DEVELOPING A NEW PARAMETER TO REPRESENT THE FOOT ALIGNMENT IN SUBJECTS WITH FLAT ARCH

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
pp. 1350036
Author(s):  
A. R. TAHERI ◽  
M. T. KARIMI ◽  
R. B. TAHMASEBI ◽  
B. SATVATI ◽  
F. FATOYE
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Medial Side ◽  
Foot Structure ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Foot Alignment ◽  
Flat Arch

Background and aim: Flatfoot is characterized based on the height of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot relative to ground. The most common methods used to evaluate the severity of flatfoot and influences of the foot insole on the alignment of the foot structure in static situation are footprints and the use of X-ray. However, both of them have some limitations and cannot be used during walking while the subject uses the insole. Therefore, the aim of this research was to find a parameter which represents the alignment of the foot structure while walking. Methods: Two groups of normal and flat-arched subjects were recruited into this study. The location of center of ankle joint (COJ) and center of pressure (COP) while walking was obtained using Qualysis motion analysis system and a force plate. The area between COP and COJ in the medial side to the total area was the new parameter used in this study. Conclusion: The mean value of the new parameter was 74.65 ± 7.15 and 91.86 ± 12.4 for normal and flatfooted subjects, respectively. It appears that the new parameter can be used to check the alignment of the foot structure during walking. Clinical statement: The results of this research study can be used by clinicians to determine the alignment of the foot structure and the influence of the foot insole.

A Comparison of Physiological Demand between Self-Propelled and Motorized Treadmill Exercise

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Todd Backes ◽  
Charlene Takacs
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Exchange Ratio ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Self ◽  
Mixing Chamber ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Computer Controlled

There are a wide range of options for individuals to choose from in order to engage in aerobic exercise; from outdoor running to computer controlled and self-propelled treadmills. Recently, self-propelled treadmills have increased in popularity and provide an alternative to a motorized treadmill. Twenty subjects (10 men, 10 women) ranging in age from 19-23 with a mean of 20.4 ± 0.8 SD were participants in this study. The subjects visited the laboratory on three occasions. The purpose of the first visit was to familiarize the subject with the self-propelled treadmill (Woodway Curve 3.0). The second visit, subjects were instructed to run on the self-propelled treadmill for 3km at a self-determined pace. Speed data were collected directly from the self-propelled treadmill. The third visit used speed data collected during the self-propelled treadmill run to create an identically paced 3km run for the subjects to perform on a motorized treadmill (COSMED T150). During both the second and third visit, oxygen consumption (VO2) and respiratory exchange ratio (R) data were collected with COSMED’s Quark cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) metabolic mixing chamber system. The VO2 mean value for the self-propelled treadmill (44.90 ± 1.65 SE ml/kg/min) was significantly greater than the motorized treadmill (34.38 ± 1.39 SE ml/kg/min). The mean R value for the self-propelled treadmill (0.91 ± 0.01 SE) was significantly greater than the motorized treadmill (0.86 ± 0.01 SE). Our study demonstrated that a 3km run on a self-propelled treadmill does elicit a greater physiological response than a 3km run at on a standard motorized treadmill. Self-propelled treadmills provide a mode of exercise that offers increased training loads and should be considered as an alternative to motorized treadmills.

scholarly journals Sitting to standing postural changes: Energy expenditure and a possible mechanism to alleviate sedentary behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Wang ◽  
Y Song ◽  
JS Baker ◽  
G Fekete ◽  
Y Gu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Postural Changes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Analysis System

Background and aims Sedentary lifestyles have recently been identified as potential mechanism for obesity and associated metabolic diseases linked to ill health. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of standing and sitting–standing positional changes on energy cost and consequently interrupting sedentary sitting time while working. Methods A total of 26 healthy male volunteers performed normal typing and editing work for 100 min under three conditions. The conditions included sustained sitting, sustained standing, and sitting–standing alternation every 20 min using a sit–stand desk. Respiratory parameters measured included minute ventilation (VE), oxygen consumption (VO2), and energy expenditure (EE). Measurements were recorded using a calibrated Cosmed K4b2 portable gas analysis system. Results The mean value for VE was the highest in the standing position (VE = 13.33 ± 0.71), followed by sitting–standing alternation (VE = 12.04 ± 0.62). Both were significantly different from sitting (VE = 10.59 ± 0.69). The maximum VE and EE for standing (VE = 14.81 ± 0.43 and EE = 1.84 ± 0.10) and sitting–standing alternation (VE = 14.80 ± 0.40 and EE = 1.93 ± 0.08) were significantly higher than that of sitting (VE = 12.15 ± 0.42 and EE = 1.67 ± 0.07). No significant differences were observed in the mean VO2 among the three conditions. However, the maximum VO2 for both standing (VO2 = 5.40 ± 0.20) and sitting–standing alternation (VO2 = 5.14 ± 0.17) had shown to be significantly higher than sitting (VO2 = 4.50 ± 0.18). There were no significant differences observed in the mean EE levels between sitting (EE = 1.43 ± 0.07) and sitting–standing alternation (EE = 1.55 ± 0.08). However, the mean EE while standing (EE = 1.62 ± 0.09) significantly increased compared to sitting. Conclusions The findings of this study indicate that sitting–standing alternations may be implemented as an effective intervention to interrupt prolonged sitting while working.

Studies on the Anatomical Structure of Fast-Growing Toona ciliate

2012 ◽  
Vol 472-475 ◽  
pp. 1963-1966
Author(s):  
Jin Sun ◽  
Xiao Bo Wang ◽  
Xiao Jing Wang ◽  
Yan Lin ◽  
Zhen Zhong Gao
Keyword(s):  
Growth Ring ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Image Analysis System ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Coarse Texture ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Toona Ciliata ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Tissue Proportion

In this paper, anatomical characters and tissue proportion of fast-growing Toona ciliata samples from Guangzhou was investigated assisted with the light microscope and image analysis system based on the principle of stereology. Qualitative and quantitative data were presented for purposes of identification. Results showed that fast growing T. ciliata was coarse texture with wide growth ring of 3~5cm.The ray proportion was 12.12%-25.56%, the mean value was 17.98%, increasing with time-dependent relevance. The vessel-elements proportion was 6.37%-10.00%, the mean value was 7.40%, increasing then declining and finally increasing. The fiber and other tissue proportion was 67.06%-79.92%, the mean value was 74.62%, declining by year.

scholarly journals HASIL HITUNG NORMOBLAS ANTARA SEDIAAN HAPUSAN DARAH TEPI PENDERITA AML DENGAN ALL

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Hidayat . ◽  
Nina Susana Dewi ◽  
Nadjwa Zamalek Dalimoenthe
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Immature Form ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smears

Normoblast is an immature form of erythrocyte in erythropoietin system. Normally, normoblast can be found in peripheral blood healthy neonates. The existence of normoblast in peripheral blood might be the sign of pathologic conditions such as hemolytic anemia,acute blood loss, and ischemia and bone marrows abnormalities like malignancy or leukemia. In acute leukemia (Acute MyeloblasticLeukemia and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia), normoblast existence in peripheral blood may due to erythropoietin system suppression.The aim of this study is to compare normoblast count between AML and ALL, and also to find out the correlation between leukocyte andnormoblast count in AML and ALL. The subject of this study were patient diagnosed as AML (30) and ALL (30) in Hematology Divisionof Clinical Pathology Department at Dr.Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung in July 2006–August 2008. In this study we examined 30peripheral blood smears from AML and 30 peripheral blood smears from ALL. Leukocyte count result was derived from CBC performedwith Sysmex KX-21. The mean value of normoblast count from AML blood smear patients is 1930.60 (3.60/100 WBC) while ALL bloodsmear patients is 309.60 (0.43/100 WBC). Statistically this difference is significant (p < 0.001). There are strong correlation betweenleukocyte count and normoblast count within both group (r = 0.851, r = 0.948; p < 0.001).

scholarly journals PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI DENGAN MEDIA DART BOARD UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR KIMIA Di KELAS XI IPA 1 SMA NEGERI 9 KOTA BENGKULU TAHUN AJARAN 2016/2017

Alotrop ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Defrilina Sri Eka Wulandari ◽  
Amrul Bahar ◽  
Elvinawati Elvinawati
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Inquiry Learning ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Class Action ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Entire Sequence ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Academic Year

[THE  APPLICATION OF INQUIRY LEARNING MODEL WITH  DART BOARDMEDIA TO IMPROVE THE STUDIED RESULTS OF  CHEMISTRY IN CLASS XI IPA 1 SMA NEGERI 9 CITY OF BENGKULU  AT 2016/2017 ACADEMIC YEAR]  This research aims to improve the learning outcomes and student activity model of learning by implementing a inkuiri dart board with media in class XI IPA 1 SMA Negeri 9 Bengkulu city at 2016/2017. Academic year. This research is a class action research. This research was conducted in three cycles consisting of 4 stages each namely planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The subject of this research is the whole grade X IPA 1 SMA N 9 Bengkulu city on 2016/2017 academic year. From the results, it can be concluded that the process of learning to apply inquiry learning models by using a Dart Board media proved can improve the activity and outcomes of study chemistry grade XI IPA 1 SMA Negeri 9  Bengkulu city on 2016/2017 academic year. It can be seen from the average value of students in Ist cycle are 61.61, classical absorption 77.02% and learning of classical completeness at 19.35%..In Iind Cycle obtained an average score of students amounted to 71.29; absorption of conventional 79.21% and  completeness studied conventional 35.48%. In IIIth cycle received an average rating of students at 84.51; absorption of conventional 84.51% and  completeness  studied classical 90.32%.. For the entire sequence of an increase in the activity of the students which can be seen from the mean value – 1st cycle averages of 22.5, 2nd cycle at 25; and in 3th cycle at 29.

Normalized Cross-Correlation of Subsequent Strides for Evaluation of Walking Stability

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Wang ◽  
Wen Feng Lu ◽  
Han Tong Loh ◽  
Yoke San Wong ◽  
Fook Rhu Ong
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Normal Walking ◽  
Normalized Cross Correlation ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean

Evaluation of walking stability is essential for the elderly population to prevent possible falls due to degradation of their walking stability caused by aging. Previous studies mainly focused on center of pressure (COP) and center of body mass (COM) and their relationship during walking. However COM can not be directly measured and existing COP parameters are mainly investigated within one stride and their effectiveness is not conclusive. In this study, new parameters are proposed based on normalized cross-correlation of subsequent strides (NCSS), derived from comparison of subsequent strides of foot plantar pressure. The mean and standard deviation of NCSS are calculated for three walking conditions that are progressively less stable (1 - normal walking, 2 - walking with eyes closed, and 3 - walking with eyes closed after being spun around) for six healthy subjects. Results show that the NCSS can effectively distinguish normal walking (1) and the less stable walking with eyes closed after being spun around (3). The mean of NCSS decreases from stable to less stable walking conditions, whereas the corresponding standard deviation of NCSS increases. For each subject the value of NCSS of walking with eyes closed (2) is between those of the other two walking conditions (1 and 3), although the value varies somewhat, depending on the controllability and adaptability of the subject.

Evaluation of the Stability of the Subjects with Anterior Cruciate Injuries Reconstruction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Akbari Aghdam ◽  
Mahsa Kavyani ◽  
Maryam Bosak ◽  
Mohammad Taghi Karimi ◽  
Mehdi Motififard
Keyword(s):  
Acl Reconstruction ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
P Value ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
The Stability

AbstractAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the most frequently injured ligament in the knee and is often injured during sport-related activities. ACL injuries influence the abilities of the subjects during standing and walking. Although early surgical intervention is preferred treatment for the majority of knee surgeons, the effect of this approach on postural stability of patients is not fully understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the difference between stability of ACL-reconstructed subjects before and after surgery. A group of 15 consecutive ACL injured patients participated in this study. Postural stability of the patients was evaluated 1 week before and 6 months after surgery (ACL reconstruction with hamstring autograft). A Kistler force plate was used to evaluate center of pressure (COP) sway during quiet standing. The mean values of the COP parameters were obtained in pre and postsurgery conditions. Paired sample t-test was used to evaluate the difference between the stability parameters of the two conditions. The significant point was set at 0.05. The mean value of path length of COP velocity in mediolateral (ML) direction was 1,485.57 ± 479.42 mm and 2,641.33 ± 996.26 mm before and after surgery, respectively (p-value = 0.01). Although the mean value of COP velocity in anteroposterior and ML directions increased after surgery, the difference was only significant for velocity in ML direction (p-value = 0.049). The results of this study showed that the standing stability of those with ACL reconstruction decreased significantly after ACL reconstruction, which may be due to the effects of the surgery on sensory mechanism of ACL and inability of patients to return to their previous deep sense perception and knee proprioception.

METODE DISKUSI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPS SISWA KELAS VB SDN 007 PANIPAHAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 597
Author(s):  
Sudarmiati Sudarmiati
Keyword(s):  
Social Studies ◽  
Student Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Class V ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Improve Student Learning

The background of this research is teaching and learning process in class V SDN 007 Panipahan in IPS subjects which is still dominated by teachers so that students become passive receive just the material given by the teacher and the learning result which not yet satisfy with the mean value under KKM. This study aims to determine whether there is influence of discussion methods, both individually and classically to the results of class V B on the subject of social studies in SDN 007 Panipahan. The study was conducted on 32 students consisting of 20 men and 12 women. Data were collected through observation by observer using observation sheet for discussion method data, and through postes unutuk data learning result. The results showed that the method of discussion can improve student learning outcomes, this is evidenced by: Student learning outcomes have increased, in the cycle I average learning outcomes obtained by students is 70.78. In the second cycle has increased with average learning outcome of 75.31. In addition, the classical completeness also increased on the percentage prasiklus student klasiskal completeness of 56.25%, in the first cycle reached 68.75%, in cycle II classical completeness reached 87.53%.

scholarly journals KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA PERMULAAN MELALUI PENGGUNAAN MEDIA PAPAN FLANEL ANAK USIA 4-5 TAHUN

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
Lathipah Hasanah ◽  
Aini Nurhasanah
Keyword(s):  
Reading Ability ◽  
Action Observation ◽  
Early Reading ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Planning Action

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research is improve the early reading ability in the child age 4-5 years through used flannel board. The subject of this research is children in grade A, TKI Nurul Hidayah, Bekasi Jaya Indah. The method used classroom action research. This research used qualitative and quantitative approach according to Kemmis model which consists of four components: planning, action, observation and reflection. The mean value obtained in pre intervention was 31.6%. Based on these results, intervention must be taken through used flannel board. After doing intervention in cycle I, The results obtained an average score of 51.1%. Then intervention in cycle II and obtained an average value of 75.4%. Based on these results, the early reading ability has increased according to determined criteria, so that intervention action is stopped. Based on the results of research that has been implemented, using flannel board very effective can improve the early reading ability.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan membaca permulaan pada anak usia 4-5 tahun melalui penggunaan media papan flanel. Subjek penelitian ini adalah anak-anak kelompok A di TKI Nurul Hidayah, Bekasi Jaya Indah. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan oleh peneliti adalah metode penelitian tindakan kelas. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif menurut model Kemmis yang terdiri dari empat komponen, yaitu: perencanaan, tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Nilai rata-rata yang didapat pada praintervensi adalah 31.6%. Berdasarkan hasil ini maka harus dilakukan tindakan intervensi melalui kegiatan bermain balok. Setelah melakukan intervensi tindakan siklus I maka diperoleh hasil nilai rata-rata sebesar 51.1%. Kemudian dilakukan intervensi tindakan siklus II dan diperoleh nilai rata-rata 75.4%. Berdasarkan hasil ini maka kemampuan membaca permulaan anak telah meningkat sesuai dengan kriteria yang telah ditentukan sehingga tindakan intervensi dihentikan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilaksanakan, penggunaan media papan flanel sangat efektif dapat meningkatkan kemampuan membaca permulaan pada anak.

scholarly journals TEST–RETEST RELIABILITY OF STATIC POSTURAL BALANCE VARIABLES IN NATURAL AND FEET-TOGETHER STANCE CONDITIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 2140033
Author(s):  
JUNGHYUK KO ◽  
DO-YOUNG KWON ◽  
SU-UNG CHAE ◽  
YU-RI KWON ◽  
GWANG-MOON EOM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postural Balance ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Balance Tests ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

It is important to confirm the reliability of postural balance variables because the results of balance tests would be different with different balance test protocols, i.e., stance conditions such as natural and feet-together stances. The aim of this study was to investigate the test–retest reliability of postural balance variables during the natural and feet-together stance conditions. Sixteen young healthy adults were instructed to sustain their center of body mass as stably as possible on the force plate. As balance standing conditions, natural (a comfortable self-selected stance width) and feet-together stances (placing the feet [Formula: see text] apart) were selected. The mean distance, mean velocity, mean frequency, and 95% confidence ellipse area were derived from the center of pressure (COP) time series in the overall, anteroposterior (AP), and mediolateral (ML) directions. To evaluate the test–retest reliability of the postural balance variables, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was calculated in each stance condition. Mean velocity was the most reliable variable particularly in three repeated balances within both the natural and feet together stances ([Formula: see text]–0.921). The reliability of all variables of the three balance test was greater than that of the two balance tests, mainly in the natural stance. In contrast, the mean ML distance of the feet-together stance had poor reliability despite three balance tests ([Formula: see text]). These results suggest that the balance test protocol should consider the appropriate stance conditions as well as the number of balance trials to select the reliable postural balance variables.

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