Contra invidentium effascinationes: Prophylaxis and the evil eye in some gems of the republican Roman era with grotesque subjects

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 303-317
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
First Century ◽  
Singular Set ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Typical Element ◽  
Italian Peninsula ◽  
Functional Perspective ◽  
Evil Eye ◽  
The Grotesque

Abstract In the glyptic repertoire of roman-republican age, numerous subjects that must be recognized as amulets with probaskanica function. These objects are designed to protect the owner from the negative effects of the evil eye. The ridiculous and caricatural aspect often seen in these engraved gems characterized the grotesque and/or deformed beings such as hunchbacks, bald, dwarfs, pygmies. A further common typical element is the sexual hypertrophy, another characteristic that, in literature, has always been associated with a clear apotropaic function. From a functional perspective, all these features would contribute to identify these characters as useful expedients to ward off the charm. Instead, from a perspective of antithetical analogy, they communicate positive symbolic concepts, such as the fullness of life, fertility, rebirth and victory over death. Thanks to the analytical study of some pictures engraved in gems conducted by the authors, it has been possible to define a singular set similar for style, subject and type of material, produced between the second and first century BC in the Italian peninsula. The paper intends to explain the figurative and material elements, both constant or variable, that contribute to reinforce the symbolic and amuletic meaning of these gems.

scholarly journals Dietary guidelines to nourish humanity and the planet in the twenty-first century. A blueprint from Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 2311-2322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Augusto Monteiro ◽  
Geoffrey Cannon ◽  
Jean-Claude Moubarac ◽  
Ana Paula Bortoletto Martins ◽  
Carla Adriano Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
First Century ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Brazilian Government ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Food And Drink

AbstractObjectiveTo present and discuss the dietary guidelines issued by the Brazilian government in 2014.DesignThe present paper describes the aims of the guidelines, their shaping principles and the approach used in the development of recommendations. The main recommendations are outlined, their significance for the cultural, socio-economic and environmental aspects of sustainability is discussed, and their application to other countries is considered.SettingBrazil in the twenty-first century.SubjectsAll people in Brazil, now and in future.ResultsThe food- and meal-based Brazilian Dietary Guidelines address dietary patterns as a whole and so are different from nutrient-based guidelines, even those with some recommendations on specific foods or food groups. The guidelines are based on explicit principles. They take mental and emotional well-being into account, as well as physical health and disease prevention. They identify diet as having cultural, socio-economic and environmental as well as biological and behavioural dimensions. They emphasize the benefits of dietary patterns based on a variety of natural or minimally processed foods, mostly plants, and freshly prepared meals eaten in company, for health, well-being and all relevant aspects of sustainability, as well as the multiple negative effects of ready-to-consume ultra-processed food and drink products.ConclusionsThe guidelines’ recommendations are designed to be sustainable personally, culturally, socially, economically and environmentally, and thus fit to face this century. They are for foods, meals and dietary patterns of types that are already established in Brazil, which can be adapted to suit the climate, terrain and customs of all countries.

scholarly journals Analytical Study Of Sport Globalization from Iraqi Central Federation Administrative Bureaus’ Point of View

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-109
Author(s):  
Manahel Abduljabar Khazaal ◽  
Luay Husaien Albakri
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Developmental Courses ◽  
Negative Effects

The importance of the research lies in globalization that affected all aspects of life including sports. The research aimed at building sport globalization scale as well as identifying sport globalization. The researchers used the descriptive on (373) members representing (25) Olympic federation and (22) non-Olympic federation.  The data was collected and treated to conclude a sport globalization scale that can be applied to the subjects in addition to that, there are positive and negative effects of sport globalization on the sports community. The researchers recommended the necessity of using the sport globalization scale, holding developmental courses, benefiting from the advantages of globalization, and making similar studies on other subjects.

Theme II: Security: New Threats and New Strategies

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 873-895
Author(s):  
Vladimir Petrovsky ◽  
Friedrich Kratochwil ◽  
Erwin Lanc
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
First Century ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
Interstate Conflicts ◽  
Long Time ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
New Strategies

Among many goals which governments and individuals always pursue, the broadest and most common is security. It is the basic context in which most other values are enjoyed, in the expectation that they will last for a long time. However, the meaning of security has always been ambiguous. At the end of the twentieth century the world held great promise: the Cold War was over and we hoped to see a peaceful, secure future after the century of interstate conflicts, taking full advantage of globalization and minimizing its negative effects. Now, at the beginning of the twenty-first century, new challenges to security are looming over the horizon. We are facing today the emergence of a global society, which crosses national borders and makes the world closer economically and technologically.

scholarly journals Palabras como espejos: la identidad en la poesía de Ana Istarú

LETRAS ◽  
2011 ◽  
pp. 69-86
Author(s):  
Alejandra M. Aventín Fontana
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Central America ◽  
Literary History ◽  
First Century ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Public ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
Ana Istaru

La poesía de Ana Istarú se erige a principios del siglo XXI como un imaginario rico y de obligada visita, pues refleja el resultado del proceso histórico de la forja de la identidad del pueblo costarricense tras la independencia de la metrópoli en el marco de su historia literaria, de la centroamericana y en el de habla hispana con toda la problemática que ello implica en territorio tico. Los poemas de La estación de fiebre manifiestan el deseo de independencia e integración de la mujer en el ámbito de lo público a través del cuerpo y de la palabra en el último tercio del siglo XX. Para ello la escritora no duda en denunciar igualmente en su discurso las consecuencias negativas que ha tenido el patriarcado. Ana Istarú’s poetry began to develop in the early twenty-first century as a rich imaginary not to be missed. It reflects the result of a historical process to forge the identity of Costa Ricans after their independence in the framework of literary history and in particular of Central America and the Spanish-speaking community with all the complexity that this involves in Costa Rica. The poems in La estación de fiebre show a desire for independence and the integration of the woman in the public sphere through her body and through her words in the last third of the twentieth century. Likewise, in her writing Istarú does not hesitate to denounce the negative effects of patriarchy.

scholarly journals The Negative Effects of the Separation Wall on the Architectural and Urban Heritage of Al-Quds

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Amira Mersal Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cultural Importance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Urban Heritage ◽  
The Future ◽  
The One

<p>The destruction of archaeological sites leads to big loss at the local and regional levels and any interruption to the past will have a negative impact on the present and the future. The preservation and protection of archaeological sites consists an economic, cultural and heritage impact for the nations. This study aims mainly to review the factors threating the destruction of archeological sites with an attempt to find the methods that reduce the threat and preserve what is left of the Palestinian remains. In additions, it includes an analytical study of the direct and indirect of the separation wall on the archeological sites in Al-Quds (Al-Quds 2020). The most important of these threats to the architectural heritage is the danger of the separation wall (The Al-Quds envelope). The study recommended the need for intensified efforts by concerned Palestinian authorities and institutions, especially the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities to face the wall and its negative effects on archaeological sites on one hand and to put the protection and preservation of archaeological sites within their priorities on the one hand. Others, because of the economic and cultural importance of these sites, which affect the identity of the architecture.  </p>

scholarly journals Quality of life, socioeconomic profile, knowledge and attitude toward sexuality from the perspectives of individuals living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meiry Fernanda Pinto Okuno ◽  
Gisele Cristina Gosuen ◽  
Cássia Regina Vancini Campanharo ◽  
Dayana Souza Fram ◽  
Ruth Ester Assayag Batista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Sexual Knowledge ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Socioeconomic Profile ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

Objectives: to analyze the quality of life of "patients" with Human Immunodeficiency Virus and relate it to their socioeconomic profile, knowledge and attitudes toward sexuality. Method: crosssectional and analytical study with 201 individuals who are 50 years old or older. The Targeted Quality of Life and Aging Sexual Knowledge and Attitudes Scales were applied during interviews. Multiple Linear Regression was used in data analysis. Results: dimensions of quality of life more strongly compromised were disclosure worries (39.0), sexual function (45.9), and financial worries (55.6). Scores concerning knowledge and attitudes toward sexuality were 31.7 and 14.8, respectively. There was significant correlation between attitudes and the domains of overall function, health worries, medication worries, and HIV mastery. Conclusion: guidance concerning how the disease is transmitted, treated and how it progresses, in addition to providing social and psychological support, could minimize the negative effects of the disease on the quality of life of patients living with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

scholarly journals Climate Change, Inequality, and Human Migration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Burzyński ◽  
Christoph Deuster ◽  
Frédéric Docquier ◽  
Jaime de Melo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
First Century ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Global Migration ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Laws And Policies ◽  
Climate Shocks ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper investigates the long-term implications of climate change on global migration and inequality. Accounting for the effects of changing temperatures, sea levels, and the frequency and intensity of natural disasters, we model the impact of climate change on productivity and utility in a dynamic general equilibrium framework. By endogenizing people’s migration decisions across millions of 5 × 5 km spatial cells, our approach sheds light on the magnitude and dyadic, education-specific structure of human migration induced by global warming. We find that climate change strongly intensifies global inequality and poverty, reinforces urbanization, and boosts migration from low- to high-latitude areas. Median projections suggest that climate change will induce a voluntary and a forced permanent relocation of 62 million working-age individuals over the course of the twenty-first century. Overall, under current international migration laws and policies, only a small fraction of people suffering the negative effects of climate change manages to move beyond their homelands. We conclude that it is unlikely that climate shocks will induce massive international flows of migrants, except under combined extremely pessimistic climate scenarios and highly permissive migration policies. By contrast, poverty resulting from climate change is a real threat to all of us.

The ‘Gallic Menace‘ in Caesar's Propaganda

1983 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-189
Author(s):  
Jane F. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
First Century ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Italian Peninsula ◽  
Acceptable Alternative ◽  
Roman People ◽  
Urban Civilization ◽  
Home Territory

Between the ‘home’ territory of the Roman people in the Italian peninsula and the tribes of Gaul and Germany lay two provinces – Cisalpine Gaul, most of whose population were actually already Roman citizens or in possession of Latin rights, and Transalpine Gaul, a province only since 121 B.C., but already in Caesar's time displaying a developed urban civilization based on the Greek model, under the influence of Massilia. By the end of the first century B.C. well-to-do Romans considered the schools of Massilia an acceptable alternative to those of Athens for their sons' higher studies (Strabo 4.1.5). On the fringes of the Province, however, and beyond in Gaul proper were the ‘long-haired’ Gauls (hence Gallia Comata) and beyond them the German tribes. Only occasionally had these presented any real and immediate threat to the security of the Italian peninsula. Nevertheless, they were present in Roman consciousness as a kind of bogeymen. In 44 B.C., the founding charter of Urso, a Julian colony in southern Spain, included a provision that certain minor public officials should be exempt from military service except tumultus Italici Gallicive causa (ILS 6087). Events of this nature were hardly likely to necessitate conscription in southern Spain, but this clause was clearly taken over from the standard charter of an Italian municipality, where these were seen as possible emergencies.

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