliver due to severe preeclampsia and a miscarriage both occurring in the second trimester. 3 neonates tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (7%). We report no neonatal mortality after birth and no maternal mortality. 8 female’s placentas tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 out of a total of 45 tested (18%). Of these 8, 2 cases of SARS-CoV-2 were identified in the maternal, neonatal and placental tissue.ConclusionAfter reviewing multiple studies and investigating the nature of placental physiology in SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers we conclude that there is no concrete evidence of vertical transmission occurring between mother and infant. However, there are inconsistencies across the different papers used for this review and further research investigating the effects of COVID-19 on pregnant women by using RT-PCR to test the mother, placenta, vaginal fluid, breast milk and infant for SARS-CoV-2 at various stages of transmission is urgently needed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document