Assessment of Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) in Omdurman Voluntary Counselling and Testing Center (OVCTC)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 836-849
Author(s):  
MUSA Basheer MANSOUR ◽  
Sara Elsheikh Ahmedana
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Surgical Equipment ◽  
Needle Stick ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Health Organization

PEP is taking human immunodeficiency virus medicine (HIV) within 72 hours after possible exposure to HIV to prevent the occurrence of the disease. Significance: exposure to the needle, surgical equipment, and rape is a life-threatening condition for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), HIV, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) infection, tetanus, and syphilis. The objective of this study was to assess the PEP. Methods: It was a descriptive-analytical study in OVCTC in September 2008. 30 patients in study as the whole number. We included all patients attending the OVCTC and potential exposed either occupationally or through sexual intercourse and received antiretroviral therapy (ARV) agents as prophylaxis All cases diagnosed as HIV/AIDS and all persons need counseling were excluded in this study. Secondary data were collected from the records of the patients in OVCTC. Ethical considerations and clearance were taken from OVCTC and patients. It was accepted by the director. Results: In these study 30 cases fully described from the record and part of them were interviewed. Most cases (13) 43% in the age group 26 -35 years and the minority (2) 6% in age group (5 -15 years) and (2) 6% in age group (46-55years). Male (17)56.6% and Female (13)43.4%. Single (14) 46.6%, married (14)46.6%, widow (1)3.3% and divorced (1)3.3%. Most of them (21),70% are the health care professional, (27) 90% are educated and (26)86.3%lived in Khartoum. The equipment of exposure (28)93.3% due to needle stick, (1)3.3% due to rape and (1)3.3% due to rosary. (16)53.3%were expose in 2007, (12)40% in 2008 and (2)6.6% in 2006. All of them started needle stick protocol. The baseline of HIV testing is negative in all. All of them started Duovir according to world health organization guidelines and non-reported side effects or complications. Conclusion: Although PEP is offered in OVCTC according to world health organization (WHO) guidelines, pre and post-test counseling, ARV prophylaxis, and counseling including ARV side effects; the outcome is good, although the patients are not adherent to schedule follow-up in the center.

Health Problems of Adolescence: Report of a WHO Expert Committee. World Health Organization:

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 392-392
Author(s):  
THOMAS E. CONE
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
World Health ◽  
Expert Committee ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Committee Meeting ◽  
Adolescent Population ◽  
The World ◽  
Group 15 ◽  
Health Organization

This is a timely, concise, eminently practical, thoughtfully, even tenderly, written 28 page report of a recent WHO Expert Committee meeting on the health problems of adolescence. The members and the consultants to the Committee deftly summarize the major worldwide trends affecting our adolescent population. The size of this population is staggering; in the age group 15-19 years alone there are already 300 million adolescents in the world, and there seems every likelihood that these numbers will increase rapidly during the next decade.

scholarly journals A Case of Polyneuropathy Following a Single Dose of Diethylcarbamazine and Albendazole During Mass Administration of Drug - A Case Report

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-58
Author(s):  
SC Kohli ◽  
UK Shrestha ◽  
VM Alurkar ◽  
A Maskey ◽  
M Parajuli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Mass Drug Administration ◽  
World Health ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

The global program to eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis created by The World Health organization in 1997 is based on mass administration of single annual doses of diethylcarbamazine ( DEC) plus albendazole in non African regions and of albendazole plus ivermectin in Africa. The usual side effects of DEC treatment include fever, chills, arthralgia, headaches, nausea, and vomiting. Albendazole is associated with relatively few side effects consisting of occasional nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, headache, reversible alopecia, elevated aminotransferases and rarely leucopenia and rash. We report a case of polyneuropathy in a young individual following DEC and albendazole during mass drug administration. Keywords: Albendazole; DEC; Polyneuropathy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v1i1.5800   Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences. 2012; 1(1): 56-58

scholarly journals Prevalensi malaria di Asmat, Papua: Gambaran situasi terkini di daerah endemik tinggi

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine Debora ◽  
Hanggoro Tri Rinonce ◽  
Maria Fransiska Pudjohartono ◽  
Pritania Astari ◽  
Monica Gisela Winata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Malaria Elimination ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
World Health ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Environment Temperature ◽  
Biological Environment ◽  
Health Organization

ABSTRAK Malaria merupakan salah satu penyakit yang terus endemik di beberapa daerah di Indonesia walaupun pemerintah telah melakukan berbagai usaha untuk mengobati dan mencegah malaria. World Health Organization (WHO) menargetkan insidensi kasus malaria pada tahun 2030 dapat turun hingga 90% dibandingkan tahun 2015.Asmat merupakan salah satu daerah endemik tinggi dan menjadi salah satu daerah target program eliminasi malaria, namun belum ada publikasi data rinci terkait malaria di Asmat, Papua. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi malaria di Asmat pada tahun 2017 dan melihat tren kejadian malaria yang merupakan salah satu indikator evaluasi program eliminasi malaria di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif observasional yang dilakukan selama pelaksanaan kegiatan Kuliah Kerja Nyata - Peduli Bencana (KKN-PB) Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), pada tanggal 17 Maret hingga 30 April 2018 di Asmat, Papua. Penelitian dilakukan dengan analisis data sekunder dan observasi. Data sekunder diambil dari Dinas Kesehatasn Kabupaten Asmat, kemudian dianalisis dan dipaparkan secara deskriptif. Dilakukan pula observasi lingkungan di Distrik Agats, Atsj, dan Sawaerma untuk mengetahui kemungkinan faktor-faktor risiko malaria. Pada tahun 2017, prevalensi malaria di kabupaten Asmat yaitu 12,37% dengan 7,90 % kasus malaria klinis dan 4,46% kasus malaria yang telah tegak diagnosisnya berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium. Prevalensi tersebut meningkat dibandingkan tahun 2016. Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat (Puskesmas) Atsj merupakan puskesmas dengan prevalensi malaria tertinggi, yaitu sebesar 27,70%. Kejadian malaria ini kemungkinan dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan fisik (suhu, kelembaban, kerapatan dinding rumah, pengunaan kawat kassa, curah hujan), lingkungan biologi (adanya semak dan rawa), lingkungan kimia (salinitas dan pH), serta kebiasaan masyarakat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penanganan malaria di Asmat masih menjadi tantangan besar bagi petugas kesehatan dan pemerintah. Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui faktor penyebab masih tingginya kejadian malaria agar kebijakan yang diambil lebih tepat.  KATA KUNCI prevalensi; malaria; endemik; Asmat; Papua ABSTRACT Malaria is still an endemic disease in Indonesia, despite years of government efforts to cure and prevent malaria. World Health Organization (WHO) has a goal to reduce malaria case incidence globally at least 90% in 2030 compared with 2015.Asmat is one of the high endemic areas in Indonesia, making Asmat one of the target areas for malaria elimination programs. However, the published data regarding malaria in Asmat is limited. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of malaria in Asmat in 2017 and assess the trend of malaria prevalence, as an indicator in evaluating malaria elimination programs. This study was descriptive observational research which was performed from March 17th until April 30th 2018, as part of Kuliah Kerja Nyata - Peduli Bencana (KKN-PB) Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), in Asmat Regency. This study was using secondary data analysis and environmental observation. Secondary data was obtained from Department of Health in Asmat Regency and presented descriptively. Environmental observation in Agats, Atsj, and Sawaerma District was also conducted to find out the possible risk factors of malaria. In 2017, malaria prevalence in Asmat was 12.37% with 7.9% cases being clinically diagnosed malaria, and the other 4.46% laboratory diagnosed malaria. The prevalence in 2017 was higher than in 2016. Among all the districts in Asmat, Atsj had the highest prevalence (27.70%). Malaria prevalence was possibly affected by multiple factors, such as physical environment (temperature, humidity, houses’ wall density, and the use of wire net), biological environment (house surrounded by bush or swamp), chemical environment (pH and salinity), and habits in community. These findings suggest that malaria control is still a big challenge for health-care workers and government. Further research is needed to study the exact causes of high malaria prevalence in Asmat, so that more appropriate policies can be done to overcome the problem.KEYWORDS prevalence; malaria; endemic; Asmat; Papua

scholarly journals Profil Penderita Morbus Hansen di Rawat Inap RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado Periode 2016-2018

e-CliniC ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deivy A. Makalew ◽  
Grace M. Kapantow ◽  
Herry E. J. Pandaleke
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Electrolyte Imbalance ◽  
World Health ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract: Morbus Hansen (MH) is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. World Health Organization data showed that in 2018, Indonesia was the third rank in the world with incidences of 17,017 cases. This study was aimed to determine the profile of MH patients at Irina F-Dermatovenereology of Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital. This was a descriptive retrospective study by evaluating medical record files of MH patients hospitalized at Irina F-Dermatovenereology, Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital from 2016 to 2018. The results showed that the distribution of MH patients in 2016-2018 was 14 patients, 20 patients, and 18 patients respectively. Most patients were in the age group of 25-34 years (38.46%). Males were more common than females (4.8:1). Most patients were from Manado. All patients had multibacillary (MB) type MH and ENL was the most common reaction (86.54%). The comorbidities were gastrointestinal disorders, electrolyte imbalance, and anemia. In conclusion, the number of hospitalized MH patients was slightly increased from 2016 to 2017 and then was decreased insignificantly in 2018. Most patients were male, in the age group of 25-34 years, came from Manado, multibacillary type MH, had ENL reaction and comorbidity of gastrointestinal disorders.Keywords: Morbus Hansen, hospitalized patients Abstrak: Morbus Hansen (MH) merupakan penyakit infeksi kronik yang disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium leprae. Data World Health Organization (WHO) pada tahun 2018 menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia menempati peringkat ketiga di dunia dengan jumlah kasus baru mencapai 17.017 kasus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil penderita MH di Irina F Kulit dan Kelamin RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Jenis penelitian ialaht deskriptif retrospektif dengan cara mengevaluasi berkas rekam medis penderita MH yang dirawat inap di Irina F Kulit dan Kelamin RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado pada periode 2016-2018. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan distribusi penderita MH pada tahun 2016 sebanyak 14 pasien, tahun 2017 sebanyak 20 pasien, dan tahun 2018 yaitu 18 pasien. Kelompok usia terbanyak ialah 25-34 tahun (38,46%). Penderita laki-laki lebih banyak dibandingkan perem-puan (4,8:1). Penderita terbanyak berasal dari Kota Manado. Semua penderita memiliki MH tipe Multibasiler (MB). Reaksi ENL merupakan tipe reaksi yang terbanyak (86,54%). Penyakit penyerta yang banyak didapati ialah gangguan gastrointestinal, gangguan elektrolit dan anemia. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah penderita MH yang dirawat inap mengalami peningkatan dari tahun 2016 sampai 2017, sedikit menurun pada tahun 2018 namun tidak bermakna. Penderita yang terbanyak ialah kelompok usia 25-34 tahun, jenis kelamin laki-laki, asal Kota Manado, MH tipe Multibasiler (MB), reaksi tipe ENL, penyakit penyerta gangguan gastrointestinal.Kata kunci: Morbus Hansen, pasien rawat inap

scholarly journals HMM Based Cough Sound Scrutiny for Classification of Asthma and Pneumonia in Paediatry

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S3) ◽  
pp. 816-819
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Pediatric Asthma ◽  
World Health ◽  
Pediatric Pneumonia ◽  
The World ◽  
Asthma Patients ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Cough Sound

Isolating pediatric asthma from pediatric pneumonia is one of the serious issues in remote territories. These sicknesses have covering side effects, however require radically extraordinary medicines. Existing rules for pneumonia order in asset poor areas from The World Health Organization require the utilization of bronchodilator test to isolate asthma from pneumonia. In any case, bronchodilator is a costly test to direct and not effectively accessible in remote regions. In this investigation, we star represent an imaginative and novel system utilizing hack sound examination to isolate pneumonia cases from asthma. In crafted by this paper we dissected hack sound information from 20 subjects (10 pneumonia and 10 asthma patients). Utilizing scientific highlights of hack sounds, a HMM classifier was prepared to distinguish pneumonic hack and asthmatic hack. At that point by registering Pneumonic Cough Index every patient was delegated either into pneumonia or asthma. Proposed strategy accomplished a precision of 90% (affectability = 100% and explicitness = 80%) in arranging pneumonia and asthma patients. Our outcomes demonstrate that hack sound convey basic data which can be utilized to isolate asthma patients from pneumonia. Proposed strategy in this paper indicates potential to turn into an option for bronchodilator test in the asset poor zones of the world

scholarly journals POTENSI PENGGUNAAN METFORMIN SEBAGAI SUPLEMENTASI DIET PADA OBESITAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Harry Salomo
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
World Health ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase

ABSTRAK  Pendahuluan: Obesitas merupakan kondisi yang disebabkan oleh ketidakseimbaangan energi baik asupan maupun pola aktivitas fisik, dimana menurut World Health Organization (WHO) diartikan sebagai Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) ≥30 dan ≥25,00 pada kategori Asia. Obesitas merupakan permasalahan global, lebih lagi di Indonesia sedang terjadi peningkatan drastis, yaitu peningkatan 50% pada laki–laki dan 100% pada perempuan. Obesitas merupakan faktor risiko berbagai macam penyakit. Teori mengenai obesitas dan hiperinsulinemia ini masih menjadi kontroversi di kalangan peneliti tentang mana yang terjadi lebih dahulu, tetapi berdasarkan penelitian diet tinggi lemak mengakibatkan hiperinsulinemia yang lebih lanjut mengakibatkan obesitas. Manapun yang terlebih dahulu, yang jelas terdapat keadaan hiperinsulinemia pada obesitas. Pembahasan: Kondisi hiperinsulinemia ini bisa diinterupsi lebih lanjut dengan obat yang meningkatkan sensitivitas yaitu metformin. Mekanisme kerja metformin sebenarnya belum dipahami penuh, namun terdapat aktivasi AMP-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) yang lebih lanjut mempengaruhi keseimbangan energi melalui berbagai jalur. Sebagai suplementasi metformin tergolong aman dan telah terbukti pada penggunaan jangka panjang, efek samping yang ditimbulkan biasanya ringan pada saluran pencernaan, efek samping berat asidosis laktat sangat jarang terjadi. Kesimpulan: Penggunaan metformin untuk menangani obesitas sebenarnya sudah sangat luas terutama pada pasien Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), dan berbagai penelitian telah menunjukkan penurunan yang tidak besar namun signifikan .  Kata Kunci: AMPK, IMT, obesitas, metformin  ABSTRACT  Introduction: Obesity is a condition caused by energy disruption of both intake and physical activity patterns, which World Health Organization (WHO) defined as Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥30 dan ≥25.00 in Asian category. Obesity is a global problem, moreover in Indonesia there is a drastic increase, about 50% increase in men and 100% in women. Obesity is a risk factor for various diseases. The theory of obesity and hyperinsulinemia is still controversy among researchers about which one is happening first, but based on  studies  high-fat diet leads to hyperinsulinemia which further leads to obesity. Whichever comes first, clearly there is a state of hyperinsulinemia in obesity. Discussion:  This hyperinsulemia condition can be interrupted by drugs that capable to increase the sensitivity of metformin. The mechanism of action of metformin is not yet fully understood, but there is activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) which further affects the energy balance through multiple pathways. As metformin supplementation is safe and has been known to be of long-term use, side effects are usually mild on the gastrointestinal tract, and severe side effects of lactic acidosis are very rare. Conclusion: The use of metformin for dealing with obesity has actually been very wide especially in patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), and various studies have shown a not great but significant decrease of body weight.  Keywords: AMPK, BMI, obesity, metformin

scholarly journals Analisis Keputusan Indonesia terhadap WHO FCTC pada Masa Kepemimpinan Presiden Joko Widodo Tahun 2014-2019

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-66
Author(s):  
Aloysius Anandyo Pambudi
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Legal Liability ◽  
World Health ◽  
Systemic Level ◽  
Organization Framework ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Online Sources

This article aims to analyze Indonesia’s decision on World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) in the leadership period of President Joko Widodo from 2014-2019. As one out of nine states which have not to sign and ratify WHO FCTC, historically Indonesia is one of the full drafting member states which actively involved in the convention’s making and negotiations since 1996. However, from 2003 until 2019, Indonesia still refuses to sign or ratify WHO FCTC. From past years, studies about Indonesia’s non-compliance decision on WHO FCTC limited by the analysis focused on domestic factors to explain state’s behavior, non-state actors’ interest, or discourse about tobacco control issues. This article provides an analysis of the state’s (Indonesia) behavior from the systemic level by using the theory of international regime’s functions. By using secondary data obtained from official documents of state or international organizations, books, journals, and other online sources linked to Indonesia’s decision on WHO FCTC, this article shows that Indonesia’s non-compliance decision to WHO FCTC in the leadership of President Joko Widodo from 2014-2019, caused by Indonesian government’s negative interpretations to the legal liability, reducing cost, and information facilitation functions of WHO FCTC.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Stunting According to WHO Growth Standards and Indonesian Growth Reference Charts: A Descriptive Study from Blega Sub-District

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Nafiys Hilmy ◽  
Maitsa' Fatharani
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Growth Charts ◽  
Growth Standards ◽  
Growth Reference ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
National Growth

Stunting is one of the remaining health issues in Indonesia and its prevalence was still high in the last decades. There are two types of growth charts that can be used in recording the child's growth: growth standards and growth references. In recent times, the selection of the suitable growth charts has become a subject of discussion in many countries. The objective of this study is to describe the prevalence of stunting according to World Health Organization Child Growth Standards (WHOCGS) and Indonesian National Growth Reference Charts (INGRC) of children under five from the Blega sub-district. The secondary data from 2884 children were collected recapitulation of the 'Bulan Timbang' program in February 2020. Z-score of length/height-for-age was plotted according to WHOCGS and INGRC. The result showed that the prevalence of stunting were lower for the INGRC than WHOCGS (5.83% and 11.17%, with p-value <0.001). There was an advantage and disadvantage when using both two growth charts. Further research is still needed to support the result of this study. Keywords:  Stunting, World Health Organization Child Growth Standards, Indonesian National Growth Reference Charts

scholarly journals SCIENCE OF SALAT MOVEMENT IN COVID-19 ERA AND TURBULENCE ECONOMIC

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-142
Author(s):  
R Mochamad A
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
Economic Condition ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
Turbulence Data ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the salat movements associated with Covid-19 and economic turbulence. The secret in the salat movement gives health to the human body. By continuing to carry out the obligation of salat as a Muslim, and the current economic condition shaken by Covid-19, could become one of the strongholds of economic turbulence. Data is taken from content in the form of stages of ablution and salat movement, secondary data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), World Health Organization (WHO), International Monetary Fund (IMF), and Worldbank. This study uses a content analysis methodology, with a Hahslm theory approach that integrates Covid-19, Islamic economics and religiosity and the Koran. The results show that health, patience and religiosity can strengthen the resilience of Covid-19 as well as by offering salat to face the economic crisis.  Keywords: Islam, Health, Salat Movement, Covid-19,  Economy   Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis gerakan sholat yang berkaitan dengan Covid-19 serta turbulensi ekonomi. Rahasia dalam gerakan shalat memberikan kesehatan bagi tubuh manusia. Dengan tetap menjalankan kewajiban salat sebagai seorang umat Islam, dan keaadan ekonomi saat ini yang  tergunvang oleh Covid-19 bisa menjadi salah satu benteng pertahanan terhadap turbelensi ekonomi. Data diambil dari konten berupa tahapan wudu dan gerakan salat, data sekunder diperoleh dari Biro Pusat Statistik (BPS), World Health Organization (WHO), International Monetary Fund (IMF), dan Worldbank. Studi ini menggunakan metodologi analisis konten, dengan pendekatan teori Hahslm yang mengintegrasikan Covid-19, ekonomi dan religiusitas Islam dan Al-Quran. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kesehatan, kesabaran, dan religiusitas dapat memperkuat ketahanan diri dari Covid-19 serta dengan salat untuk menghadapi krisis ekonomi. Kata-kata kunci: Islam, Kesehatan, Gerakan Shalat, Covid-19, Ekonomi

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