scholarly journals The impact of child care on child development in daycare and at home

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-294
Author(s):  
Archie Arman Dwiyatna ◽  
◽  
Irwanto Irwanto ◽  
Yunias Setiawati ◽  
Indrayuni Lukitra Wardhani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Volume ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Working Parents ◽  
Continuous Evaluation ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Insufficient Amount ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain ◽  
At Home

Background: The insufficient amount of time allocated by working parents is one of the causes of reduced interaction between parents and children. Consequently, the solution of entrusting children to daycare centres remains a choice. The development of children aged 3–72 months is extremely significant because the brain volume develops to reach 95% of the adult brain volume. This makes the stimulation provided by caregivers extremely important. This study aimed to identify differences in the development of children entrusted to daycare centres compared to the home care. Methods: The study was performed in Surabaya, Indonesia. The total sample was divided into 2 groups of children aged 3–72 months, one group was cared for at home, and the other in the daycare setting. The subjects were assessed using Indonesia’s Prescreening Developmental Questionnaire (PDQ) to determine their development. The assessment was conducted twice, with the second evaluation taking place 6 months after the first analysis. Results: We analysed data from 193 children. The children cared for at home differed significantly (53.3%) from the children entrusted to daycare centres (38.8%) in the first assessment, while in the second assessment 44.4% of the former group experienced a disruption of their personal-social skills, compared 38.8% in the latter. Gross motor and speech-language skills changed significantly improved in 6 months’ evaluations. Conclusion: There were no differences between the development of children being cared for at home and those that were entrusted to daycare centres over 6 months of continuous evaluation.

scholarly journals Perspectives of Infant Active Play: A Qualitative Comparison of Working Versus Stay-at-home Parents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kailey Snyder ◽  
John P Rech ◽  
Kim Masuda ◽  
Danae Dinkel
Keyword(s):  
Structured Interview ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Working Parents ◽  
Qualitative Comparison ◽  
Active Play ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Working Status ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background: Parents play a key role in infants’ development through their interactions and the type of environment they provide for their child to promote active play. The amount of time parents are able to spend with their infant is dependent on their working status, yet few studies have explored parents’ perceptions of their infants’ active play by parental working status. The purpose of this study was to explore parents’ perceptions of active play and compare responses between working and stay at home parents. Methods: Twenty-nine parents participated in this qualitative study by completing a one-time, in-person semi-structured interview based on the Theory of Planned Behavior. Themes were developed and the proportion of working and stay at home parents who responded within each theme were used to compare for differences between working status using a directed content analysis approach. Results: All parents believed active play could have a positive effect on their child’s development through physical, social and emotional, cognitive, and/or language and communication development. However, stay at home parents reported a broader impact of active play across these domains; whereas working parents most often referenced active play as impacting infant’s physical development. Social and emotional interactions were the highest reported form of active play among all parents. Additionally, all parents described similar barriers to increasing the time for active play. The most commonly reported barrier for all parents was time or schedule followed by care needs of the infant, environmental concerns, and need for restrictive devices (e.g., car seats). More stay at home parents than working parents reported the care needs of the infant as being a barrier. Recommendations for active play were not widely known amongst all parents, with a higher percentage of working parents reporting they would listen to a healthcare provider.Conclusions: Working status of parents seems to have implications on certain aspects and perceptions of active play which in turn may influence infants’ physical development. Future studies should objectively assess the impact of parents’ working status on infant development and explore how gender of the parent may serve as a confounding variable.

scholarly journals Interplay between Metabolism, Nutrition and Epigenetics in Shaping Brain DNA Methylation, Neural Function and Behavior

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommaso Pizzorusso ◽  
Paola Tognini
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Cytosine Methylation ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Neural Function ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Dna Hydroxymethylation ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

Gene expression in the brain is dramatically regulated by a variety of stimuli. While the role of neural activity has been extensively studied, less is known about the effects of metabolism and nutrition on transcriptional control mechanisms in the brain. Extracellular signals are integrated at the chromatin level through dynamic modifications of epigenetic marks, which in turn fine-tune gene transcription. In the last twenty years, it has become clear that epigenetics plays a crucial role in modulating central nervous system functions and finally behavior. Here, we will focus on the effect of metabolic signals in shaping brain DNA methylation, both during development and adulthood. We will provide an overview of maternal nutrition effects on brain methylation and behavior in offspring. In addition, the impact of different diet challenges on cytosine methylation dynamics in the adult brain will be discussed. Finally, the possible role played by the metabolic status in modulating DNA hydroxymethylation, which is particularly abundant in neural tissue, will be considered.

scholarly journals COVID-19 prevalence and predictors in United States adults during peak stay-at-home orders

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245586
Author(s):  
Robert Morlock ◽  
Amy Morlock ◽  
Martha Downen ◽  
Sonali N. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Home

Background Early recognition of COVID-19 cases is essential for effective public health measures aimed at isolation of individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS–COV-2). The objective of this study was to describe characteristics, self-reported symptoms, and predictors of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection in a community-based sample. Methods and findings This was a cross-sectional nationwide survey of adults in the US conducted between April 24 through May 13, 2020. The survey targeted a representative sample of approximately 5,000 respondents. The rate of COVID-19 cases and testing, most frequently reported symptoms, symptom severity, treatment received, impact of COVID-19 on mental and physical health, and factors predictive of testing positive were assessed. Most of the 5,203 participants (85.6%) reported no COVID-19-like symptoms. Of the 747 (14.5%) participants reporting COVID-19-like symptoms, 367 (49.1%) obtained a diagnostic test. Eighty-nine participants (24.3%) reported a positive COVID-19 test result, representing 1.7% of the total sample. For those testing positive, the most common symptoms were dry cough, fever, and shortness of breath/difficulty breathing. Those who tested positive were more likely to report greater symptom severity versus those who tested negative. Severe dry cough, new loss of taste or smell, trouble waking up, living with someone experiencing symptoms, recent international travel, respiratory issues, and reporting ethnicity of Black or African American were predictive of testing positive. Conclusions This study assessed the impact of COVID-19 using community-level self-reported data across the US during the peak of most stay at home’ orders. Self-reported symptoms and risk factors identified in this study are consistent with the clinical profile emerging for COVID-19. In the absence of widespread testing, this study demonstrates the utility of a representative US community-based sample to provide direct-reported symptoms and outcomes to quickly identify high-risk individuals who are likely to test positive and should consider taking greater precautions.

Adult brain volume in multiple sclerosis: The impact of paediatric onset

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Fenu ◽  
L. Lorefice ◽  
L. Loi ◽  
V. Sechi ◽  
F. Contu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals ROS and Brain Diseases: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurel Popa-Wagner ◽  
Smaranda Mitran ◽  
Senthilkumar Sivanesan ◽  
Edwin Chang ◽  
Ana-Maria Buga
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Neuronal Structure ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Diseases ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

The brain is a major metabolizer of oxygen and yet has relatively feeble protective antioxidant mechanisms. This paper reviews the Janus-faced properties of reactive oxygen species. It will describe the positive aspects of moderately induced ROS but it will also outline recent research findings concerning the impact of oxidative and nitrooxidative stress on neuronal structure and function in neuropsychiatric diseases, including major depression. A common denominator of all neuropsychiatric diseases including schizophrenia and ADHD is an increased inflammatory response of the brain caused either by an exposure to proinflammatory agents during development or an accumulation of degenerated neurons, oxidized proteins, glycated products, or lipid peroxidation in the adult brain. Therefore, modulation of the prooxidant-antioxidant balance provides a therapeutic option which can be used to improve neuroprotection in response to oxidative stress. We also discuss the neuroprotective role of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) in the aged brain in response to oxidative stressors and nanoparticle-mediated delivery of ROS-scavenging drugs. The antioxidant therapy is a novel therapeutic strategy. However, the available drugs have pleiotropic actions and are not fully characterized in the clinic. Additional clinical trials are needed to assess the risks and benefits of antioxidant therapies for neuropsychiatric disorders.

scholarly journals The Impact of Head Trauma on Society

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie P. Ivan
Keyword(s):  
Head Trauma ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
The Road ◽  
Management Problems ◽  
Trauma Victims ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Football Field ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain ◽  
At Home

In this address I shall discuss head trauma from an angle which may be unusual for neuroscientists. Our preoccupations are diagnostic challenges and management problems, but that which we experience at the bedside is only a narrow segment of a continuum which started with trauma somewhere in a war, on the road, at home, on the football field, in the boxing ring, and in many other distinct locations. When our role is over, there are only three places where head trauma victims can be found; in cemeteries, where every year, 5,000 new graves are made to accommodate fatal head injuries in Canada; in chronic hospitals, which are already overloaded with victims of various insults to the brain, and, of course, within society, which accepts the fully recovered or tolerates the subtle and not so subtle consequences of so-called ‘minor’ head injuries.

scholarly journals Working from the Home Office and Homeschool(-ing): Experiences of Austrian Employees (Parents) in the Time of Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Michal Beno
Keyword(s):  
School Environment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Working Parents ◽  
Home Office ◽  
Entire Family ◽  
Living Space ◽  
Home Space ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Home And School ◽  
At Home

Due to Covid-19, many working parents are facing new challenges. The aim of this paper is to share their personal experiences and the best recommendations for resolving their difficulties. We summarise their complex thoughts on the subject of the home office in relation to the household, homeschooling and the education of all concerned. In order to address this question, a qualitative research paradigm using WhatsApp as a medium in order to explore the following research questions was used: 1) How are employees able to manage the home office, homeschooling and the household under one roof? and 2) Will WFH and homeschooling disadvantage working mothers more than working fathers? Data were collected from 10 working parents (five males and five females) in Austria. According to coding, four major themes were explored: 1) Compatibility, 2) Work/home space, 3) Work week separation and 4) Suggestions and organisational recommendations. It was determined that at the beginning of the lockdown drawing a clear boundary between the home, office and school environments caused some difficulties. Especially parents with younger children experienced problems of compatibility. Secondly, flexibility and housing in relation to the home-office-school environment was a common topic throughout the interviews. Furthermore, before Covid-19 all participants had a more classic separation of roles. Roles and expectations changed as all the family members stayed at home day in and day out. Finally, in privileged situations (more living space, jobs that could be done remotely or support of the entire family), it was often easier to deal with the current challenges. This pandemic has brought many changes in everyday life and in terms of performing old tasks and new ones. This includes work at home and homeschooling. The obtained data provide important insights into how to deal with the impact of Covid-19 on work, home and school while emphasising the importance of these questions as well as of future research for support and information.   Received: 31 March 2021 / Accepted: 26 May 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021

scholarly journals Perspectives of infant active play: a qualitative comparison of working versus stay-at-home parents

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kailey Snyder ◽  
John P. Rech ◽  
Kim Masuda ◽  
Danae Dinkel
Keyword(s):  
Structured Interview ◽  
Parent Perception ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Working Parents ◽  
Qualitative Comparison ◽  
Active Play ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Working Status ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background Parents play a key role in infant’s development through their interactions and the type of environment they provide to promote active play. The amount of time parents are able to spend with their infant is dependent on their working status, yet few studies have explored parent perception of their infant’s active play by working status. The purpose of this study was to explore parent perception of active play and compare responses between working and stay-at-home parents. Methods Twenty-nine parents participated in this qualitative study by completing a one-time, in-person semi-structured interview based on the Theory of Planned Behavior. Themes were developed and compared based on parental working status using a directed content analysis approach. Results All parents believed active play could have a positive effect on their child’s development through physical, social and emotional, cognitive, and/or language and communication development. However, stay-at-home parents reported a broader impact of active play across these domains; whereas working parents most often referenced active play as impacting infant’s physical development. Social and emotional interactions were the highest reported form of active play among all parents. Additionally, all parents described similar barriers to increasing the time for active play. The most commonly reported barrier for all parents was time or schedule followed by care needs of the infant, environmental concerns, and need for restrictive devices (e.g., car seats). More stay-at-home parents than working parents reported the care needs of the infant as being a barrier. Recommendations for active play were not widely known amongst all parents, with a higher percentage of working parents reporting they would desire advice from a healthcare provider. Conclusions Working status of parents appears to have implications on perceptions of active play which in turn may influence infants’ development. Future studies should objectively assess the impact of parents’ working status on infant development and explore how gender of the parent may serve as a confounding variable.

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