scholarly journals Intraspecific predation in the Liolaemus lizard radiation: a primer

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Pincheira-Donoso
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Primary Component ◽  
The Body ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Large Species ◽  
Lizard Species ◽  
Size Frequency Distribution ◽  
Intraspecific Predation ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
The Right

Intraspecific predation (cannibalism) occurs in a number of lizard species, although the incidence of this trophic behaviour appears to be infrequent. Within the South AmericanLiolaemuslizard evolutionary radiation, the primary component of the carnivorous diet (herbivory has also evolved in several species) includes a diversity of arthropods and other invertebrates. However, a number of cases of saurophagy, mostly cannibalism, have also been reported in different species. Here, I review for the first time the occurrence of cannibalism in this prominent group of lizards, one of the largest and more ecologically diverse living adaptive radiations. Adults of fiveLiolaemusspecies have previously been reported to feed on conspecific hatchlings, and one additional case (L. zapallarensis) is reported in this paper. In general, cannibalism is found in species located at the right side of the body size frequency distribution, while no cases have been reported on the far left range of body sizes, suggesting that cannibalism is more common in large species. Only one species of medium size (L. darwinii) is known to feed on conspecifics. In addition, males are responsible for 83% of the cases of cannibalism, while only one case of female cannibalism is known (L. chiliensis). Finally, no clear phylogenetic signal can be inferred from these observations, as the six reported cannibal species belong to four of the five mainLiolaemusclades.

Primary productivity, deoxygenation, and the Gulliver-absence effect determine bivalve body size following the end-Permian mass extinction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Tietje ◽  
William J. Foster ◽  
Jana Gliwa ◽  
Clara Lembke ◽  
Autumn Pugh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Mass Extinction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Large Species ◽  
Mass Extinctions ◽  
Shell Size ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Permian Mass Extinction ◽  
The Impact

<p> The impact of mass extinctions on the body sizes of animals has received considerable attention and debate, as to whether the reduced size of post-extinction organisms is due to the selective extinction of large species, absence of large species as a stochastic effect of low-diversity faunas, or a size decrease within surviving genera and species. Here, we investigated the body sizes of bivalves following the end-Permian mass extinction event and show that the shell size increase of bivalve genera was driven by both evolutionary and ecophenotypic responses. First, some genera show significant increases in body size with the evolution of new species. Further, the same genera record significant within-species increases in average and maximum body size into the late Induan, indicating that ecophenotypic changes were also involved on long-term body size trends. These increases are associated with invigorated ocean circulation, improved oxygenation of the seafloor, and probably increased food supply.</p>

scholarly journals Regression models of sonographic parameters of the kidneys in practically healthy women of the ectomorphic somatotype depending on the peculiarities of body size

2018 ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
О. S. Ustymenko
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Scientific Cooperation ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Length Width ◽  
The Right

The study of the constitutional features of organs in the healthy population makes it possible to find out the peculiarities of changes in their sizes in different pathologies. The purpose of the work is to construct and analyze the regression models of individual sonographic sizes of the kidneys in practically healthy women of the ectomorphic somatotype, depending on the features of anthropo-somatotypological parameters of the body. From the database of research center of the National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya (within the framework of the agreement on scientific cooperation) were taken the primary sonographic parameters (length, width, front and rear size, area of the longitudinal and cross section of the kidneys and their sinuses, as well as the volume of the right and left kidneys) and anthropometric indices (according to V. V. Bunak in the modification of P. P. Shapаrenko) of practically healthy women-ectomorphs of the first mature age, who in the third generation live in the Podillia region of Ukraine. Regression models of individual sonographic sizes of the kidneys, depending on the features of anthropo-somatotypological parameters of the body, are constructed using the license package “Statistica 6.1”. In practically healthy women of the ectomorphic somatotype all 16 possible reliable regression models of sonographic parameters of the right and left kidneys, based on the anthropometric and somatotypological parameters with determination coefficient R2 from 0.607 to 0.973, were constructed. Constructed regression models of sonographic parameters of both kidneys in practically healthy women of the ectomorphic somatotype most often include body diameters (24.2% of the total number of indicators included in the models), circumferential body sizes (20.9%), cephalometric indices (19.8 %) and the thickness of skin and fat folds (14.3%). The regression models of sonographic parameters of the right kidney in women of the ectomorphic somatotype most often include diameters and circumferential body sizes (by 27.3% of the total number of indicators included to the models of right kidney) and cephalometric indices (18.2%). The regression models of the sonographic parameters of the left kidney in women of the ectomorphic somatotype most often include body diameters and cephalometric indices (by 21.3% of the total number of indices included to the models of the left kidney) and the circumferential body size and thickness of skin and fat folds (by 14.9%).

scholarly journals Modeling of sonographic parameters of the kidneys in practically healthy women of the middle intermediate somatotype depending on the constitutional parameters of the body

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
V.G. Cherkasov ◽  
О.S. Ustymenko ◽  
A.V. Shayuk ◽  
S.V. Prokopenko ◽  
I.V. Gunas
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
The Body ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Scientific Cooperation ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
High Quality Medical Care ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Right

The scientific literature presents quite a large number of works, in which the priority role of mathematical modeling in providing high-quality medical care, health and active longevity of a person is determined. The purpose of the work is to construct and analyze the regression models of individual sonographic sizes of kidneys in practically healthy women of the middle intermediate somatotype, depending on the features of the anthropometric and somatotypological indicators. Within the framework of the agreement on scientific cooperation from the database of National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya primary sonographic parameters (length, width, anterior-posterior dimension, area of longitudinal and cross-section of the kidneys and their sinuses, as well as volume of the right and left kidneys) and anthropometric indices (obtained by the method of V.V. Bunak in the modification of P.P. Shaparenko) of 17 practically healthy women of the first mature age of the middle intermediate somatotype, who in the third generation live in the Podillya region of Ukraine. The construction of regression models of individual sonographic sizes of the kidneys, depending on the features of anthropo-somatotypological parameters of the body of women of the middle intermediate somatotype, was carried out in the licensed package “Statistica 6.1”. In women of the middle intermediate somatotype all 16 possible reliable regression models of sonographic parameters of the kidneys were constructed depending on the anthropo-somatotypological parameters with the determination coefficient R2 from 0.891 to 0.978. The analysis of reliable regression models (with a coefficient of determination greater than 0.6), the sonographic parameters of the kidneys in practically healthy women of the middle intermediate somatotype revealed that most often models of both kidneys, as well as separately of the right and left kidneys, include the circumferential dimensions of the body (respectively, 35.9 – 33.3 – 38.5% of the total number of indicators included in the models). In addition, models of both kidneys most often include cephalometric indices (12.6%), thickness of skin-fat folds and body diameters (by 11.7%); models of the right kidney – body diameters (15.7%), cephalometric indices and width of distal epiphyses of long tubular bones of extremities (by 11.8%); models of the right kidney - the thickness of skin and fat folds (17.3%) and cephalometric indices (13.5%). Attention is drawn to the lack of entry into models of sonographic sizes of kidneys total body sizes.

scholarly journals Sonographic model parameters of kidney in men and women endo-mesomorphic somatotype depending on the anthropometric indices characteristics

2018 ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
O.S. Ustymenko
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Absolute Amount ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
Body Dimensions ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Length Width ◽  
The Right

The application of the mathematical method for establishing quantitative relationshipsbetween the set of anthropometric parameters and sonographic parameters of thepatient allows in some cases to significantly improve early diagnosis of diseases, makeit not only timely, but accurate. The purpose of the work is to analyze the regressionmodels of individual sonographic sizes of the kidneys in practically healthy men andwomen of the endo-mesomorphic somatotype, depending on the peculiarities of thestructure and size of the body. Sonographic renal research conducted using ultrasonicdiagnostic system "CAPASEE" SSA-220A (Toshiba, Japan). For each kidney, the length,width (transverse size) and front and rear dimensions were determined; the area of thelongitudinal and transverse sections of the kidneys and their sinuses, as well as thevolume of the right and left kidneys. All of them had an anthropometric survey conductedby V.V. Bunak in the modification of P. P. Shapаrenko. The evaluation of thesomatotype was carried out according to the mathematical scheme of J. Carter and B.Heath. Determining the absolute amount of fat, bone and muscle components of bodyweight was calculated by the formula J. Matiegka and the muscular component - bythe formulas of the American Institute of Nutrition. For the construction of models ofindividual sonographic parameters of the kidneys, the method of stepwise regressionanalysis in the package "STATISTICA 6.1" was used. In practically healthy men andwomen of Podillia endo-mesomorphic somatotype of 16 possible 14 reliable regressionmodels of sonographic parameters of the right and left kidneys, based on anthropo-somatotypological indicators with a determination coefficient, from 0.767 to 0.966 andfrom 0.672 to 0.912 were constructed. The constructed models of sonographicparameters of both kidneys in men endo-mesomorphic somatotype most often includethe circumferential body dimensions (22.4%), cephalometric indices and the thicknessof skin and fat folds (17.1%), body diameters (14.5%), and longitudinal body dimensions(11.8%). The constructed models of sonographic parameters of both kidneys in womenendo-mesomorphic somatotype most often include circumferential body sizes (23.1%),body diameters (20.5%), cephalometric indices (19.2%) and thickness of skin and fatfolds (16.7%). In the analysis of entering into models of sonographic parameters of thekidneys anthropometric and somatotypological indicators, expressed manifestations ofasymmetry and sexual dimorphism

Our Bodies, Whose Property?

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Human Organs ◽  
Property Owners ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

No one wants to be treated like an object, regarded as an item of property, or put up for sale. Yet many people frame personal autonomy in terms of self-ownership, representing themselves as property owners with the right to do as they wish with their bodies. Others do not use the language of property, but are similarly insistent on the rights of free individuals to decide for themselves whether to engage in commercial transactions for sex, reproduction, or organ sales. Drawing on analyses of rape, surrogacy, and markets in human organs, this book challenges notions of freedom based on ownership of our bodies and argues against the normalization of markets in bodily services and parts. The book explores the risks associated with metaphors of property and the reasons why the commodification of the body remains problematic. The book asks what is wrong with thinking of oneself as the owner of one's body? What is wrong with making our bodies available for rent or sale? What, if anything, is the difference between markets in sex, reproduction, or human body parts, and the other markets we commonly applaud? The book contends that body markets occupy the outer edges of a continuum that is, in some way, a feature of all labor markets. But it also emphasizes that we all have bodies, and considers the implications of this otherwise banal fact for equality. Bodies remind us of shared vulnerability, alerting us to the common experience of living as embodied beings in the same world. Examining the complex issue of body exceptionalism, the book demonstrates that treating the body as property makes human equality harder to comprehend.

ANALISIS YURIDIS NORMATIF PUTUSAN PERKARA MAHKAMAH AGUNG KONSTITUSI RI No. 004/PUU-II/2004

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Doni Budiono
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Supreme Courts ◽  
Military Justice ◽  
State Administration ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
The Government ◽  
Government Rules ◽  
The Right ◽  
Tax Court

The  authority  of justice in Indonesia  is executed by  the Supreme Courts and  the  justice  boards/body under the Supreme Courts, including  the general  justice, religious affairs justice, military justice,  state administration  justice,  and  the Constitution Court. According to  certainty in  the Act of  Tax Court, Article1, clause  (5),  tax  dispute   refers to the legal dispute arising in the  taxation  affairs between the  tax payer or the  body  responsible for the  tax with   the government   executives  ( Directorate General of Tax) as the consequence of   the issue of  the decree for the  appeal  to the Tax  Court in accordance with the  tax Act, including the  charge  against the  execution of collection   in accordance with the  Act of Tax Collection by force. The  formation of Tax Court is  designed by  the Executives, in this case, the  Department of Finance, specifically  the Directorate   General  of Tax  which has the right to issue  law  more technical about  tax accord to Article 14,  letter A,  President Decree  no. 44  year 1974,  concerning the  basic  organization of the Department.  Based on  it,  it  is clear that  in addition to execute the government  rules and policy,  this body  has to execute judicial   rules and policy. This is against the  principles of  Judicative  Power/Authority in Indonesia,  which   clearly states that this body  should be under the Supreme Court.   Therefore. It is suggested that   the Act  No UU no.14 Year 2012 concerning  Tax Court   be revised  in accordance with the system of  Power Division  of Justice  as  stated in 45 Constitutions.

Ayurveda dietary guidelines during Covid-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1477-1481
Author(s):  
Ishwari Gaikwad ◽  
Priyanka Shelotkar
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
The Body ◽  
Daily Regimen ◽  
Web Page ◽  
Healthy State ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

The current world situation is both frightening and alarming due to the massive disruption caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. The next few days are censorious as we need to be very precautious in our daily regimen as well as dietary habits. Ayurveda offers knowledge about food based on certain reasoning. Indecent food custom is the chief cause for the rising development of health disorders in the current era. In classical texts of Ayurveda, the concept of diet explained well, ranging from their natural sources, properties and specific utility in pathological as well as physiological manner. In this work, the review of the relevant literature of Ahara (Diet) was carried out from Charak Samhita and other texts, newspapers, articles, web page related to the same.  Every human being is unique with respect to his Prakriti (Physical and mental temperament), Agni (Digestive capacity), Koshtha  (Nature of bowel) etc. For that reason, the specificity of the individual should be kept in mind. Ahara, when consumed in the appropriate amount at the right moment following all Niyamas (Guidelines) given in Ayurveda texts, gives immunity and keeps the body in a healthy state during pandemics such as Covid-19. Ultimately, this will help the human body to maintain its strength for life. This article reviews the concept of diet viz. combination of foods, their quantity and quality, methods of preparation and processing, which are to be followed during pandemics and are essential in maintenance and endorsement of health and preclusion of diseases.

Immunity boosting diet during Covid 19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 832-838
Author(s):  
Roshna Sukheoji Bhutada ◽  
Renu Rathi ◽  
Devyani Dasar
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Food Studies ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
The Body ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Custard Apple ◽  
The Right ◽  
Daily Physical Activities ◽  
Physiological Reactions

WHO declared Covid 19 /SARS -COV-2 as a global pandemic.Till date, there is no medicine for COVID-19. If the Infection arises in the body then the defence mechanism activated against infection. A recent study suggests that temporarily augmenting the body's immune system in the early stages of COVID-19 can help patient to avoid severe symptoms as it is rightly said prevention is better than cure. Ayurveda approaches to develop physiological reactions to facilitate immunity. Planning of diet is most important to boost immunity.As per many researches to provide supplementary food which contains Zinc, Vitamin C,Vitamin D and immunity boosting foodsuch as citrus natural products, custard apple, apple, papaya is among the Fruits. Vegetables include broccoli, onion, garlic and green leafy vegetables. Nuts, ginger, turmeric, pepper, egg yolk, shellfish, mushroom. The need of the hour is a quick boost to immune system to keep it fit, fighting. One should get the right amount of nutrients from the diet, supplementation regimen to boost immune system.In this review, there are few common supplements and super food studies have been included. It might be a torch bearer as sample menu and their alternatives are given for a normal adult. Needy may change contemplated according to age, sex, body mass index and daily physical activities.

Harnessing clay nano-particles for stem-cell driven tissue regeneration, EPSRC

Impact ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Jonathan Dawson ◽  
Richard Oreffo
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Clay Nanoparticles ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
The Right

Gels made from clay could provide an environment able to stimulate stem-cells due to their ability to bind biological molecules. That molecules stick to clay has been known by scientists since the 1960s. Doctors observed that absorption into the blood stream of certain drugs was severely reduced when patients were also receiving clay-based antacid or anti-diarrhoeal treatments. This curious phenomenon was realized to be due to binding of the drugs by clay particles. This interaction is now routinely harnessed in the design of tablets to carefully control the release and action of a drug. Dr Dawson now proposes to use this property of clay to create micro-environments that could stimulate stem cells to regenerate damaged tissues such as bone, cartilage or skin. The rich electrostatic properties of nano (1 millionth of a millimetre) -scale clay particles which mediate these interactions could allow two hurdles facing the development of stem-cell based regenerative therapies to be overcome simultaneously. The first challenge - to deliver and hold stem cells at the right location in the body - is met by the ability of clays to self-organise into gels via the electrostatic interactions of the particles with each other. Cells mixed with a low concentration (less than 4%) of clay particles can be injected into the body and held in the right place by the gel, eliminating, in many situations, the need for surgery. Clay particles can also interact with large structural molecules (polymers) which are frequently used in the development of materials (or 'scaffolds'), designed to host stem cells. These interactions can greatly improve the strength of such structures and could be applied to preserve their stability at the site of injury until regeneration is complete. While several gels and scaffold materials have been designed to deliver and hold stem cells at the site of regeneration, the ability of clay nanoparticles to overcome a second critical hurdle facing stem-cell therapy is what makes them especially exciting. Essential to directing the activity of stem-cells is the carefully controlled provision of key biological signalling molecules. However, the open structures of conventional scaffolds or gels, while essential for the diffusion of nutrients to the cells, means their ability to hold the signalling molecules in the same location as the cells is limited. The ability of clay nano-particles to bind biological molecules presents a unique opportunity to create local environments at a site of injury or disease that can stimulate and control stem-cell driven repair. Dr Dawson's early studies investigated the ability of clay gels to stimulate the growth of new blood vessels by incorporating a key molecular signal that stimulates this process, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In a manner reminiscent of the observations made in the 60s, Dr Dawson and colleagues observed that adding a drop of clay gel to a solution containing VEGF caused, after a few hours, the disappearance of VEGF from the solution as it became bound to the gel. When placed in an experimental injury model, the gel-bound VEGF stimulated a cluster of new blood vessels to form. These exciting results indicate the potential of clay nanoparticles to create tailor-made micro-environments to foster stem cell regeneration. Dr Dawson is developing this approach as a means of first exploring the biological signals necessary to successfully control stem cell behaviour for regeneration and then, using the same approach, to provide stem cells with these signals to stimulate regeneration in the body. The project will seek to test this approach to regenerate bone lost to cancer or hip replacement failure. If successful the same technology may be applied to harness stem cells for the treatment of a whole host of different scenarios, from burn victims to those suffering with diabetes or Parkinson's.

scholarly journals Governing Nonconformity: Gender Presentation, Public Space, and the City in New Order Indonesia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Benjamin Hegarty
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Gender Nonconformity ◽  
The Body ◽  
New Order ◽  
Sexual Morality ◽  
National Belonging ◽  
Femininity And Masculinity ◽  
Gender Presentation ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

The regulation of public space is generative of new approaches to gender nonconformity. In 1968 in Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia, a group of people who identified as wadam—a new term made by combining parts of Indonesian words denoting “femininity” and “masculinity”—made a claim to the city's governor that they had the right to appear in public space. This article illustrates the paradoxical achievement of obtaining recognition on terms constituted through public nuisance regulations governing access to and movement through space. The origins and diffuse effects of recognition achieved by those who identified as wadam and, a decade later, waria facilitated the partial recognition of a status that was legal but nonconforming. This possibility emerged out of city-level innovations and historical conceptualizations of the body in Indonesia. Attending to the way that gender nonconformity was folded into existing methods of codifying space at the scale of the city reflects a broader anxiety over who can enter public space and on what basis. Considering a concern for struggles to contend with nonconformity on spatial grounds at the level of the city encourages an alternative perspective on the emergence of gender and sexual morality as a definitive feature of national belonging in Indonesia and elsewhere.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document