scholarly journals Developing the Test Bench Software for the Technical Inspection of Volumetric Hydraulic Drives

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 500-517
Author(s):  
Pyanzov Sergey V. ◽  
Petr V. Senin ◽  
Pavel A. Ionov ◽  
Aleksey V. Stolyarov ◽  
Alexander M. Zemskov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Bench ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Virtual Instrumentation ◽  
Output Measurement ◽  
Capture Process ◽  
Bench Tests ◽  
Technical Inspection ◽  
Specialized Software

Introduction. The article describes the test bench specialized software, developed for technical inspection of domestic and foreign volumetric hydraulic drives in repair enterprises and service centers. The results of bench tests using a hydraulic bench and software are presented. Materials and Methods For the application software development, G graphical programming language of the Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Engineering Workbench (Lab- View) programming environment developed by the National Instruments Company has been used. The reliability of the results obtained has been confirmed by a series of bench tests of domestic and foreign volumetric hydraulic drives. Results. There has been developed and implemented new test bench software for the technical inspection of hydraulic drives of different models from domestic and foreign manufacturers in repair plants and service centers. The software is used to capture, process and store data from the sensors during testing, to calculate and output measurement data, to conduct nonlaboratory analysis of the testing process in graphical, textual and video formats, to calibrate sensors, and to store the test results in the electronic library system. The specialized software runs under the Microsoft Windows 7 x86 (32-bit) operating system and is installed on a personal computer of the hydraulic bench data processing unit. The developed software is characterized by the ergonomics of the user interface, the ability to control all the parameters of diagnosing the tested volumetric hydraulic drives. Discussion and Conclusion. Specialized software and the test bench permit high accurate monitoring of all technical condition parameters of the most common domestic and foreign volumetric hydraulic drives in accordance with the requirements of the manufacturers in the repair enterprises and service centers.

scholarly journals Application of Laser Vibrometry to Assess Defects in Ship Hull’s Welded Joints’ Technical Condition

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 895
Author(s):  
Adam Szeleziński ◽  
Adam Muc ◽  
Lech Murawski ◽  
Marcin Kluczyk ◽  
Tomasz Muchowski
Keyword(s):  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Laser Vibrometer ◽  
Laser Vibrometry ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Laser Sensors ◽  
Measurement Methodology ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The paper presents the measurement process and test results for six thin-walled plates with different dynamic characteristics caused by different defects of welded joints. The tests were carried out using non-destructive testing (NDT). The authors made an attempt to determine the validity of the use and degree of effectiveness of the tests based on laser vibrometry in detecting defects in welded joints. The tests of welded plates were carried out using displacement laser sensors and piezoelectric accelerometers, while the source of vibration extortion was a modal hammer. In the adopted measurement methodology, the application of accelerometers was to obtain the reference data, which allowed for comparison with the measurement data obtained from the laser vibrometer. The analysis of the obtained measurement data, in the fields of time and frequency, made it possible to verify the correctness of the data obtained by means of laser vibrometry and to determine the requirements which are necessary for the correct performance of NDT tests and in the future structural health monitoring (SHM) system of welded joints with the use of a laser vibrometer. The mathematical model developed in the MSC software Pastran-Nastran was also used in the work. The model was developed for the purpose of mutual verification of the measurement and calculation tests. At the present stage of work, it can be stated that the results obtained by laser vibrometry methods should be treated as a supplement to the research conducted with traditional piezoelectric accelerometers. In certain situations, they can be used as an alternative to accelerometers, due to the fact that laser sensors do not require direct contact with the examined object. Where the object under test may be in a strong electromagnetic field, optical sensors are better suited than contact sensors.

scholarly journals Simplification of the procedure for testing common rail fuel injectors

2020 ◽  
Vol 180 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz STOECK
Keyword(s):  
Test Bench ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Common Rail ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Fuel Injectors ◽  
Active Experiment ◽  
Fuel Delivery ◽  
Problematic Situations

The paper presents a simplified methodology for generating the characteristic curve of fuel doses for common rail injectors, which consists in limiting the number of measurements on the test bench and calculating missing data using predefined (array) functions of the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. This allows checking the method of fuel delivery in a wide spectrum of predefined pressures and atomiser opening times, while reducing the arduousness and time-consumption of the active experiment phase. The proposed solution is particularly useful in problematic situations when standard manufacturer's tests, referred only to selected work points, make it impossible to clearly assess the technical condition of the injector.

scholarly journals Time interval measurement module implemented in SoC FPGA device

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Grzęda ◽  
Ryszard Szplet
Keyword(s):  
Mass Measurement ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Interval Measurement ◽  
Time Interval Measurement ◽  
On Chip

Abstract We presents the design and test results of a picosecond-precision time interval measurement module, integrated as a System-on-Chip in an FPGA device. Implementing a complete measurement instrument of a high precision in one chip with the processing unit gives an opportunity to cut down the size of the final product and to lower its cost. Such approach challenges the constructor with several design issues, like reduction of voltage noise, propagating through power lines common for the instrument and processing unit, or establishing buses efficient enough to transport mass measurement data. The general concept of the system, design hierarchy, detailed hardware and software solutions are presented in this article. Also, system test results are depicted with comparison to traditional ways of building a measurement instrument.

Optimization of the GPU-based data evaluation for the low coherence interferometry

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (11) ◽  
pp. 680-690
Author(s):  
Yinan Li ◽  
Markus Kästner ◽  
Eduard Reithmeier
Keyword(s):  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Measurement Range ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Data Evaluation ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Low Coherence ◽  
Optical Interferometers ◽  
Marquardt Algorithm ◽  
Evaluation Algorithm

Abstract Optical interferometers as non-contact measurement devices are very desirable for the measurement of surface roughness and topography. Compared to phase shifting interferometers (PSIs) with a limited measurement range and a scan step of maximum λ/4, the optical interferometers like low coherence interferometers (LCIs) evaluating the degree of fringe coherence allow a larger vertical measurement range. Their vertical measurement range is only limited by the scan length allowed by the linear piezo stage and the coherence length of the light source. To evaluate the obtained data for a large range, the common LCIs require much computation time. To overcome this drawback, we present an evaluation algorithm based on the Hilbert-Transform and curve fitting (Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm) using Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) technology, which allows parallel and independent data evaluation on General Purpose Graphics Processing Unit (GPGPU). Firstly, the evaluation algorithm is implemented and tested on an in-house developed LCI, which is based on Michelson configurations. Furthermore, we focus on the performance optimization of the GPU-based program using the different approaches to further achieve efficient and accurate massive parallel computing. Finally, the performance comparison for evaluating measurement data using different approaches is discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals Analysis of the load capacity of the bolt joints of collecting electrodes with the rapper rod

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 00004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Nowak ◽  
Mirosław Kurz
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Model ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impulse Force ◽  
Made In

This article presents an analysis of the load capacity of the bolt joints of collecting electrodes with the rapper rod, made in HUCK technology. A discrete model of the system of electrodes was worked out for the analysis of stresses in bolt joints, the validation of which was made on the basis of measurement data obtained on the test bench. Two variants of joining the plates of electrodes with the rapper rod were taken into account in calculations - the first one with the correct geometry in the rapper rod, the other one with an eccentric displacement of holes in the flat bars of the rapper rod. In both variants the modelled system was loaded with the impulse force corresponding to the impact of the hammer against the anvil, with the run obtained from measurements on the test bench. These models and the related calculations were performed in the ABAQUS environment. As a result of the analyses performed, recommendations were worked out intended to eliminate cases of the destruction of bolt joints closest to the anvil of the rapper rod.

Effects of Ambient Air Humidity on Emissions and Efficiency of Large-Bore Lean-Burn Otto Gas Engines in Development and Application

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Bartkowski ◽  
Stefan Eicheldinger ◽  
Maximilian Prager ◽  
Georg Wachtmeister
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Lean Burn

Abstract The use of large-bore Otto gas engines is currently spreading widely considering the growing share of Power-To-Gas (P2G) solutions using renewable energies. P2G with a Combined Heat and Power (CHP) plant offers a promising way of utilizing chemical energy storage to provide buffering for volatile energy sources such as wind and solar power all over the world. Therefore, ambient conditions like air temperature, humidity and pressure can differ greatly between the location and time of engine operation, influencing its performance. Especially lean-burn Otto processes are sensitive to changes in ambient conditions. Besides, targeted use of humidity variation (e.g. through water injection in the charge air or combustion chamber) can help to reduce NOx emissions at the cost of a slightly lower efficiency in gas engines, being an alternative to selective catalytic reduction (SCR) exhaust gas aftertreatment. The ambient air condition boundaries have to be considered already in the early stages of combustion development, as they can also have a significant effect on generated measurement data in combustion research. To investigate the behavior, a test bench with a natural gas (CNG) powered single-cylinder research engine (piston displacement 4.77 1) at the Institute of Internal Combustion Engines (LVK) of the Technical University of Munich (TUM) was equipped with a sophisticated charge air conditioning system. This includes an air compressor and refrigeration dryer, followed by temperature and pressure control, as well as a controlled injection system for saturated steam and homogenizing containers, enabling the test bench to precisely emulate a widespread area of charge air parameters in terms of pressure, temperature and humidity. With this setup, different engine tests were conducted, monitoring and evaluating the engine’s emission and efficiency behavior regarding charge air humidity. In a first approach, the engine was operated maintaining a steady air-fuel equivalence ratio λ, fuel energy input (Q̇fuel = const.) and center of combustion (MFB 50%) while the relative ambient humidity was varied in steps between 21% and 97% (at 22 °C and 1013.25 hPa). Results show a significant decrease in nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions (−39.5%) and a slight decrease in indicated efficiency (−1,9%) while hydrocarbon (THC) emissions increased by around 60%. The generated data shows the high significance of considering charge air conditioning already in the development stage at the engine test bench. The comparability of measurement data depends greatly on ambient air humidity. In a second approach, the engine was operated at a constant load and constant NOx emissions, while again varying the charge air humidity. This situation rather reflects an actual engine behavior at a CHP plant, where today often NOx–driven engine control is used, maintaining constant NOx emissions. The decrease in indicated efficiency was comparable to the prior measurements, while the THC emissions showed only a mild increase (5%). From the generated data it is, for instance, possible to derive operational strategies to compensate for changes in ambient conditions while maintaining emission regulations as well as high-efficiency output. Furthermore, the results suggest possibilities, but also challenges of utilizing artificial humidification (e.g. through water injection) considering the effects on THC emissions and efficiency. A possible shift of the knocking limit to earlier centers of combustion with higher humidity is to be investigated. The main goal is the further decrease of NOx emissions, increase of efficiency, while still maintaining hydrocarbon emissions.

scholarly journals Application of Kalman Filtering Methods to Online Real-Time Structural Identification: A Comparison Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (06) ◽  
pp. 1550016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Askari ◽  
Jianchun Li ◽  
Bijan Samali
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Unscented Kalman Filter ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Linear Structure ◽  
Structural Identification ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Measurement ◽  
Highly Nonlinear

System identification refers to the process of building or improving mathematical models of dynamical systems from the observed experimental input–output data. In the area of civil engineering, the estimation of the integrity of a structure under dynamic loadings and during service condition has become a challenge for the engineering community. Therefore, there has been a great deal of attention paid to online and real-time structural identification, especially when input–output measurement data are contaminated by high-level noise. Among real-time identification methods, one of the most successful and widely used algorithms for estimation of system states and parameters is the Kalman filter and its various nonlinear extensions such as extended Kalman filter (EKF), Iterated EKF (IEKF), the recently developed unscented Kalman filter (UKF) and Iterated UKF (IUKF). In this paper, an investigation has been carried out on the aforementioned techniques for their effectiveness and efficiencies through a highly nonlinear single degree of freedom (SDOF) structure as well as a two-storey linear structure. Although IEKF is an improved version of EKF, results show that IUKF generally produces better results in terms of structural parameters and state estimation than UKF and IEKF. Also IUKF is more robust to noise levels compared to the other approaches.

scholarly journals Justification of parameters of wheelset axle fatigue strength test-bench for railway rolling stock

2019 ◽  
Vol 294 ◽  
pp. 03008
Author(s):  
Oleksii Kuropiatnyk ◽  
Serhii Raksha ◽  
Pavlo Anofriev
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fatigue Strength ◽  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Rail Transport ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Bench Tests ◽  
Railway Rolling Stock

The operation safety of the railway rolling stock depends directly on the strength of the base part of the wheelset – its axle. Therefore, in recent years numerous studies of theoretical and experimental nature, both for means of rail transport, and for machines containing rail track equipment are carried out. This paper substantiates the main parameters of the fatigue test bench for axles for wheelsets of railway rolling stock. We performed an analysis of the load schema for bench tests, determined the dependence of the bench work force on the parameters of the wheelset axle. In addition, we substantiated the design and parameters of vibrator. For the research, we adopted the following criteria of rationality: work force, energy consumption and longitudinal dimension of the test bench. The design is considered the best, if these criteria acquire the smallest values. The results of the research indicate that the load scheme “cantilever beam” is rational for the fatigue bench tests of the axles for wheelsets of railway rolling stock. The best design of the vibrator have to provide the test bench work force by rotating the unbalanced mass around the stationary wheelset axle. The rational vibrator contains a sectoral eccentric mass rotating at an angular velocity of about 150 s-1. In this case, the eccentric mass value is about 80 kg, and its eccentricity is 135 mm.

Experimental Determination of the Effect of the Surface Curvature on Rolling Resistance Measurements4

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 254-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Freudenmann ◽  
H.-J. Unrau ◽  
M. El-Haji
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Surface Curvature ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Combined Test ◽  
Modified Formula ◽  
New Formula

Abstract REFERENCE: Freudenmann, T., Unrau, H.-J., and El-Haji, M., "Experimental Determination of the Effect of the Surface Curvature on Rolling Resistance Measurements," Tire Science and Technology, TSTCA, Vol. 37, No. 4, October - December 2009, pp. 254-278. Vehicle and tire manufacturers usually perform rolling resistance measurements on external drums with diameters of 1.71 or 2.0 m. The rolling resistance measured on these test benches is higher than the actual rolling resistance measured on a flat surface. This deviation is caused by the drums’ curvature. In 1979, S. K. Clark aimed to solve this problem by developing a formula, which converts the rolling resistance of a tire measured on a curved surface into the corresponding rolling resistance on a plane. This formula is still used today in ISO and SAE standards. To verify Clark’s universally accepted formula, a research project was initiated at the Universität Karlsruhe. A combined test bench that allows measurements on two external drums of different diameter and a continuous flat track with the same wheel suspension was built up and came into operation. The rolling resistances of six different tires on the three surfaces were measured under variation in operational parameters, such as tire load and inflation pressure. Comparison of converted values from measurements on external drums with flat track measurements showed the necessity for an upgrade of the existing formula. By conducting a multiple regression analysis, which took various tire properties and operational parameters into account, a modified formula was derived. Application of this new formula on the measurement data of the six tires as well as on further measurements showed excellent results.

Investigations on Winter Tire Characteristics on Different Track Surfaces Using a Statistical Approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Wassertheurer ◽  
Frank Gauterin
Keyword(s):  
Test Bench ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Fitting Procedures ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Technology Institute ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Tire Models

ABSTRACT The availability of reliable tire simulation models is necessary for performing accurate vehicle-handling simulations. Parameterizing of tire models, such as the Magic Formula (MF) tire model, means extensive measurement and complex fitting procedures. In addition, a general problem is that parameterized MF models are not simply adaptable to other track surfaces (e.g., dry, wet, or snowy tracks), which is a problem, especially for winter tire modeling. To face this drawback, a research project in cooperation between BMW and the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Vehicle System Technology, has been initiated. The institute's internal drum test bench provides the opportunity to perform measurements on different track surfaces and various operating conditions. To identify main effects on tire performance and tire characteristics, comprehensive measurements on snow, ice, wet asphalt, and dry Safety-Walk surfaces have been carried out using three different winter tires. Experimental designs have been worked out using the method of design of experiments (DoE) to reduce the number of measurements and to decrease measuring expenditure, especially on snow track surfaces. By using DoE, all statistic effects can be analyzed despite reducing the number of measurements. Measurement data have been analyzed using extensive statistical methods. Thereby, effects on the tire characteristics have been empirically identified, and general predications will be presented in the article. We show identified main effects of track and ambient conditions on tire performance and tire characteristics. Furthermore, this article demonstrates the approach of using DoE to perform lean measurements as well as illustrates the realization of executing the measurements on different track surfaces on the test bench. These results will also be a starting basis for establishing a novel empirical model for adopting tire characteristic curves and MF tire models on alternative road and ambient conditions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document