scholarly journals Prevalensi malaria di Asmat, Papua: Gambaran situasi terkini di daerah endemik tinggi

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine Debora ◽  
Hanggoro Tri Rinonce ◽  
Maria Fransiska Pudjohartono ◽  
Pritania Astari ◽  
Monica Gisela Winata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Malaria Elimination ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
World Health ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Environment Temperature ◽  
Biological Environment ◽  
Health Organization

ABSTRAK Malaria merupakan salah satu penyakit yang terus endemik di beberapa daerah di Indonesia walaupun pemerintah telah melakukan berbagai usaha untuk mengobati dan mencegah malaria. World Health Organization (WHO) menargetkan insidensi kasus malaria pada tahun 2030 dapat turun hingga 90% dibandingkan tahun 2015.Asmat merupakan salah satu daerah endemik tinggi dan menjadi salah satu daerah target program eliminasi malaria, namun belum ada publikasi data rinci terkait malaria di Asmat, Papua. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi malaria di Asmat pada tahun 2017 dan melihat tren kejadian malaria yang merupakan salah satu indikator evaluasi program eliminasi malaria di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif observasional yang dilakukan selama pelaksanaan kegiatan Kuliah Kerja Nyata - Peduli Bencana (KKN-PB) Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), pada tanggal 17 Maret hingga 30 April 2018 di Asmat, Papua. Penelitian dilakukan dengan analisis data sekunder dan observasi. Data sekunder diambil dari Dinas Kesehatasn Kabupaten Asmat, kemudian dianalisis dan dipaparkan secara deskriptif. Dilakukan pula observasi lingkungan di Distrik Agats, Atsj, dan Sawaerma untuk mengetahui kemungkinan faktor-faktor risiko malaria. Pada tahun 2017, prevalensi malaria di kabupaten Asmat yaitu 12,37% dengan 7,90 % kasus malaria klinis dan 4,46% kasus malaria yang telah tegak diagnosisnya berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium. Prevalensi tersebut meningkat dibandingkan tahun 2016. Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat (Puskesmas) Atsj merupakan puskesmas dengan prevalensi malaria tertinggi, yaitu sebesar 27,70%. Kejadian malaria ini kemungkinan dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan fisik (suhu, kelembaban, kerapatan dinding rumah, pengunaan kawat kassa, curah hujan), lingkungan biologi (adanya semak dan rawa), lingkungan kimia (salinitas dan pH), serta kebiasaan masyarakat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penanganan malaria di Asmat masih menjadi tantangan besar bagi petugas kesehatan dan pemerintah. Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui faktor penyebab masih tingginya kejadian malaria agar kebijakan yang diambil lebih tepat.  KATA KUNCI prevalensi; malaria; endemik; Asmat; Papua ABSTRACT Malaria is still an endemic disease in Indonesia, despite years of government efforts to cure and prevent malaria. World Health Organization (WHO) has a goal to reduce malaria case incidence globally at least 90% in 2030 compared with 2015.Asmat is one of the high endemic areas in Indonesia, making Asmat one of the target areas for malaria elimination programs. However, the published data regarding malaria in Asmat is limited. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of malaria in Asmat in 2017 and assess the trend of malaria prevalence, as an indicator in evaluating malaria elimination programs. This study was descriptive observational research which was performed from March 17th until April 30th 2018, as part of Kuliah Kerja Nyata - Peduli Bencana (KKN-PB) Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), in Asmat Regency. This study was using secondary data analysis and environmental observation. Secondary data was obtained from Department of Health in Asmat Regency and presented descriptively. Environmental observation in Agats, Atsj, and Sawaerma District was also conducted to find out the possible risk factors of malaria. In 2017, malaria prevalence in Asmat was 12.37% with 7.9% cases being clinically diagnosed malaria, and the other 4.46% laboratory diagnosed malaria. The prevalence in 2017 was higher than in 2016. Among all the districts in Asmat, Atsj had the highest prevalence (27.70%). Malaria prevalence was possibly affected by multiple factors, such as physical environment (temperature, humidity, houses’ wall density, and the use of wire net), biological environment (house surrounded by bush or swamp), chemical environment (pH and salinity), and habits in community. These findings suggest that malaria control is still a big challenge for health-care workers and government. Further research is needed to study the exact causes of high malaria prevalence in Asmat, so that more appropriate policies can be done to overcome the problem.KEYWORDS prevalence; malaria; endemic; Asmat; Papua

scholarly journals Coronavirus Disease 2019 Occupational Considerations for Surgeons: A Review Article

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Seyed Hesamaddin Banihashemi ◽  
Ahmadreza Karimi ◽  
Hasti Nikourazm ◽  
Behnaz Bahmanyar ◽  
Dariush Hooshyar
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Review Article ◽  
World Health ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus and its associated disease, called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), first appeared in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and quickly spread around the world. Coronavirus was officially named COVID-19 by the World Health Organization and was recognized as a pandemic due to its rapid spread worldwide. Based on the published data, it is hoped to provide a source for later studies and to help prevent and control the contagious COVID-19 and its characteristics, and considerations that surgeons and medical staff must observe during the epidemic.

Country-Owned, Country-Driven: Perspectives from the World Health Organization on Malaria Elimination

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-27
Author(s):  
Kim A. Lindblade ◽  
Xiao Hong Li ◽  
Gawrie Loku Galappaththy ◽  
Abdisalan Noor ◽  
Jan Kolaczinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Malaria Elimination ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

scholarly journals Klasifikasi Wilayah Provinsi Aceh Berdasarkan Tingkat Kerentanan Kasus Malaria Tahun 2015 – 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Aja Fatimah Zohra ◽  
Samsul Anwar ◽  
Aida Fitri ◽  
Muhammad Haikal Nasution
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Malaria Elimination ◽  
Plasmodium Knowlesi ◽  
Malaria Incidence ◽  
World Health ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Mann Whitney Test ◽  
Aceh Province ◽  
Health Organization

Latar belakang: Malaria merupakan salah satu kasus penyakit yang tidak pernah hilang. World Health Organization (WHO) memperkirakan sebanyak 300 hingga 500 juta orang terinfeksi malaria tiap tahunnya dengan angka kematian berkisar antara 1,5 hingga 2,7 juta pertahun. Pemerintah melalui Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional (RPJMN) tahun 2015-2019 menargetkan sebanyak 300 kabupaten/kota akan memiliki sertifikasi eliminasi malaria pada tahun 2019. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pendahuluan terkait dengan distribusi dan prevalensi kejadian malaria di Provinsi Aceh. Meskipun sebagian besar kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Aceh sudah memiliki sertifikat eliminasi malaria, akan tetapi sebagian wilayah masih terdapat kasus malaria yang relatif tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis parasit plasmodium yang paling dominan menyebabkan penyakit malaria dan mengklasifikasikan wilayah Provinsi Aceh yang rentan terserang kasus malaria berdasarkan indikator Annual Parasite Incidence (API).Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik kuantitatif dengan pendekatan data panel. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah kasus malaria yang terjadi di 23 kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Aceh dari tahun 2015 sampai 2018 yang bersumber dari Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Aceh. Metode statistik yang digunakan adalah analisis non-parametrik Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney test dan K-Means Clustering. Hasil: Terdapat tiga jenis parasit yang paling dominan menyebabkan kasus malaria di Provinsi Aceh yaitu plasmodium vivax, plasmodium falcifarum dan plasmodium knowlesi. Berdasarkan indikator Annual Parasite Incidence (API), metode K-means clustering menunjukkan bahwa Kabupaten Aceh Jaya, Kota Sabang dan Kabupaten Aceh Selatan merupakan tiga wilayah yang paling rentan untuk terserang kasus malaria di Provinsi Aceh.Simpulan: Jenis-jenis parasit penyebab kasus malaria tertinggi adalah plasmodium vivax, plasmodium falcifarum dan plasmodium knowlesi. Tiga wilayah di Provinsi Aceh yang paling rentan terserang kasus malaria berdasarkan indikator API adalah Kabupaten Aceh Jaya, Kota Sabang dan Kabupaten Aceh Selatan.ABSTRACTTitle: Classification of Aceh Province Region Based on Vulnerability Levels of Malaria Cases in 2015 - 2018Background: Malaria is a case of an emerging disease. World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 300 to 500 million people are infected with malaria each year with mortality rate ranging from 1.5 to 2.7 million per year. The government through the National Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMN) for 2015-2019 targets as many as 300 districts/cities to have certification of malaria elimination in 2019. This is a preliminary study related to the distribution and prevalence of malaria incidence in Aceh Province. Although most districts/cities in Aceh Province have been awarded malaria elimination certificates, some regions still have relatively high cases of malaria. This study aims to determine the type of plasmodium parasite that is the most dominant cause of malaria and to classify the regions in Aceh Province that is vulnerable to malaria cases based on the Annual Parasite Incidence (API) indicator.Method: This study is a quantitative analytical research study with panel data approach. The sample in this study was malaria cases that occurred in 23 districts/cities in Aceh Province from 2015 to 2018 obtained from the Aceh Provincial Health Office. The statistical methods used in this study were the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney test and K-Means Clustering analyses.Result: There are three types of parasites which are the most dominant causes of malaria cases in Aceh Province, namely plasmodium vivax, plasmodium falcifarum and plasmodium knowlesi. Based on the Annual Parasite Incidence (API) indicator, the K-means clustering method shows that Aceh Jaya District, Sabang City and South Aceh District are the three most vulnerable areas for malaria in Aceh Province.Conclusion: The types of parasites that cause the highest malaria cases are plasmodium vivax, plasmodium falcifarum and plasmodium knowlesi. Three regions in Aceh Province that are most vulnerable to malaria cases based on API indicator are Aceh Jaya District, Sabang City and South Aceh District.

Aiming for Malaria elimination: World Health Organization

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 315 ◽  
Author(s):  
SaurabhRamBihariLal Shrivastava ◽  
PrateekS Shrivastava ◽  
Jegadeesh Ramasamy
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Malaria Elimination ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Organization

Assessment of Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) in Omdurman Voluntary Counselling and Testing Center (OVCTC)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 836-849
Author(s):  
MUSA Basheer MANSOUR ◽  
Sara Elsheikh Ahmedana
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Surgical Equipment ◽  
Needle Stick ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Health Organization

PEP is taking human immunodeficiency virus medicine (HIV) within 72 hours after possible exposure to HIV to prevent the occurrence of the disease. Significance: exposure to the needle, surgical equipment, and rape is a life-threatening condition for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), HIV, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) infection, tetanus, and syphilis. The objective of this study was to assess the PEP. Methods: It was a descriptive-analytical study in OVCTC in September 2008. 30 patients in study as the whole number. We included all patients attending the OVCTC and potential exposed either occupationally or through sexual intercourse and received antiretroviral therapy (ARV) agents as prophylaxis All cases diagnosed as HIV/AIDS and all persons need counseling were excluded in this study. Secondary data were collected from the records of the patients in OVCTC. Ethical considerations and clearance were taken from OVCTC and patients. It was accepted by the director. Results: In these study 30 cases fully described from the record and part of them were interviewed. Most cases (13) 43% in the age group 26 -35 years and the minority (2) 6% in age group (5 -15 years) and (2) 6% in age group (46-55years). Male (17)56.6% and Female (13)43.4%. Single (14) 46.6%, married (14)46.6%, widow (1)3.3% and divorced (1)3.3%. Most of them (21),70% are the health care professional, (27) 90% are educated and (26)86.3%lived in Khartoum. The equipment of exposure (28)93.3% due to needle stick, (1)3.3% due to rape and (1)3.3% due to rosary. (16)53.3%were expose in 2007, (12)40% in 2008 and (2)6.6% in 2006. All of them started needle stick protocol. The baseline of HIV testing is negative in all. All of them started Duovir according to world health organization guidelines and non-reported side effects or complications. Conclusion: Although PEP is offered in OVCTC according to world health organization (WHO) guidelines, pre and post-test counseling, ARV prophylaxis, and counseling including ARV side effects; the outcome is good, although the patients are not adherent to schedule follow-up in the center.

scholarly journals Malaria-free Certification in China: Achievements and Lessons Learned from the National Malaria Elimination Programme

Zoonoses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Feng ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Zhi-Gui Xia ◽  
Shui-Sen Zhou ◽  
Ning Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Malaria Elimination ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Elimination Programme ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Health Organization

Malaria was once one of the most severe public health problems in China. However, after 70 years of integrated interventions, substantial progress has been made, and remarkable milestones have been met in malaria elimination in China. On June 30th, 2021, China was officially certified as a malaria-free country by the World Health Organization. This paper highlights the achievements of, and lessons learned from the malaria elimination programme.

scholarly journals Analisis Keputusan Indonesia terhadap WHO FCTC pada Masa Kepemimpinan Presiden Joko Widodo Tahun 2014-2019

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-66
Author(s):  
Aloysius Anandyo Pambudi
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Legal Liability ◽  
World Health ◽  
Systemic Level ◽  
Organization Framework ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Online Sources

This article aims to analyze Indonesia’s decision on World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) in the leadership period of President Joko Widodo from 2014-2019. As one out of nine states which have not to sign and ratify WHO FCTC, historically Indonesia is one of the full drafting member states which actively involved in the convention’s making and negotiations since 1996. However, from 2003 until 2019, Indonesia still refuses to sign or ratify WHO FCTC. From past years, studies about Indonesia’s non-compliance decision on WHO FCTC limited by the analysis focused on domestic factors to explain state’s behavior, non-state actors’ interest, or discourse about tobacco control issues. This article provides an analysis of the state’s (Indonesia) behavior from the systemic level by using the theory of international regime’s functions. By using secondary data obtained from official documents of state or international organizations, books, journals, and other online sources linked to Indonesia’s decision on WHO FCTC, this article shows that Indonesia’s non-compliance decision to WHO FCTC in the leadership of President Joko Widodo from 2014-2019, caused by Indonesian government’s negative interpretations to the legal liability, reducing cost, and information facilitation functions of WHO FCTC.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Stunting According to WHO Growth Standards and Indonesian Growth Reference Charts: A Descriptive Study from Blega Sub-District

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Nafiys Hilmy ◽  
Maitsa' Fatharani
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Growth Charts ◽  
Growth Standards ◽  
Growth Reference ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
National Growth

Stunting is one of the remaining health issues in Indonesia and its prevalence was still high in the last decades. There are two types of growth charts that can be used in recording the child's growth: growth standards and growth references. In recent times, the selection of the suitable growth charts has become a subject of discussion in many countries. The objective of this study is to describe the prevalence of stunting according to World Health Organization Child Growth Standards (WHOCGS) and Indonesian National Growth Reference Charts (INGRC) of children under five from the Blega sub-district. The secondary data from 2884 children were collected recapitulation of the 'Bulan Timbang' program in February 2020. Z-score of length/height-for-age was plotted according to WHOCGS and INGRC. The result showed that the prevalence of stunting were lower for the INGRC than WHOCGS (5.83% and 11.17%, with p-value <0.001). There was an advantage and disadvantage when using both two growth charts. Further research is still needed to support the result of this study. Keywords:  Stunting, World Health Organization Child Growth Standards, Indonesian National Growth Reference Charts

scholarly journals SCIENCE OF SALAT MOVEMENT IN COVID-19 ERA AND TURBULENCE ECONOMIC

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-142
Author(s):  
R Mochamad A
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
Economic Condition ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
Turbulence Data ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the salat movements associated with Covid-19 and economic turbulence. The secret in the salat movement gives health to the human body. By continuing to carry out the obligation of salat as a Muslim, and the current economic condition shaken by Covid-19, could become one of the strongholds of economic turbulence. Data is taken from content in the form of stages of ablution and salat movement, secondary data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), World Health Organization (WHO), International Monetary Fund (IMF), and Worldbank. This study uses a content analysis methodology, with a Hahslm theory approach that integrates Covid-19, Islamic economics and religiosity and the Koran. The results show that health, patience and religiosity can strengthen the resilience of Covid-19 as well as by offering salat to face the economic crisis.  Keywords: Islam, Health, Salat Movement, Covid-19,  Economy   Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis gerakan sholat yang berkaitan dengan Covid-19 serta turbulensi ekonomi. Rahasia dalam gerakan shalat memberikan kesehatan bagi tubuh manusia. Dengan tetap menjalankan kewajiban salat sebagai seorang umat Islam, dan keaadan ekonomi saat ini yang  tergunvang oleh Covid-19 bisa menjadi salah satu benteng pertahanan terhadap turbelensi ekonomi. Data diambil dari konten berupa tahapan wudu dan gerakan salat, data sekunder diperoleh dari Biro Pusat Statistik (BPS), World Health Organization (WHO), International Monetary Fund (IMF), dan Worldbank. Studi ini menggunakan metodologi analisis konten, dengan pendekatan teori Hahslm yang mengintegrasikan Covid-19, ekonomi dan religiusitas Islam dan Al-Quran. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kesehatan, kesabaran, dan religiusitas dapat memperkuat ketahanan diri dari Covid-19 serta dengan salat untuk menghadapi krisis ekonomi. Kata-kata kunci: Islam, Kesehatan, Gerakan Shalat, Covid-19, Ekonomi

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