scholarly journals CAPITAL OF ENTERPRISE: SHORTCOMINGS OF DEFINITION OF ITS ESSENCE AND REFLECTION OF CIRCULATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-62
Author(s):  
Alla Meish
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Approach ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Deductive Method ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Given ◽  
Statistical Indicators ◽  
Is Value

The article focuses on the different understanding of the category of capital and the reflection of its circulation by scholars. These divergences are not only terminological but also semantic. The relevance of the given article proceeds from the necessity of clarification of their essence. The purpose of the article is determined as an attempt to substantiate author's views on the essence of capital that is the research object. Based on contextual approach as a main research methodology, and also using deductive method, structural-logical and economic-statistical analysis, it is proved that capital is value of fixed and circulating assets, and the disjunction of these categories is mistaken. The studies of the statistical indicators of some Ukrainian enterprises confirm that misunderstanding of the essence of capital, and especially its circulation in the process of economic activity may lead to bankruptcy of enterprises rather than to their development. The research results will contribute both to improving the teaching of economic disciplines through greater clarity of the mentioned categories, and promotion of business development, as it will allow enterprise to clearly understand the role of capital in carrying out the economic activities of enterprises and thereby actively influence the implementation of its circulation.

Institutions, Models of Capitalism and Inequality in Income Distribution: An Empirical Investigation

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilberto Antonelli ◽  
Pinuccia P Calia ◽  
Giovanni Guidetti
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Econometric Evidence ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Statistical Indicators ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract The article analyses the role of institutions in the determination of income inequality in a sample of OECD countries. Basing on the seminal approach by Amable, the article discusses the theoretical definition of model of capitalism. The basic idea is that each model of capitalism is defined by the cobweb of complementary relationships established among different institutions. Using a set of statistical indicators of the operation of institutions in two different years, 1995 and 2010, the empirical analysis points out five models of capitalism and exhibits how their composition has changed in this lapse of 15 years. In the following sections of the article, we investigate the role played by the model of capitalism in the determination of income distribution, measured through a standard Gini index. After controlling for a set of variables, the econometric evidence shows that different models of capitalism present significantly different levels of income inequality.

scholarly journals The conceptual sphere of the modern English pedagogical discourse

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Gayane R. Nersesyan
Keyword(s):  
Functional Role ◽  
Wide Scope ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Pedagogical Discourse ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Way

The given article investigates the conceptual sphere of the modern English pedagogical discourse. The purpose of the paper is presented by the identification of the main concepts of discourse and the ways they are verbalised by means of language. In order to meet the aim the author touches upon the main approaches to the notion “concept”, as well as the concepts already identified in the pedagogical discourse. The main research is represented by the linguacognitive, pragma-semantic, and discourse analyses of the English pedagogical discourse, represented by the authentic pedagogical articles, along with the identification of its main concepts which reflect a wide range of both social and pedagogical processes. The results of the analysis represent the English pedagogical discourse to be rather independent conceptual sphere showing its own features. The identified concepts TOLERANCE, MULTICULTURALISM, PROFICIENCY and LANGUAGE show the strong interconnection between current social phenomena and the pedagogical sphere affecting the way individuals explore the world. The actualization of these concepts becomes possible with the help of language that implements dominant lexemes, derivatives, synonyms, evaluation, and other language means to deliver the functional role of the English pedagogical discourse. The research allows us to conclude that this very type of the discourse, its conceptual sphere and complex pragmatic-communicative charge still represent a wide scope for further research that is yet to be conducted.

Pricing to market: market value – the enigma of misunderstanding

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick French ◽  
Neil Crosby ◽  
Chris Thorne
Keyword(s):  
Market Value ◽  
Property Market ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Valuation Process ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Is Value

PurposeMarket value is an estimation of price in the market. It is value in exchange. The valuer's role is to determine the appropriate approach, the method and use the right model to achieve this aim as best as possible. However, underpinning all valuations and property analysis are valuation standards and definitions. This paper looks at the definition of market value and how some market participants may misunderstand or even misrepresent it. This is particularly true when there is a downturn in the market.Design/methodology/approachThis practice briefing is an overview of the role of market value as a definition of price and how it is often misused by stakeholders in the property market.FindingsThis briefing is a review of the valuation definitions clarifying what they mean and what they do not mean.Practical implicationsThe role of the valuer in practice is to use the appropriate definition for the task in hand. The understanding of those definitions is central to the valuation process.Originality/valueThis provides guidance on how valuation definitions can be presented to the client in accordance with the International Valuation Standards.

scholarly journals PENINGKATAN PEMAHAMAN DEFINISI LOGARITMA MELALUI PENGGUNAAN ILUSTRASI GAMBAR

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neneng Hesti Handayani Ningsih
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Learning Mathematics ◽  
Role Of Teachers ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Given

The reality of the process of learning mathematics that occurs commonly in the field it’s complicating dan confusing students. This is very impact on interest and student learning outcomes. One of the alternative to improve students in understanding the definition of logarithms. The purpose of this study is to know the understanding of learning concepts and to know the response of students during the learning process. The research was located at SMA Negeri 15 Bandung, in class XII-Language, the number of students 20 people consisting of 6 male students and 14 female students. The location is on jl. Sarimanis I Sarijadi Bandung. Classroom action research method with research design consists of 4 (four) stages: planning, implementation, observation and reflection. The study was conducted 2 cycles. Reflection results of the 1st cycle used as the 2nd cycle’s plan material in order to the 2nd cycle of learning process more focused. The results concluded that: The use of image illustration media can improve the concept of logarithm definition. The results of questionnaires and interviews with students showed all students were happy with the learning process, all students interested in discussing with friends, all students declared the role of teachers help in working easily and interactively, most assume the given problem is not too difficult, most students more active, and all students love to solve the problem of logarithm by using illustration of the picture. The method of group teaching is more appropriate because students can communicate with other friends so that all students can understand the definition of logarithms correctly. Keywords: Image illustration, logarithm definition, concept comprehension

scholarly journals THEORETICAL SUBSTANTIATION OF THE DEFINITION OF CRYPTOCURRENCY AS MONEY

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
Ihor Honak
Keyword(s):  
Payment Systems ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Monetary Aggregate ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Paper Money ◽  
High Volatility ◽  
New Type ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Low Prevalence

Purpose. The aim of the article is elaboration of theoretical and practical aspects of definition and functioning of cryptocurrencies as money. Methodology of research. The following methods were used in the study: statistical analysis and comparison – in the study of problematic aspects of the definition of cryptocurrency as a kind of money; logical assessment – in substantiating the principles of determining cryptocurrency as a kind of money; generalization – in the process of formulating conclusions based on the results of the analysis. Findings. It is established that money is a financial asset with high liquidity, which can be quickly converted into paper money or coins, serve as an intermediary in money circulation (i.e. play the role of equivalent in exchange) and can be used for savings and therefore anything that can function as money, are money (including cryptocurrency coins). It is substantiated that cryptocurrency coins, as a type of money, perform the following functions: there is a potential to perform the function of a measure of value after reducing the significant volatility of the value of cryptocurrencies; partly as a medium of exchange due to high volatility, regulatory resistance and low prevalence, but prevalence will increase as traditional payment systems begin to integrate cryptocurrencies, cryptocurrencies have high convenience and inclusiveness, have the potential to reduce transaction costs, increase settlement speeds, develop cryptocurrency markets and increasing their prevalence; due to opposition from ESG investors and regulators, low confidence from a significant number of citizens (especially over the age of forty) and a significant speculative component of cryptocurrency coins, only partially serve as a means of accumulation, however, the demand for cryptocurrencies from investors is constantly growing. Originality. The definition of cryptocurrency (cryptocurrency coin, cryptocoin) as a new digital type of money, which can measure the value of goods, services and other currencies, used for circulation, savings and investment, protected by cryptographic code with the inability to counterfeit or copy, and issue which everyone has the opportunity with the Internet and the necessary equipment with complete anonymity of the issuer (miner). Practical value. The main results of the conducted study will create favourable conditions for a better understanding of cryptocurrency as a new type of money, which will allow them to be more widely used in the economic activities of businesses and countries. Key words: money, cryptocurrency, cryptocoin, cryptocurrency coin, mining, cryptocurrency functions, Ethereum, Monero, monetary aggregate.

scholarly journals Why Extending Actions through Time Can Violate a Moral Right to Privacy

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Lundgren
Keyword(s):  
Right To Privacy ◽  
The Right To Privacy ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Given ◽  
Related Harm ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Reverse Position

Recently, Ingmar Persson and Julian Savulescu argued that an action that does not violate a moral right to privacy cannot violate that right if it is extended over time. Specifically, they argue that a moral right to privacy does not protect against gawking or stalking. In this reply the reverse position is defended. Specifically, it is argued that their arguments fails on according to their own definition of the right to privacy. Furthermore, it is argued and illustrated by examples that this conceptual conclusion holds for many other conceptions of the right to privacy. Moreover, it is argued that Persson and Savluescu fail to recognize the privacy-related harm extended to individuals through gawking or stalking. Lastly, the article ends by sketching how the role of privacy in public and consent relates to the given examples.

scholarly journals Towards understanding of classes versus data types in conceptual modeling and UML

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-539
Author(s):  
Dragan Milicev
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Conceptual Modeling ◽  
Structured Data ◽  
Semantic Interpretation ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Unambiguous Discrimination ◽  
Relationship Types ◽  
Object Based ◽  
The Given

Traditional conceptual modeling and UML take different vague, ambiguous, and apparently incompatible approaches to making a distinction between two different entity types - classes and data types. In this paper, an in-depth theoretical study of these ambiguities and discrepancies is given and a new semantic interpretation is proposed for consolidation. The interpretation is founded on the premise that populations of the two kinds of entity types are defined in two substantially different ways: by intensional (for data types) and extensional (for classes) definitions. The notion of a generative relationship set is introduced to explain the role of specific relationship types that are used to define populations of structured data types by cross-combinations of populations of the related entity types. Finally, some important semantic consequences are described through the proposed interpretation: value-based vs. object-based semantics, associations vs. attributes, and identity vs. identification. The given interpretation is based on runtime semantics and allows for fully unambiguous discrimination of the related concepts, yet it fits into intuitive understanding and common practical usage of these concepts.

scholarly journals РОЛЬ ФИНАНСОВЫХ КОНТРОЛЕРОВ В ФОРМИРОВАНИИ КРЕДИТНОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ

2017 ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
Oleg Aleksandrovich Klokar
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Credit Policy ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Agrarian Sector ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Agricultural Enterprise ◽  
Definition Of

The development of multi-vector economy, effective implementation of reforms in this sphere as well as improvement of living standards is impossible without a qualitative operation of financial controlling services, especially at agricultural enterprises. However, the lack of effective state support in this area as well as professional financial controllers in the agrarian sector had a negative impact not only on the resource provision, but also the whole profitability of enterprises in the industry. Therefore, at the present stage of development of Ukrainian agrarian sector the topical issue is definition of common principles for the implementation of effective financial and credit policy at the agricultural industry of the economy. Given the topicality of the above issue and lack of its study, the main purpose of this Research is a determination of the role of financial controllers staff in the formation of the credit policy of agricultural enterprises and measures for its enhancement. As a result of the analysis, we have found that financial controlling together with all its components provides for timely reflection and provision of information on financial and economic activities to external and internal users by experts for the purpose of further planning and implementation of their management decisions. In addition, taking into account the above approach, we have identified the main stages in the formation of the credit policy at agricultural enterprises with the participation of controlling services staff. They include both financial controllers’ analysis of an agricultural enterprise activity on the possibility of its crediting and scientific and practical approaches to the implementation of specific credit policies. We also have found that, first of all, it is necessary to involve financial controllers in all micro and macro credit development processes in order to increase the role of controlling services in the formation of the credit policy at agricultural enterprises. The above approach is comprehensive and provides the conditions for a differential study of the problem of the effective financial controllers’ performance at enterprises of the agrarian sector of the economy at both national and regional levels.

scholarly journals Comparative estimation of life quality in women of early postmenopausal period depending on level of mdbt after menopausae developed in the natural way and as a result of ovarioectomia

2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-48
Author(s):  
I. Е. Zazerskaja ◽  
V. G. Jakovlev ◽  
L. А. Alexandrova ◽  
А. V. Djachuk ◽  
D. А. Niauri
Keyword(s):  
Life Quality ◽  
Estrogen Deficiency ◽  
Climacteric Symptoms ◽  
Painful Syndrome ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Deficiency Diseases ◽  
The Given ◽  
Natural Way

Last years the attention of researchers is involved in studying of role of calcic homeostasis infringements in development of not only bone rarefication, but also osteoartrosis, arteriosclerosis, arterial hypertension, demention. Mentioned diseases, alongside with a bone rarefication, are the most frequently occured in persons of advanced age. The given pathology is offered for defining(determining) as estrogen- deficiency diseases, calcium-scarcediseases. The definition of pathogenetic interrelation between metabolic infringements in postmenopause and the various somatic pathology arising during the given period of time still remains one of the actual problems. The purpose of the present research was studying frequency of occurrence, a degree of expressiveness of climacteric symptoms and extragenital diseases depending on level of MDBT at women with identical duration of estrogen deficiency conditions after the introduction in natural and surgical menopause. 120 women in the age of44-54 years old (mean age 52,50,4 y.o.) were examined and included in the 1st group of study, the Ilnd group consisted of 80 women after ovarioectomy in the age of 38-52 y.o. (mean age 46,22,3 y.o.). There were revealed that life quality of women who had entered in postmenopause after ovarioectomy was worse in comparison with life quality of women in natural postmenopause. The certain interrelation between degree of some climacteric symptoms expressiveness, intensity of painful syndrome in osteo-muscular system, prevalence of extragenitaldiseases and level of MDBT was revealed.

scholarly journals The Role of Cooperative Bank in the Development of Agricultural Holdings Based on the Example of the Bielsk Podlaski County

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-157
Author(s):  
Mikołaj Jalinik ◽  
Krzysztof Łukaszuk
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Domestic Literature ◽  
Management Board ◽  
Deductive Method ◽  
National Bank ◽  
Cooperative Banks ◽  
Relevant Material

SummarySubject and purpose of work: The aim of the work is to define the importance of banks in the development of agricultural holdings and the role they play in rural environment.Materials and methods: The relevant material was analysed on the basis of domestic literature concerning a range of banking products offered to natural and legal persons and by the inductive-deductive method.Results: The source of data used for conducting the analyses and drawing conclusions is the information obtained from the Cooperative Bank in Bielsk Podlaski.Conclusions: 1. The goal of cooperative banks is to provide the inhabitants of villages with access to banking services, including credits with attractive interest rates. 2. The services of a cooperative bank are most frequently used by farmers, craftsmen and teachers. 3. In Poland, cooperative banks operate on the basis of: the Foreign Exchange Act, the Payment Services Act, the Act on Freedom of Economic Activities, the Act on the National Bank of Poland, the Act on the National Guarantee Fund, the Law on Bankruptcy and the Rehabilitation Act, as well as on the resolutions of the Management Board of the National Bank of Poland.

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