scholarly journals Spatial decision support for crop structure adjustment – a case study for selection of potential areas for sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) production

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
János Jóvér ◽  
Elza Kovács ◽  
Péter Riczu ◽  
János Tamás ◽  
Lajos Blaskó
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Great Hungarian Plain ◽  
Structure Adjustment ◽  
Hungarian Plain

One option for adaptation to climate change is to grow a wider variety of plant species. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is known to tolerate unfavourable environmental conditions, so it may be feasible to grow it on areas with extreme conditions to replace other species such as maize. Nowadays, spatial decision supporting systems primarily support the crop production process rather than crop structure adjustment. In this study, potential sorghum production sites in the Great Hungarian Plain were selected based on soil characteristics including genetic soil type, parent material, physical soil type, clay composition, water management, pH, organic matter content, topsoil thickness and fertility, as well as climatic data, particularly precipitation. For all the parameters the aim was to find the extreme values at which sorghum, which is less sensitive than maize, may still give an acceptable yield. By combining map layers of soil characteristics, it could be concluded that although the soil is suitable for sorghum on 40.46% of the Great Hungarian Plain, maize is generally a better choice economically. On the other hand, the soil conditions on 0.65% of the land are still suitable for sorghum but unfavourable for maize. As regards the precipitation demand of sorghum, May is the critical period; on 698,968 ha the precipitation required for germination was only recorded once in the period 1991-2010, so these areas cannot be considererd for sorghum. As a consequence, in an alternative crop rotation system sorghum could be competitive with maize, but both the soil and climate conditions and the demands of the crop need to be assessed. The lack of precipitation in critical phenophases significantly decreases the area where maize can survive. Sorghum, however, may produce an acceptable yield, as it is a drought-resistant species.

scholarly journals Effects of heathland management on seedling recruitment of common juniper (Juniperus communis)

2020 ◽  
Vol 153 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-198
Author(s):  
Pieter De Frenne ◽  
Robert Gruwez ◽  
Patrick W.F.M. Hommel ◽  
An De Schrijver ◽  
Rik P.J. Huiskes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Juniperus Communis ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Sod Cutting ◽  
Common Juniper

Background and aims – Common juniper (Juniperus communis L.) is one of the most widespread woody species on the planet. Over recent decades, however, common juniper populations are decreasing in size and number in different regions. Lack of recruitment, caused by extremely low seed viability and the absence of suitable microsites for recruitment, is the key reason for this decline. For successful germination, the seeds need gaps in the existing vegetation and a soil with a relatively high base saturation. The aim of this study was therefore to assess how management actions such as sod cutting, rotavation and liming (alone or in various combinations) influence soil characteristics, seed germination and seedling survival of common juniper.Methods – We installed a sowing experiment across 104 1-m2 plots in four different sites in Belgium and the Netherlands using treatments with different combinations of fencing, sod cutting, rotavation, litter addition and liming. We determined how these treatments affected soil characteristics and how they influenced seed germination and seedling survival.Key results and conclusions – Across the whole experiment, germination rates of juniper seeds were very low (almost always < 1%). Our results confirm that bare ground promotes the germination of juniper seeds. Secondly, higher silt and lutum (clay) proportions in the soil and higher soil organic matter content seemed to have a positive impact on recruitment, possibly due to drought reduction. Management actions that negatively affect those soil characteristics, such as deep sod cutting, should thus be avoided in heathlands on sandy soils. Our results reveal a complex relationship between seedling recruitment success, soil conditions and management of common juniper populations. Overall, combinations of fencing, (superficial) sod cutting and liming or rotavation were most successful.

scholarly journals Impacts of soil moisture level and organic matter content on growth of two Juncus species and Poa pratensis grown under acid soil conditions

Weed Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 490-500
Author(s):  
W Kaczmarek‐Derda ◽  
M Helgheim ◽  
J Netland ◽  
H Riley ◽  
K Wærnhus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Moisture Level

The Carpathian Mountain range and the enclosed interior

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabor Földvary
Keyword(s):  
Plate Tectonics ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Carpathian Basin ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Great Hungarian Plain ◽  
The Carpathians ◽  
Carpathian Mountain ◽  
Micro Plates ◽  
Basin System ◽  
Hungarian Plain

AbstractThe baffling duality of the Carpathian Mountain Range and the Basin it surrounds is briefly discussed. The various attempts at solving the nature of this duality, including plate tectonics with its micro-plates are mentioned. The component ranges of the Carpathians and the structural belts are given, followed by the discussion of the Carpathian Basin System, the Interior, consisting of the Great Hungarian Plain, Transdanubia, the two groups of Central Mountains, also the Apuseni (Bihar) Mountains and the Banat Contact Belt. Economic ore deposits are featured in the relevant sections.

Soil Type Modifies the Impacts of Warming and Snow Exclusion on Carbon and Nutrient Losses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie M. Juice ◽  
Paul G. Schaberg ◽  
Alexandra M. Kosiba ◽  
Carl E. Waite ◽  
Gary J. Hawley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Total N ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The varied and wide-reaching impacts of climate change are occurring across heterogeneous landscapes. Despite the known importance of soils in mediating biogeochemical nutrient cycling, there is little experimental evidence of how soil characteristics may shape ecosystem response to climate change. Our objective was to clarify how soil characteristics modify the impact of climate changes on carbon and nutrient leaching losses in temperate forests. We therefore conducted a field-based mesocosm experiment with replicated warming and snow exclusion treatments on two soils in large (2.4 m diameter), in-field forest sapling mesocosms. We found that nutrient loss responses to warming and snow exclusion treatments frequently varied substantially by soil type. Indeed, in some cases, soil type nullified the impact of a climate treatment. For example, warming and snow exclusion increased nitrogen (N) losses on fine soils by up to four times versus controls, but these treatments had no impact on coarse soils. Generally, the coarse textured soil, with its lower soil-water holding capacity, had higher nutrient losses (e.g., 12-17 times more total N loss from coarse than fine soils), except in the case of phosphate, which had consistently higher losses (23-58%) from the finer textured soil. Furthermore, the mitigation of nutrient loss by increasing tree biomass varied by soil type and nutrient. Our results suggest that potentially large biogeochemical responses to climate change are strongly mediated by soil characteristics, providing further evidence of the need to consider soil properties in Earth system models for improving nutrient cycling and climate projections.

Local identification of persistent cold air pool conditions in the Great Hungarian Plain

Időjárás ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-192
Author(s):  
Karolina Szabóné André ◽  
Judit Bartholy ◽  
Rita Pongrácz ◽  
József Bór
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Weather Event ◽  
Cold Air ◽  
Great Hungarian Plain ◽  
Winter Time ◽  
Heat Deficit ◽  
Local Detection ◽  
Hungarian Plain

Cold air pool (CAP) is a winter-time, anticyclonic weather event: a cold air layer confined by the topography and warm air aloft. If its duration is more than one day, then it is called persistent cold air pool (PCAP). CAPs are mainly examined in small basins and valleys. Fewer studies pay attention to PCAPs in much larger basins (with an area of more than 50 000 km2), and it is not evident how effective the existing numerical definitions are in cases of extensive PCAP events. A possible method of identifying PCAPs in a large basin is to identify PCAP weather conditions at different measuring sites across the basin. If there are PCAP weather conditions at most of the sites, then it is likely to be an extensive PCAP. In this work, we examine which of the documented CAP definitions can be used for reliable local detection of CAP conditions. Daily weather reports and meteorological data from two locations in the 52 000 km2 sized Great Hungarian Plain have been used to obtain a reference set of days with PCAP weather conditions during two consecutive winter months. Several numerical CAP definitions were compared for their performance in recognizing the presence of PCAP weather conditions using radiosonde measurements and reanalysis data. The lowest error was produced by using the heat deficit (HD) method. So this is considered the most suitable method for local identification of PCAPs in the Great Hungarian Plain.

Integrated spatial assessment of inland excess water hazard on the Great Hungarian Plain

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 4373-4386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Csaba Bozán ◽  
Katalin Takács ◽  
János Körösparti ◽  
Annamária Laborczi ◽  
Norbert Túri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Assessment ◽  
Great Hungarian Plain ◽  
Excess Water ◽  
Water Hazard ◽  
Hungarian Plain

Field mobility of flumetsulam in three Mississippi soils

Weed Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen P. Murphy ◽  
David R. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Constant Ph ◽  
Field Mobility

Research was conducted in 1994 and 1995 to evaluate the field mobility of flumetsulam in three soils of varied texture and organic matter content but constant pH (pH = 6.0 ± 0.1). Flumetsulam was monitored to a depth of 122 cm at 28, 56, and 84 days after treatment (DAT). Flumetsulam concentrations were determined by cotton bioassay, with separate standard curves for various soil–depth combinations. Following a preemergence application of flumetsulam at 224 g ai ha−1, the herbicide was primarily limited to the upper 8 cm of soil, regardless of soil type, year, or DAT. Exceptions to this typically occurred following substantial rainfall amounts early in the season. Beyond 28 DAT, no significant concentrations of flumetsulam were detected below 15 cm. Results from this research suggest that leaching is not a significant route of flumetsulam dissipation in the field.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document