scholarly journals Sitting to standing postural changes: Energy expenditure and a possible mechanism to alleviate sedentary behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Wang ◽  
Y Song ◽  
JS Baker ◽  
G Fekete ◽  
Y Gu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Postural Changes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Analysis System

Background and aims Sedentary lifestyles have recently been identified as potential mechanism for obesity and associated metabolic diseases linked to ill health. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of standing and sitting–standing positional changes on energy cost and consequently interrupting sedentary sitting time while working. Methods A total of 26 healthy male volunteers performed normal typing and editing work for 100 min under three conditions. The conditions included sustained sitting, sustained standing, and sitting–standing alternation every 20 min using a sit–stand desk. Respiratory parameters measured included minute ventilation (VE), oxygen consumption (VO2), and energy expenditure (EE). Measurements were recorded using a calibrated Cosmed K4b2 portable gas analysis system. Results The mean value for VE was the highest in the standing position (VE = 13.33 ± 0.71), followed by sitting–standing alternation (VE = 12.04 ± 0.62). Both were significantly different from sitting (VE = 10.59 ± 0.69). The maximum VE and EE for standing (VE = 14.81 ± 0.43 and EE = 1.84 ± 0.10) and sitting–standing alternation (VE = 14.80 ± 0.40 and EE = 1.93 ± 0.08) were significantly higher than that of sitting (VE = 12.15 ± 0.42 and EE = 1.67 ± 0.07). No significant differences were observed in the mean VO2 among the three conditions. However, the maximum VO2 for both standing (VO2 = 5.40 ± 0.20) and sitting–standing alternation (VO2 = 5.14 ± 0.17) had shown to be significantly higher than sitting (VO2 = 4.50 ± 0.18). There were no significant differences observed in the mean EE levels between sitting (EE = 1.43 ± 0.07) and sitting–standing alternation (EE = 1.55 ± 0.08). However, the mean EE while standing (EE = 1.62 ± 0.09) significantly increased compared to sitting. Conclusions The findings of this study indicate that sitting–standing alternations may be implemented as an effective intervention to interrupt prolonged sitting while working.

Effect of season on thermoregulatory responses and energy expenditure of goats on semi-arid range in India

2002 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. SHINDE ◽  
RAGHAVENDRA BHATTA ◽  
S. K. SANKHYAN ◽  
D. L. VERMA
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Semi Arid

A study of the physiological responses and energy expenditure of goats was carried out from June 1999 to May 2000 by conducting two experiments: one on bucks maintained on stall feeding in autumn 1999 (Expt 1) followed by year-round grazing on native ranges over three seasons: monsoon, winter and summer (Expt 2). Physiological responses and energy expenditure (EE) measurements of housed and grazing goats were recorded at 06.00 h and 14.00 h for 5 consecutive days in each season. Goats were fixed with a face mask and meteorological balloon for collection of expired air and measurement of EE. Respiration rate (RR) at 06.00 h was similar in all seasons (14 respiration/min) except in the monsoon, where a significantly (P<0.05) higher value (26 respiration/min) was recorded. At 14.00 h, RR was higher in monsoon and summer (81 and 91 respiration/min) than in winter (52 respiration/min). Irrespective of the season, heart rate (HR) was higher at 14.00 h (86 beat/min) than at 06.00 h (64 beat/min). The rise of rectal temperature (RT) from morning (06.00 h) to peak daily temperature (14.00 h) was 0.9 °C in housed goats in autumn and 1.0, 2.1 and 2.0 °C in grazing goats during monsoon, winter and summer, respectively. The mean value was 1.7 °C. Skin temperature (ST) was lowest in winter (30.1 °C) and highest at 14.00 h in summer (40.3 °C). Energy expenditure of goats at 06.00 h was 32.7 W in winter and significantly (P<0.05) increased to 52.0 W in summer and 107.8 W in monsoon. At 14.00 h, EE was 140.2 W in winter and increased to 389.0 W and 391.3 W respectively in monsoon and summer. It is concluded that monsoon and summer are both stressful seasons in semi-arid regions. Animals should be protected from direct solar radiation during the hottest hours of the day to ameliorate the effect of heat stress.

Studies on the Anatomical Structure of Fast-Growing Toona ciliate

2012 ◽  
Vol 472-475 ◽  
pp. 1963-1966
Author(s):  
Jin Sun ◽  
Xiao Bo Wang ◽  
Xiao Jing Wang ◽  
Yan Lin ◽  
Zhen Zhong Gao
Keyword(s):  
Growth Ring ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Image Analysis System ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Coarse Texture ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Toona Ciliata ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Tissue Proportion

In this paper, anatomical characters and tissue proportion of fast-growing Toona ciliata samples from Guangzhou was investigated assisted with the light microscope and image analysis system based on the principle of stereology. Qualitative and quantitative data were presented for purposes of identification. Results showed that fast growing T. ciliata was coarse texture with wide growth ring of 3~5cm.The ray proportion was 12.12%-25.56%, the mean value was 17.98%, increasing with time-dependent relevance. The vessel-elements proportion was 6.37%-10.00%, the mean value was 7.40%, increasing then declining and finally increasing. The fiber and other tissue proportion was 67.06%-79.92%, the mean value was 74.62%, declining by year.

Validation of the Hexoskin wearable vest during lying, sitting, standing, and walking activities

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1019-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Villar ◽  
Thomas Beltrame ◽  
Richard L. Hughson
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Relative Magnitude ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Exercise Condition ◽  
The Mean

We tested the validity of the Hexoskin wearable vest to monitor heart rate (HR), breathing rate (BR), tidal volume (VT), minute ventilation, and hip motion intensity (HMI) in comparison with laboratory standard devices during lying, sitting, standing, and walking. Twenty healthy young volunteers participated in this study. First, participants walked 6 min on a treadmill at speeds of 1, 3, and 4.5 km/h followed by increasing treadmill grades until 80% of their predicted maximal heart rate. Second, lying, sitting, and standing tasks were performed (5 min each) followed by 6 min of treadmill walking at 80% of their ventilatory threshold. Analysis of each individual’s mean values under each resting or exercise condition by the 2 measurement systems revealed low coefficient of variation and high intraclass correlation values for HR, BR, and HMI. The Bland–Altman results from HR, BR, and HMI indicated no deviation of the mean value from zero and relatively small variability about the mean. VT and minute ventilation were provided in arbitrary units by the Hexoskin device; however, relative magnitude of change from Hexoskin closely tracked the laboratory standard method. Hexoskin presented low variability, good agreement, and consistency. The Hexoskin wearable vest was a valid and consistent tool to monitor activities typical of daily living such as different body positions (lying, sitting, and standing) and various walking speeds.

scholarly journals New screening method for hallux valgus with using smartphone

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473011418S0024
Author(s):  
Shibuya Hayatoshi ◽  
Tomoyuki Nakasa ◽  
Mikiya Sawa ◽  
Yusuke Tsuyuguchi ◽  
Munekazu Kanemitsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hallux Valgus ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Conventional Radiography ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Hallux Valgus Angle ◽  
Valgus Angle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anterior Knee

Category: Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: We developed a new screening method for hallux valgus during weight bearing using the photo-capturing function in cell phones. Methods: We compared apparent hallux valgus angles measured from photographs of people in a standing position during weight bearing, which were captured on a smartphone (smartphone Hallux Valgus Angle: SP-HVA) (Smartphone Method), with hallux valgus angles determined using conventional radiography in a standing posture during weight-bearing (X-ray HVA: XR-HVA). We evaluated 37 feet of 25 patients (5 men and 25 women) who visited our hospital. The mean age at the time of the visit was 73.9 years. In the Smartphone Method, subjects stood upright and the examiner used a smartphone to take photos of both feet from above while holding the phone at the level of the anterior knee. Results: The mean value was 36.2° for SP-HVA and 36.7° for XR-HVA; the two methods showed a statistically significant correlation (correlation coefficient of 0.86). Conclusion: Our smartphone-assisted screening method for hallux valgus was possible to make a diagnosis equivalent to conventional radiography method without radiation exposure.

DEVELOPING A NEW PARAMETER TO REPRESENT THE FOOT ALIGNMENT IN SUBJECTS WITH FLAT ARCH

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
pp. 1350036
Author(s):  
A. R. TAHERI ◽  
M. T. KARIMI ◽  
R. B. TAHMASEBI ◽  
B. SATVATI ◽  
F. FATOYE
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Medial Side ◽  
Foot Structure ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Foot Alignment ◽  
Flat Arch

Background and aim: Flatfoot is characterized based on the height of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot relative to ground. The most common methods used to evaluate the severity of flatfoot and influences of the foot insole on the alignment of the foot structure in static situation are footprints and the use of X-ray. However, both of them have some limitations and cannot be used during walking while the subject uses the insole. Therefore, the aim of this research was to find a parameter which represents the alignment of the foot structure while walking. Methods: Two groups of normal and flat-arched subjects were recruited into this study. The location of center of ankle joint (COJ) and center of pressure (COP) while walking was obtained using Qualysis motion analysis system and a force plate. The area between COP and COJ in the medial side to the total area was the new parameter used in this study. Conclusion: The mean value of the new parameter was 74.65 ± 7.15 and 91.86 ± 12.4 for normal and flatfooted subjects, respectively. It appears that the new parameter can be used to check the alignment of the foot structure during walking. Clinical statement: The results of this research study can be used by clinicians to determine the alignment of the foot structure and the influence of the foot insole.

scholarly journals Deuterium Abundance in the Local ISM

2002 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
Jeffrey L. Linsky ◽  
Brian E. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Interstellar Cloud ◽  
Interstellar Gas ◽  
Local Interstellar Cloud ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Nearby Stars ◽  
Data Points ◽  
The Mean

Excellent HST/GHRS spectra of interstellar hydrogen and deuterium Lyman-α absorption toward nearby stars allow us to identify systematic errors that have plagued earlier work and to measure accurate values of the D/H ratio in local interstellar gas. Analysis of 12 sightlines through the Local Interstellar Cloud leads to a mean value of D/H = (1.50 ± 0.10) x 10−5 with all data points lying within ±1σ of the mean. Deciding whether or not the D/H ratio has different values elsewhere in the Galaxy and beyond will be one of the major objectives of the FUSE mission.

scholarly journals Analysis of different paddy transplanting methods in northern India: Ergo - economical study

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 654-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pragya Ojha ◽  
Seema Kwatra
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Expenditure Rate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Working Heart

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) production constitutes the major economic activity and a key source of employment for the rural population of India. Manual transplanting of paddy in puddle field is a very tedious job and involves lot of fatigue and drudgery. To reduce the labour demand and time consumption, power operated transplanters are also available but the poor socio- economic conditions of Indian farmers restrict them to adopt modern technology. Keeping this in view, the present study was planned to compare the economic cost and the rate of human drudgery among female farm workers, during manual hand transplanting with the power operated eight- row paddy transplanter. For the ergonomical evaluation, twenty female subjects were selected in the age group of 20- 55 years. Physiological parameters like HR, energy expenditure, TCCW and PCW etc. were measured in different transplanting operations. The mean value of working heart rate was assessed to be maximum 138.32±7.67 beats/ min in manual hand transplanting and 110.12±5.79 beats/min in eight- row paddy transplanter. The energy expenditure rate was measured 18.40±0.95 kJ/min in local transplanting method and reduced to 15.17±1.68 kJ/min with paddy transplanter. TCCW was found to be 1965.5±63.66 beats for manual transplanting of paddy and 770.58±39.93 beats by the use of paddy transplanter whereas the PCW was calculated 227.98±22.17 in traditional method and 85.23±2.64 in improved method. The economic cost of mechanized transplanting was 47% less than conventional method.

Daily Energy Expenditure of Savannah Sparrows: Comparison of Time-Energy Budget and Doubly-Labeled Water Estimates

The Auk ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph B. Williams ◽  
Kenneth A. Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Budget ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Passerculus Sandwichensis ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Savannah Sparrows

Abstract Using the doubly-labeled water (DLW) technique, we measured the CO2 production of six free-living male Savannah Sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis, mean mass 19.1 g) and found a mean (±1 SD) of 7.28 ± 1.36 ml ${\rm CO}_{2}/{\rm h}$. Assuming an R.Q. of 0.85 and 24 J/ml CO2, we calculated a mean $\dot{H}_{TD}$ (daily energy expenditure) of 80.3 ± 16.6 kJ/day. Simultaneously to our DLW measurements, we constructed time budgets for the sparrows during their normal activities with the intent of exploring the agreement between predictions of a number of time-energy budget (TEB) models from the literature and DLW measurements. Our results reveal that several models yield reasonable results, the mean value for the models of Kendeigh et al. (1977), Walsberg (1977), and Mugaas and King (1981) differing from DLW measurements by only +4.7, -5.6%, and +5.7%, respectively. Comparisons of $\dot{H}_{TD}$ as predicted by these TEB models between species and within species between nesting phases might be made with some confidence. However, the variation in TEB estimates is not related to variation in DLW measurements within our study. This precludes statements about differences between individuals.

Sagittal standing spinal alignment and back pain in 8 to 12-year-old children from the Region of Murcia, Spain: The ISQUIOS Program

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1003-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Sainz de Baranda ◽  
Pilar Andújar ◽  
Mónica Collazo-Diéguez ◽  
Antonio Pastor ◽  
Fernando Santonja-Renedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Thoracic Kyphosis ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Spinal Alignment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spinal Curvatures ◽  
Sagittal Spinal Alignment ◽  
The Mean

BACKGROUND: The child’s spine shows changes in posture and balance of its curvatures during growth and musculoskeletal spinal conditions are likely to develop, such as back pain (BP). OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study were (a) to describe the sagittal spinal alignment in a relaxed standing position and (b) to analyze its association with BP among 8 to 12-year-old children. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 731 elementary schoolchildren (379 girls and 352 boys), from 16 Spanish schools, participated. An unilevel inclinometer was used to quantify the sagittal spinal curvatures (thoracic and lumbar) in a relaxed standing position. Sagittal spinal morphotype was analyzed by sex, age, weight, height, and BMI. Children’s parents or legal guardians filled in a questionnaire according to the children’s responses about the BP suffered in the previous week and the preceding year. RESULTS: The mean angular value of thoracic kyphosis was 36.08 ± 8.99∘ and significantly higher in males than in females (p= 0.036). In contrast, the mean value of lumbar lordosis was 32.11 ± 7.46∘, being higher in females than in men (p< 0.01). The thoracic curve tends to increase by age (p= 0.003). Children who had low back pain (LBP) in the previous week had a significantly greater lumbar curve (35.88 ± 8.20∘) than those who did not have LBP in the preceding week (32.24 ± 7.30∘). The angle for lumbar curvature was a small predictor of LBP occurrence in the assessed children (OR = 1.082 [small]; 95% CI = 1.009–1.160, p= 0.028). CONCLUSIONS: To conclude, almost 3/4 of the students were classified with normal thoracic kyphosis; however, 27.36% of the students had thoracic hyperkyphosis. Lumbar hyperlordosis was identified in 9.05% of the students, and was 2.5 times more frequent in girls. The lumbar curvature was a small predictor of LBP occurrence in the assessed children and the angle of lumbar curvature that most accurately identified individuals at risk of developing LBP was determined to be 33∘. The results of this study indicate the need to assess sagittal spinal curvatures at school during development ages.

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