scholarly journals The Mordovian Family of the Saratov Province of the Late XIX century according to the Data of Agricultural Censuses

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-241
Author(s):  
Pavel Ju. Mel’nikov
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
General Base ◽  
The Family ◽  
Extended Type ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The 19Th Century

Introduction. Second half of the 19th century for the Russian Empire is marked by the intensification of the process of transition from a traditional society to an industrial one. This transformation also affected such a conservative institution as the family. Its characteristic feature is the decrease in the average size of the family and the simplification of its structure. However, the transformation process was uneven, under the influence of regional characteristics, factors of the socio-economic and cultural type. Research Methods. The research was carried out on the basis of a comprehensive statistical analysis of the primary material of the zemstvo agricultural censuses located in the fund of the Provincial Statistical Committee of the State Archives of the Saratov Region. Results. The surviving materials include over 800 Mordovian households. The analysis of them allows us to speak about the predominance of this ethnos at the end of the 19th century a large, undivided family. This can be traced both in the total number of households of this type and in the number of people living in them. In the general base, the most populated households belonged to the Mordovians, the Tatar and Russian were smaller. Discussion and Conclusion. The article attempted to test the hypothesis that the family structure becomes more complex as it grows. It was found that a small family dominated in a group of households of up to 6 people, and a complex family dominated by 7 or more people. The extended type of household was not predominant in any group, occupying an intermediate position.

scholarly journals The influence of the Italian vocal school on the professional formation of Ukrainian singers (the end of the XVIII – the beginning of the XIX century)

2021 ◽  
pp. 219-225
Author(s):  
Maryna Rossikhina
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
New Era ◽  
Italian Opera ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Opera Singers ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The 19Th Century

The purpose of the article is to study the influences of the Italian vocal school, the traditions of Italian opera performance on the professional development of Ukrainian singers in this period. Methodology. Analysis was carried out on the basis of such methods as historical and chronological to study trends and patterns of Ukrainian music at the end of the 17th – the beginning of the 19th century, analytical – for a comprehensive consideration of the influence of Italian culture on the emergence of opera in East Slavic areas, source – for elaboration and analysis of sources, bio-bibliographic – for studying creative biographies of artists, the method of systematization – for the reduction of all found facts to a logical unity. Scientific novelty. By studying the creative biographies of prominent Ukrainian musicians (M.Berezovsky, D.Bortnyansky, M.Ivanov, S.Gulak-Artemovsky) for the first time the Italian pages of their creative biography were systematized, new facts were introduced into scientific circulation, which allow to clarify the contribution of Italian vocal culture in the development of the Ukrainian opera school at the initial stage of its formation. Conclusions. The interest of the Russian Empire in Western European, especially Italian, opera led to the rapid development of a new era in the history of musical theater in the East Slavic territories. Internships of Ukrainian musicians in Italy, invitations of Italian artists, composers, vocal teachers to the Russian Empire, joint performances on stage with foreign singers give grounds to assert the influence of the Italian vocal school on the skills of Ukrainian opera singers of the end of the 18th – the beginning of the 19th century and laying of the fundamental foundations for the development of the Ukrainian vocal school.

scholarly journals The State Council and Ministers in The Second Half of the 19th Century: Their Collaboration And Confrontation

2020 ◽  
pp. 267-285
Author(s):  
N.V. Chernikova
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
State Council ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Council Of State ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The 19Th Century

The legislative process in the Russian Empire fell into two main phases: the law was first developed in the ministries and then discussed by the highest lawmaking institutions, primarily the State Council. Thus, the cooperation of all participants in the lawmaking process was a prerequisite, but it was not always possible to achieve it. Ministries tried to preserve the integrity of their projects, while the Council of State often made significant changes to ministerial submissions in an effort to save them from shortcomings and weaknesses. Throughout the second half of the XIX century confrontation between the heads of departments and the legislative institution was formed in different ways. The analysis showed that during the reign of Alexander II the violation of the legislative process was more frequent and the emperor repeatedly approved bills that were not discussed in the State Council. However, this path did not guarantee the successful implementation of the new law. On the contrary, the changes made to the projects of the State Council were aimed primarily at the workability of government measures. And this justified them in the eyes of ministers and the monarch himself (especially in the reign of Alexander III), ensured their agreement with the Council’s opinion.

scholarly journals The Theoretical and Legal Nature of Statutory Regulation in Transcaucasia in the Early XIX Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
Natig M. ogly Salamov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Statutory Regulation

The author’s intention is to study the theoretical and legal essence of normative legal acts in force in Transcaucasia at the beginning of the 19th century. Through the provisions of legal acts and plots of historical and legal history, an attempt is made to explication and theoretical and legal analysis of the regulatory legal regulation of social relations and its ideological paradigms. The theoretical and legal basis of the analysis was the work of legal theorists. The regulatory framework of the study was constituted by the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Empire at the beginning of the 19th century. The methodological basis of the study was the general dialectical method of scientific knowledge, methods of empirical and theoretical nature (description, formalization, comparison, analysis, generalization, deduction and induction, hypothesis). Based on the analysis of the content of historical legal acts, it can be concluded that the doctrine of regulatory regulation was determined by the priority of state interests, which contributed to the development of public law branches of law. Legal regulation was carried out by local bylaws containing, as intended, regulatory and protective standards. The constituent legal precepts found themselves in the fundamental acts that legally formalized the most important institut ions of society. Power regulations in the form of expression as a whole were binding, and by the method of legal regulation were imperative.

Career of a Foreigner in the Russian Province of the First Quarter of the 19th Century: The Case of V. F. Blankengorn

2018 ◽  
pp. 1231-1243
Author(s):  
Anastasia V. Tikhonova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
General Staff ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Subject ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
State Library ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

The article shows the procedure for reconstructing biography of a foreign specialist who worked in the Russian Empire in the first quarter of the 19th century. The author analyzes materials in ‘Mesyatseslov with a list of functionaries or the General staff of the Russian Empire ...’ for 1813—1825. It allows to follow the foreigner’s gradual movement up the career ladder, accompanied by reception of class ranks. Records of service (formularnye listy) within the studied time framework contain further biographical details. These important documents on the service of the provincial official are preserved in the fond of the gubernia board in a regional archive (in this case, the State Archives of the Smolensk Region). Since records of service mention that the foreigner was of Lutheran confession, the parish registers of the corresponding church have been studied. The discovery of the record of death of the subject allows to date his life. Thus, the career of a Berlin native V. F. Blankengorn, who served as uezd and later gubernia land surveyor in the Smolensk gubernia, has been reconstructed. In 1812 Blankengorn was made to stay in occupied Smolensk; later, when the city was liberated, he was acquitted, as he did not render assistance to the enemy army. In 1823-1831 the Smolensk gubernia formed a part of the General-governorship (with center in Vitebsk) alongside with the Vitebsk, Mogilev, and Kaluga gubernias. Thus, documents retated to Blankengorn’s being awarded his first Russian order in 1824 proceeded from the Chancellery of the Governor-General. In the studied period being awarded any order of the Russian Empire (regardless of its degree) opened a prospect of obtaining noble dignity. The article based on the study of the biography of V. F. Blankengorn, adjusts the dating of the ‘Atlas of the Smolensk Province.’ This 25-sheet manuscript executed by Blankengorn is now stored in the department of cartographic publications of the Russian State Library. In its digitized form, the Atlas is available on the official website of the Library. It includes the maps of all cities and uezds of the Smolensk gubernia and its general map. Precision and artistry of the manuscript suggest that it was created for Emperor Alexander I’s tour of the Smolensk gubernia in 1824.

scholarly journals Development of commodity-money relations in Steppe region in the 19th century in the reflection of Russian periodical

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
E. P. Ivanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Steppe Region ◽  
The Press ◽  
Commodity Money ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article is devoted to the formation and development of commodity-money relations between the inhabitants of the Russian Empire and the indigenous population of the Steppe Territory. The purpose of the article is to consider the transformation of the image of the region, in the framework of the development of commodity-money relations of the XIX century. As the main source of research are used periodicals of the XIX century. It is shown that the reflection in the press of commodity-money relations is the most important factor in the integration and development of the region, and also is one of the foundations for the formation of the image of the Steppe region in the eyes of Russian inhabitants

scholarly journals Conflicts in Jewish Families of the Russian Empire as a Consequence of the Maidens’ Leaving the Family and their Baptism (According to Archival and Memoir Sources of the Early 19th Century)

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-74
Author(s):  
Dmitry Feldman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Family Conflicts ◽  
Jewish Family ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century

Тhe article, based on published and archival sources, is devoted to the problem of Jewish family conflicts occurred in Russia at the beginning of the 19th century due to the daughters’ leaving the family and their baptism. There are non-conflict cases of assimilation of Jewish girls in the article. These girls became representatives of the Russian aristocracy through marriage. It is noted that Jewish family conflicts were the result of more active and close contacts between the Jewesses and non-Jews. They took place during progressive changes in the education and upbringing of children, on the one hand, and the crisis phenomena in the social and economic life of the Russian Jewry at that time, on the other.

scholarly journals The General Rules of Procedure Concerning Disputes in the Second Quarter of the XIX Century According to the Code of Civil Laws

Russian judge ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Artemiy A. Rozhnov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
General Rules ◽  
Rules Of Procedure ◽  
Judicial Proceedings ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Civil Laws ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article represents a description of the general judicial proceedings in litigious cases in the 2nd quarter of the 19th century according to the Code of civil laws of the Digest of laws of the Russian Empire. The author reviews such problems as participants in the process, judicial representation, order of applying to the court, judicial proceedings and evidence.

The Germans and their Jewish Neighbors on the Ukrainian Areas at the Second Half of the 19th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
D. Meshkov
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
South West ◽  
Multiethnic Population ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

The article presents some of the author’s research results that has got while elaboration of the theme “Everyday life in the mirror of conflicts: Germans and their neighbors on the Southern and South-West periphery of the Russian Empire 1861–1914”. The relationship between Germans and Jews is studied in the context of the growing confrontation in Southern cities that resulted in a wave of pogroms. Sources are information provided by the police and court archival funds. The German colonists Ludwig Koenig and Alexandra Kirchner (the resident of Odessa) were involved into Odessa pogrom (1871), in particular. While Koenig with other rioters was arrested by the police, Kirchner led a crowd of rioters to the shop of her Jewish neighbor, whom she had a conflict with. The second part of the article is devoted to the analyses of unty-Jewish violence causes and history in Ak-Kerman at the second half of the 19th and early years of 20th centuries. Akkerman was one of the southern Bessarabia cities, where multiethnic population, including the Jews, grew rapidly. It was one of the reasons of the pogroms in 1865 and 1905. The author uses criminal cases` papers to analyze the reasons of the Germans participation in the civilian squads that had been organized to protect the population and their property in Ackerman and Shabo in 1905.

Reasons for the Onset of the Uniat Clergy’s Movement Towards Orthodoxy in the Russian Empire in the Beginning of the 19th Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 293-317
Author(s):  
Protopriest Alexander Romanchuk
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Latin Church ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Church Service ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article studies the system of pre-conditions that caused the onset of the uniat clergy’s movement towards Orthodoxy in the Russian Empire in the beginning of the 19th century. The author comes to the conclusion that the tendency of the uniat clergy going back to Orthodoxy was the result of certain historic conditions, such as: 1) constant changes in the government policy during the reign of Emperor Pavel I and Emperor Alexander I; 2) increasing latinization of the uniat church service after 1797 and Latin proselytism that were the result of the distrust of the uniats on the part of Roman curia and representatives of Polish Catholic Church of Latin church service; 3) ecclesiastical contradictions made at the Brest Church Union conclusion; 4) division of the uniat clergy into discordant groups and the increase of their opposition to each other on the issue of latinization in the first decades of the 19th century. The combination of those conditions was a unique phenomenon that never repeated itself anywhere.

THE ACTIVITY OF SAMARKAND REGIONAL STATISTICAL COMMITTEE IN SECOND HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY -EARLY XX CENTURY

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Jonibek Butaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Colonial Policy ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article is devoted to the analysis of the activities of the Samarkand Regional Statistics Committee in the second half of the XIX -early XX centuries. Statistical committees and departments established in the second half of the 19th century in the province of Turkestan and all regions to study the socio-economic, political and cultural life of the country, compile statistical reports and collections, as well as consolidate the colonial policy of the empire. The article analyzes the data of the Statistics Committee and the Department of Samarkand region.

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