scholarly journals A Vertical stratification of arthropods in the dry ecosystems of Colombian Guyana: morphological patterns and their ecological implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1289-1305
Author(s):  
Edgar Camero Rubio ◽  
Johanna Paola Cárdenas ◽  
Jaime Marín Ballesteros
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Structure ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Subsurface Soil ◽  
Ecological Implications ◽  
Arthropod Fauna ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Soil Level ◽  
Morphological Patterns

Introduction: Despite growing interest by the ecosystems derived from the Guyanese formations, the vertical structure of the communities and relationships of the biota with the climatic conditions in these ecosystems are unknown. Objective: Characterize the structure and vertical composition of the arthropod fauna associated with three of the most representative ecosystems of the Northern area of the serranía de La Lindosa in Colombia based on morphological and ecological parameters. Methods: The arthropod fauna was sampled, from the subsurface soil level to the shrub and tree stratum. The fauna was determined up to the level of family or supraspecific group and the values of Alfa and Beta diversity were determined. Body length measurements were made, and the coloration and trophic level of each group were determined. Results: The composition and diversity of the arthropod fauna was different in each ecosystem and vertical stratum and most of the groups in all the ecosystems studied present low abundances. Groups of phytophagous and predatory habits were frequent in all ecosystems and the highest biomass of arthropod fauna comes from groups of polyphagous habits, of medium size and great abundance. Light and dark colorations are the most frequent in landscape-scale. Conclusion: The ecosystems studied are characterized by the low values of diversity and replacement and the large number of non-shared groups that apparently respond to the microclimatic characteristics; however, there are some generalities on a landscape scale such as the greater richness and abundance of groups in the intermediate strata, the greater proportion of groups with phytophagous habits and medium body sizes, and the predominance of dark colorations in the lower strata.

Mycorrhizae in a southern California desert: ecological implications

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Bethlenfalvay ◽  
S. Dakessian ◽  
R. S. Pacovsky
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Site Preference ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Ecological Implications ◽  
Random Site

Perennial plants of 19 families were surveyed for colonization by vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi at four sites in the Anza–Borrego Desert State Park, California, an area characterized as arid to extremely arid. Soils at all sites were very low in phosphorus and nitrogen and had a coarse sandy texture. The sites were distinct in the floristic composition of their vegetation. All plants (38 species) were colonized by VAM fungi (six species). The distribution of the VAM mycoflora was not random. Site preference by VAM-fungal species was ascribed to an interaction of factors pertaining to the host plants and to edaphic and climatic conditions.

Heat Recovery From Commercial On-Site Power Generation System: Desiccant Dehumidification vs. Absorption Cooling

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Czachorski ◽  
John Kelly ◽  
Kevin Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Commercial Building ◽  
Absorption Cooling

As commercial building on-site power generation technologies mature to the point of becoming “off-the-shelf” products, the importance of effective heat recovery is demonstrated time and time again in applications where three to six year paybacks typically are necessary to convince building owners to purchase and install these new technologies. This paper explores the effectiveness and economic benefit of different methods of utilizing recoverable heat from on-site power generation equipment in commercial buildings (Cooling, Heating and Power systems – CHP). An optimal configuration of heat recovery options is explored based on analysis of heat recovery from microturbine(s) exhaust to support commercial building heating and cooling/dehumidification needs. Benefits of recovering heat for space heating/domestic hot water production and to support desiccant dehumidification vs. absorption cooling are studied in five different building types (large supermarket, large retail store, medium size office building, full service restaurant and quick service restaurant). Buildings are evaluated at four different geographical locations, allowing additional study of the climatic conditions on the optimum heat recovery system configuration for specific building types. A sophisticated model, incorporating performance algorithms of state-of-the-art power generation, dehumidification and absorption cooling equipment, is used for calculating annual energy/cost savings for CHP systems and optimization of basic parameters, such as generator size/number and heat recovery equipment selection.

Collective prey capture and feeding behaviours of Anelosimus jabaquara Levi 1956 (araneae: theridiidae)

Behaviour ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
pp. 573-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo de Oliveira Gonzaga ◽  
João Vasconcellos-Neto
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Central Body ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Predatory Behaviour ◽  
Body Segments ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Biomass Availability

AbstractIn this study we report on the predatory behaviour of Anelosimus jabaquara considering the frequency of bites in each prey body part during the immobilization phase, the proportion of the consumption time expended in each of these parts and the relative participation on capture and feeding processes by spiders of different body sizes. Generally, few individuals actively take part in prey immobilization events, biting mostly on fly's legs (body segments which promote vibrations strong enough to attract spiders, but not to dissuade attacks). However, many spiders usually take part in the consumption of this medium size prey item. During the consumption phase appendages were rarely used, probably due to the higher nutritional value and biomass availability of central body segments (thorax, abdomen and head). Non-aggressive contests over displaced prey body parts were frequently seen during collective feeding in natural colonies, but not in small artificial groups in laboratory.

Effect of centre of production, maturity and storage treatment of seed tubers on the growth of early potatoes: II. Field growth

1969 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. Goodwin ◽  
A. Brown ◽  
J. H. Lennard ◽  
F. L. Milthorpe
Keyword(s):  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Stem Number ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Subsequent Crop ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Soil Level

SUMMARYStudies were carried out on the effect of source, time of lifting and post-harvest treatment of apparently virus-free Arran Pilot seed potatoes on subsequent crop growth. The experiments were carried out in 1961–2 and 1962–3 at Efford, Sutton Bonington and Edinburgh. Seed tubers from the more southern region, which were older and showed greater sprout development at planting, gave plants with a higher stem number at soil level, a higher tuber number and a greater percentage of the tuber yield as seed grade than northern-produced seed. High bulking rates were associated with early emergence, high tuber numbers and late apparent time of tuber initiation. In 1962 southern seed produced plants which initiated tubers early and had low bulking rates and low final yields. In 1963 seed source had little effect on the time of tuber initiation of resulting plants, and southern-produced seed gave plants with high bulking rates and high final yields. Early lifted and greened tubers gave rise to plants with the same pattern of response as seed produced at the southern centre. It is suggested that this variation in response between years was due to the climatic conditions at the time of tuber initiation in the field crop.Seed of a required state at planting can usually be obtained by growth at the centre of ware production provided disease can be controlled and the time between harvesting of seed and planting is longer than about 3 months.

scholarly journals Adequate timing for heart-of-palm harvesting in King palm

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilene L.A. Bovi ◽  
Luiz Alberto Saes ◽  
Roberta Pierry Uzzo ◽  
Sandra H. Spiering
Keyword(s):  
Large Diameter ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Palm Heart ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Low Costs ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Soil Level

Heart-of-palm, palm heart, or "palmito" can be considered as a non-conventional vegetable, largely consumed in Brazil and exported to more than sixty countries. Timing of heart-of-palm harvesting is a critical issue in palmito agribusiness, since it affects yield, quality and costs. A three-year field experiment was utilized to identify the correct timing for king palm heart-of-palm harvesting, from the standpoint of maximizing yield and minimizing growing period. The experimental site was located at Pariqueraçu, Vale do Ribeira, a region where palmito agribusiness has increased recently, due to adequate climatic conditions, low costs and high industry demand. Crop was grown in 2 x 0.75 m spacing, utilizing six-month old seedlings. Growth was assessed periodically by measuring plant diameter and height (from soil level to insertion of leaf spear), as well as leaf number and size. Harvest was done, from 36 to 40 months after planting date. The results showed high plant variability, a common feature in palm. In spite of genetic variability, the adequate timing for start heart-of-palm harvesting (considering plant growth rate, yield, quality and market type), was reached when palms were 80 to 115 cm (small diameter) and 200 to 300 cm tall (large diameter). The time to attain those heights varies widely among plants and growing conditions. In this experiment, harvesting could be started at 22 months after planting.

scholarly journals Fungal communities living within leaves of native Hawaiian dicots are structured by landscape-scale variables as well as by host plants

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
JL Darcy ◽  
SOI Switf ◽  
GM Cobian ◽  
G Zahn ◽  
BA Perry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Native Hawaiian ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Bipartite Network ◽  
Plant Phylogeny ◽  
Dicotyledonous Plants

ABSTRACTA phylogenetically diverse array of fungi live within healthy leaf tissue of dicotyledonous plants. Many studies have examined these endophytes within a single plant species and/or at small spatial scales, but landscape-scale variables that determine their community composition are not well understood, either across geographic space, across climatic conditions, or in the context of host plant phylogeny. Here, we evaluate the contributions of these variables to endophyte beta diversity using a survey of foliar endophytic fungi in native Hawaiian dicots sampled across the Hawaiian archipelago. We used Illumina technology to sequence fungal ITS1 amplicons to characterize foliar endophyte communities across five islands and 80 host plant genera. We found that communities of foliar endophytic fungi showed strong geographic structuring between distances of seven and 36 km. Endophyte community structure was most strongly associated with host plant phylogeny and evapotranspiration, and was also significantly associated with NDVI, elevation, and solar radiation. Additionally, our bipartite network analysis revealed that the five islands we sampled each harbored significantly specialized endophyte communities. These results demonstrate how the interaction of factors at large and small spatial and phylogenetic scales shape fungal symbiont communities.

scholarly journals Intraspecific predation in the Liolaemus lizard radiation: a primer

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Pincheira-Donoso
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Primary Component ◽  
The Body ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Large Species ◽  
Lizard Species ◽  
Size Frequency Distribution ◽  
Intraspecific Predation ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
The Right

Intraspecific predation (cannibalism) occurs in a number of lizard species, although the incidence of this trophic behaviour appears to be infrequent. Within the South AmericanLiolaemuslizard evolutionary radiation, the primary component of the carnivorous diet (herbivory has also evolved in several species) includes a diversity of arthropods and other invertebrates. However, a number of cases of saurophagy, mostly cannibalism, have also been reported in different species. Here, I review for the first time the occurrence of cannibalism in this prominent group of lizards, one of the largest and more ecologically diverse living adaptive radiations. Adults of fiveLiolaemusspecies have previously been reported to feed on conspecific hatchlings, and one additional case (L. zapallarensis) is reported in this paper. In general, cannibalism is found in species located at the right side of the body size frequency distribution, while no cases have been reported on the far left range of body sizes, suggesting that cannibalism is more common in large species. Only one species of medium size (L. darwinii) is known to feed on conspecifics. In addition, males are responsible for 83% of the cases of cannibalism, while only one case of female cannibalism is known (L. chiliensis). Finally, no clear phylogenetic signal can be inferred from these observations, as the six reported cannibal species belong to four of the five mainLiolaemusclades.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution pattern and diameter structure of Protium Burm. f. in Iratapuru river sustainable development reserve, Amapá, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 35854
Author(s):  
Luciedi De Cassia Leoncio Tostes ◽  
Marcelo De Jesus Veiga Carim ◽  
José Francisco de Carvalho Gonçalves ◽  
Admilson Moreira Torres ◽  
José Renan da Silva Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Vertical Structure ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Spatial Distribution Pattern ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Diameter Structure ◽  
Area Of Study

 The present work aims to determine the spatial distribution pattern of Protium Burm. f and the diametric structure of these species in a dense tropical submontane rainforest along the Sustainable Development Reserve (SDR) of the Iratapuru river. The area of study was divided into three plateau compartments called Mane Preto Sierra, Banco Grande Sierra and Alaska Sierra. In each plateau compartment it was settled a single area transect with 1,000 x 20 m, where DAP ≥ 10 cm of the entire Protium population within the transects was measured. The data was processed in the specific software Mata Nativa 2. There were inventoried Protium tenuifolium, Protium altsoni, Protium polybotryum subsp. blackii and Protium paniculatum var. riedelianum. Most individuals concentrated in smaller diametric classes, decreasing progressively to a lesser extent in larger classes. It can be concluded that the population has medium size and its vertical structure is characterized by the presence of three strata, however, its phytocenoses is defined by two clear constants: the first groups individuals of up to 15 m of height and forms the uniform and dominant stratum; the second is composed by emerging up to 35 m high and whose diameter structure shows a population in dynamic balance. 

An Ultrastructural Study of the Proliferation Patterns of the Reserve Cells of the Human Cervix Uteri

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 80-81
Author(s):  
Takanori Sohda ◽  
Hiroshi Saito ◽  
Goro Asano ◽  
Katsunari Fukushi ◽  
Katsuya Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Cervix Uteri ◽  
Morphological Aspect ◽  
Functional Aspect ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Human Cervix ◽  
Morphological Patterns

Recently, the functional aspect as well as morphological aspect of the reserve cells in the cervix uteri drew much attention in view of the carcinogenesis in squamocolumunar junction. In this communication, the authors elucidate the ultrastructural features of the reserve cells in patients of various age groups visiting our university hospital and affiliated hospital.From conventional light microscopic point of view, the reserve cells tend to be pronounced in various pathological conditions, such as the persisting inflammation, proliferative disorders and irritation of hormones. The morphological patterns of the reserve cells from various stage and degree of irritation were observed.

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