An Analysis of the Jet Fuel Consumption and the GHG Emission by the Flight Phase

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Hyoung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Flight Phase

Renewable Fuel Performance in a Legacy Military Diesel Engine

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard J. Hamilton ◽  
Sherry A. Williams ◽  
Richard A. Kamin ◽  
Matthew A. Carr ◽  
Patrick A. Caton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Ignition Delay ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Load Range ◽  
Engine Torque ◽  
Brake Torque ◽  
Renewable Fuel

A new Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO) from the camelina plant has been processed into a Hydrotreated Renewable Jet (HRJ) fuel. This HRJ fuel was tested in an extensively instrumented legacy military diesel engine along with conventional Navy jet fuel JP-5. Both fuels performed well across the speed-load range of this HMMWV engine. The high cetane value of the HRJ leads to modestly shorter ignition delay. The longer ignition delay of JP-5 delivers shorter overall combustion durations, with associated higher indicated engine torque levels. Both brake torque and brake fuel consumption are better with conventional JP-5 by up to ten percent, due to more ideal combustion characteristics.

A STUDY ON THE ESTABLISHMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CONSERVATION PROGRAM IN ARUN LNG PLANT

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahidin Mahidin ◽  
Hamdani Hamdani ◽  
Jailani Ibrahim ◽  
Teuku Zubir ◽  
Agus Nur Yasin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Conservation Program ◽  
Liquefaction Plant ◽  
Gas Refinery

Energy conservation is an important issue in all sectoral activities, especially in processing industries such as natural gas refinery and liquefaction plant, petrochemical and cement mill in which energy isused in large amount. This paper presents a discussion on the experience in establishment and implementation the energy conservation program, including the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission achieved in the last four years in Arun LNG Plant, a commercial natural gas liquefaction plant in Aceh, Indonesia with a capacity of 2.2 million ton LNG per year. In addition, an analysis on the specific energy consumption and CO2 reduction is provided. The Energy Management Matrix was adopted in assessment of the energy management implementation in theArun LNG Plant. It was found that the efficiency of the plant tended to decrease from year to year, which was represented by the specificity of fuel consumption (accounted based on the LNG product). In 2010 the specific fuel consumption was 0.0088 mmscf per m3 LNG product; it was up to 0.0234 in 2013. Fortunately, it was observed that the specific CO2 reduction (calculated on the LNG product basis) increased during tlast four years; in 2010 and 2013 the specific CO2 reduction was 0.195 and 0.518 ton per 105 m3 LNG produced, respectively.

scholarly journals The EU ETS and Aviation: Evaluating the Effectiveness of the EU Emission Trading System in Reducing Emissions from Air Travel

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-120
Author(s):  
A. M. Heiaas
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Emission Trading ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Eu Ets ◽  
Emission Trading System ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Eu

Over the past 30 years, the aviation industry has seen record-breaking growth whilst enjoying exemptions from most taxes and VAT charges. Currently, the aviation sector is considered one of the fastest-growing greenhouse gas emissions sources. Attempting to reduce these emissions in a cost-effective manner, the EU decided in 2012 to include all flights entering and leaving the EU in their Emission Trading System (EU ETS). It was quickly changed to only include travel within the EU. Nevertheless, as the largest cap-and-trade system in the world, the purpose of the EU ETS is to control the growth of emissions by issuing pollution permit rights. The idea is that by setting an emission ceiling and allowing trade between sectors, emission abatement will happen where it is cheapest and easiest to do. This paper explores whether the EU ETS succeeded in reducing the aviation sector emissions over the period 2012–2018 by employing a General Synthetic Control model to estimate a counterfactual scenario. When using jet fuel consumption as a proxy for emissions, the results indicate that on average the EU ETS led to a 10 per cent increase in jet fuel consumption relative to a scenario where it was not implemented. However, the paper fails to conclude a causal relationship between EU ETS and jet fuel consumption due to drawbacks with the data. Nevertheless, it provides a starting point for future ex-post research concerned with aviation and carbon pricing in the European market.

scholarly journals Performance and emissions of a single cylinder diesel engine operating with rapeseed oil and jp-8 fuel blends

2015 ◽  
Vol 162 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Gvidonas Labeckas ◽  
Irena Kanapkienė
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Engine Load ◽  
Fuel Blends

The article presents experimental test results of a DI single-cylinder, air-cooled diesel engine FL 511 operating with the normal (class 2) diesel fuel (DF), rapeseed oil (RO) and its 10%, 20% and 30% (v/v) blends with aviation-turbine fuel JP-8 (NATO code F-34). The purpose of the research was to analyse the effects of using various rapeseed oil and jet fuel RO90, RO80 and RO70 blends on brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, emissions and smoke of the exhaust. The test results of engine operation with various rapeseed oil and jet fuel blends compared with the respective parameters obtained when operating with neat rapeseed oil and those a straight diesel develops at full (100%) engine load and maximum brake torque speed of 2000 rpm. The research results showed that jet fuel added to rapeseed oil allows to decrease the value of kinematic viscosity making such blends suitable for the diesel engines. Using of rapeseed oil and jet fuel blends proved themselves as an effective measure to maintain fuel-efficient performance of a DI diesel engine. The brake specific fuel consumption decreased by about 6.1% (313.4 g/kW·h) and brake thermal efficiency increase by nearly 1.0% (0.296) compared with the respective values a fully (100%) loaded engine fuelled with pure RO at the same test conditions. The maximum NOx emission was up to 13.7% higher, but the CO emissions and smoke opacity of the exhaust 50.0% and 3.4% lower, respectively, for the engine powered with biofuel blend RO70 compared with those values produced by the combustion of neat rapeseed oil at full (100%) engine load and speed of 2000 rpm.

A Modelling System for Power Consumption of Marine Traffic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Anton Tvete ◽  
Bingjie Guo ◽  
Qin Liang ◽  
Hendrik Brinks
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Wave Condition ◽  
Hydrodynamical Models

Abstract The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has enforced stricter limit on the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission due to environment and climate concern. The measures to reduce GHG emissions from shipping can be divided into two groups. The first one is to improve ship energy efficiency through new technology, optimized operation and logistics, and the second one is to introduce alternative fuels with lower carbon intensity. However, the effectiveness and applicability of any measure depend on ship type, ship size, operation type, operation environment (wind and wave condition), as well as the cost of the measure. It is necessary to evaluate new measures in real shipping scenario. Modeling of ship fuel consumption and emission are fundamental input to evaluate the impacts of shipping on the environment and climate, and to evaluate new measures for reducing GHG emission. A modeling system is developed to estimate ship fuel consumption and emission, based on ship hydrodynamical models, information from Automatic Identification System (AIS), the IHS Fairplay database and metocean data. The modeling system aims to cover most of the ship types equipped with AIS transponders, and it will provide different hydrodynamical models to calculate fuel consumption based on the available ship information. In the paper, the modeling system will be described, and the power consumption from the modeling system are compared with the measurement data on one container ship. The comparison shows that the power consumption predicted with the modeling system agrees with measurement data well. The effects of weather data and measured speed on predicted power consumption are also analyzed.

Potential Contribution of Deflection-Induced Fuel Consumption to U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (8) ◽  
pp. 931-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hessam AzariJafari ◽  
Jeremy Gregory ◽  
Randolph Kirchain
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Business As Usual

Various methods have been proposed to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with transportation. We investigate the potential of increasing the elastic modulus of pavement surface layers across the entire U.S. pavement network as a means of lowering vehicle excess fuel consumption (EFC) resulting from deflection-induced pavement–vehicle interaction. We show that in a business-as-usual case deflection-induced EFC represents up to 2660 million metric tons (Mt) over a 50-year analysis period. Elastic modulus increases can be accomplished using several currently implementable methods. The analysis shows that increasing the modulus of elasticity using 10% resurfacing in the network per year leads to an 18% reduction of GHG emissions from the pavement network, or 440 Mt CO2eq, over a 50-year analysis period. This would potentially offset 0.5% of the future GHG emission of the whole transportation sector.

Modeling of Hybrid Cooling Systems for Shipboard Application

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Cao ◽  
Hoseong Lee ◽  
Yunho Hwang ◽  
Reinhard Radermacher
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Hybrid Cooling ◽  
Space Cooling

A vapor compression cycle (VCC) powered by the diesel generator is typically used in space cooling for the shipboard application. This system consumes large amounts of electricity. In an effort to reduce fuel consumption for cooling, two solar powered hybrid cooling system options are proposed. The first one is to use VCC with solar photovoltaic (PV) panels and the second one is to use absorption cycle (ABC) with evacuated thermal collectors (ETC). Control strategies have been set up for all three scenarios to provide space cooling for guest rooms on a cruise ship. In addition, for the PV powered VCC case, the optimum battery storage system size was investigated. It was found that the optimized PV system could reduce yearly fuel consumption and life time greenhouse gas (GHG) emission by 98% and 93%, respectively. The ETC powered ABC system would reduce the fuel consumption and GHG emission by 78% and 75%, respectively. The cost analysis indicates that the ETC system has lowest life time cost, which is 28% of the baseline scenario and 23% of the PV system.

scholarly journals Combustion and Emissions Characteristics of the Turbine Engine Fueled with HEFA Blends from Different Feedstocks

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartosz Gawron ◽  
Tomasz Białecki ◽  
Anna Janicka ◽  
Tomasz Suchocki
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Performance And Emission

In the next decade, due to the desire for significant reduction in the carbon footprint left by the aviation sector and the development of a sustainable alternatives to petroleum, fuel from renewable sources will play an increasing role as a propellant for turbine aircraft engines. Currently, apart from five types of jet fuel containing synthesized hydrocarbons that are certified by the ASTM D7566 standard, there is yet another synthetic blending component that is at the stage of testing and certification. Hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids enable the production of a synthetic component for jet fuel from any form of native fat or oil. Used feedstock affects the final synthetic blending component composition and consequently the properties of the blend for jet fuel and, as a result, the operation of turbine engines. A specialized laboratory test rig with a miniature turbojet engine was used for research, which is an interesting alternative to complex and expensive tests with full scale turbine engines. The results of this study revealed the differences in the parameters of engine performance and emission characteristics between tested fuels with synthetic blending components and neat jet fuel. The synthetic blending component was obtained from two different feedstock. Noticeable changes were obtained for fuel consumption, CO and NOx emissions. With the addition of the hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids (HEFA) component, the fuel consumption and CO emissions decrease. The opposite trend was observed for NOx emission. The tests presented in this article are a continuation of the authors’ research area related to alternative fuels for aviation.

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