scholarly journals Formal rules, informal rules, and economic performance

2001 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Winiecki
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Institutional Characteristics ◽  
Wealth Creation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Informal Rules ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Formal Rules

In this article the author tries consider a question important for economic development: what happens when formal rules and informal rules of economic behaviour are in conflict. Under such circumstances even the best, wealth creation-enhancing rules must bring about different outcomes if introduced in the different political, economic, and socio-cultural environments. These considerations begin with the overview of possible balances and imbalances in the relationships between formal and informal rules and potential conflicts that may arise in the latter cases. The next step is the selection of institutional characteristics that facilitate the explanation and prediction of outcomes of formal rules&informal rules interactions. The third, and final, step considered in the article concerns the adjustment of rules (formal, informal, or both) over time and possible patterns of adjustment.

Explaining the Epigraphic Habit in the Roman Empire: The Evidence of Epitaphs

1990 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 74-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Right ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Over Time

It is now notorious that the production of inscriptions in the Roman Empire was not constant over time, but rose over the first and second centuries A.D. and fell in the third. Ramsay MacMullen pointed this out more than five years ago, with conclusions more cautionary than explanatory: ‘history is not being written in the right way’, he said, for historians have deduced Rome's decline from evidence that–since it appears only epigraphically–has merely disappeared for its own reasons, or have sought general explanations of decline in theories political, economic, or even demographic in nature, none of which can, in turn, explain the disappearance of epigraphy itself. Why this epigraphic habit rose and fell MacMullen left open to question, although he did postulate control by a ‘sense of audience’. The purpose of this paper is to propose that this ‘sense of audience’ was not generalized or generic, but depended on a belief in the value of romanization, of which (as noted but not explained by MacMullen's article) the epigraphic habit is also a rough indicator. Epitaphs constitute the bulk of all provincial inscriptions and in form and number are (generally speaking) the consequence of a provincial imitation of characteristically Roman practices, an imitation that depended on the belief that Roman legal status and style were important, and that may indeed have ultimately depended, at least in North Africa, on the acquisition or prior possession of that status. Such status-based motivations for erecting an epitaph help to explain not only the chronological distribution of epitaphs but also the differences in the type and distribution of epitaphs in the western and eastern halves of the empire. They will be used here moreover to suggest an explanation for the epigraphic habit as a whole.

Development of a Framework for Technological Embedding in Private Social Solidarity Institutions

2018 ◽  
pp. 83-108
Author(s):  
Luis Barreto ◽  
António M. Amaral ◽  
Teresa Pereira ◽  
Filipe Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Technological Literacy ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Daily Routines ◽  
The Third ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Problematic Situations ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Selection Of

The economic and social challenges felt in recent years because of the financial crisis impact wave were somehow attenuated by the silent work provided by the third sector institutions. Therefore, the incessant instability of the markets, as well as the population life-expectancy increasing and the implications thereof require new approaches towards pointing strategies to mitigate these problematic situations. For that reason, the development of technological solutions and applications for the private social solidarity institutions is an utmost challenge towards guaranteeing their sustainability and efficiency over time. The adoption of such solutions should be properly conceived to enhance their efficiency of the daily routines and to fulfill and inclusion of all users, while trying to reduce the technological literacy. The development of a technological framework to support the adoption of the practices, selection of technical requirements, and functionalities is seen as a great contribution for setting the roadmap that should be followed. This chapter explores the development of a framework for technological embedding in private social solidarity institutions.

Research on Work Values in a Changing Economic and Social Context

2019 ◽  
Vol 682 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Gallie
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Work Values ◽  
The Third ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Cross National

This article examines the agenda of research on work values that has been developing since the late 1960s. It distinguishes four phases, which successively broadened the scope of research on work values. The first phase focused on the likely impact of economic development and rising incomes on work values. The second interrogated the role of work values for those experiencing unemployment. The third extended the focus to gendered work values related to women’s increasing participation in the labor market. Finally, there has been increased interest in the strength of role attachment to a job and organization. In each area of research, the growth over time of cross-national comparative studies has revealed variations in work values across countries that point to the importance of understanding differences in institutional structures and cultural values.

Economic Outcomes and Political Support for British Governments among Occupational Classes: A Dynamic Analysis

1982 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Hibbs ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Real Income ◽  
Political Support ◽  
The Political ◽  
Past Performance ◽  
The Third ◽  
Distributional Consequences ◽  
Exchange Rate Movements ◽  
Over Time

The first section of the article establishes the political salience of macroeconomic issues to the British electorate, reviews the distributional consequences of macroeconomic outcomes, and suggests that unemployment outcomes in particular have strong class-related distributional effects.The second part presents a dynamic model of how rational voters evaluate the governing party, based on the idea that voters evaluate the cumulative performance of the governing party relative to the prior performance of the current opposition. Since the present relevance of prior outcomes decays over time, voters weight current performance more heavily than past performance informing contemporaneous political judgments.The empirical analyses in the third section include measures of nominal economic performance (inflation and exchange rate movements) and real economic performance (unemployment and real income fluctuations). The regression results indicate that the responses of political support among the occupational classes to macroeconomic changes are sizeable, and that the cross-class variations are consistent with the distributional consequences reviewed at the beginning of the article.The concluding section develops the electoral implications of the empirical results and presents a novel interpretation of trends in class-related political support for the parties. The evidence shows that the argument that there has been a persistent decline of class-based political alignments in Britain is erroneous.

Canadian Regional Development: The Quest for Convergence

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick James ◽  
Jonathan Krieckhaus
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Convergence Theory ◽  
Politique Publique ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
Développement Économique ◽  
Over Time

Abstract.This article assesses the economic development of Canadian provinces in the context provided by the theory of convergence. Two basic questions will be asked and to some extent answered. First, to what degree do the Canadian provinces reveal convergence over time in terms of general economic performance? Second, what are the implications of convergence theory for Canadian provincial policy? These questions combine to give the article a purpose that is both academic and policy relevant in nature.Four additional sections make up this article. The first explains the central place of convergence theory within the study of development, most notably as related to peripheries or lagging economies. Second, convergence theory is discussed within the special and interesting setting of the Canadian economy. Third, the research design and data analysis are presented. The results suggest that convergence is serving as a natural and highly robust corrective to regional disparity. Fourth, and finally, conclusions are offered and policy implications derived.Résumé.Cet article examine le développement économique des provinces canadiennes dans le cadre de la théorie de la convergence. Il pose deux grandes questions, auxquelles il répond en partie. Premièrement, dans quelle mesure les provinces canadiennes présentent-elles une convergence à long terme pour ce qui est de leur performance économique? Deuxièmement, quelles sont les implications de la théorie de la convergence pour les politiques provinciales ? Par ces deux questions, le présent article revêt à la fois une portée académique et une pertinence en matière de politique publique.L'article comprend également quatre parties. La première explique la place centrale qu'occupe la théorie de la convergence dans l'étude du développement économique, notamment en ce qui concerne les périphéries ou les économies accusant un certain retard. La deuxième discute la théorie de la convergence dans le cadre spécifique et intéressant de l'économie canadienne. La troisième précise le cadre d'analyse et dévoile l'analyse des données. Les résultats démontrent que la convergence représente un correctif naturel et fort efficace des disparités régionales. La quatrième et dernière partie présente les conclusions et quelques implications politiques qui en découlent.

System Change, Learning and Public Opinion about the Economy

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTOPHER J. ANDERSON ◽  
KATHLEEN M. O'CONNER
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
System Change ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Economic Trends ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Economic Perceptions

This study examines attitudes about the economy under conditions of system change. We argue that citizens in new market economics are relative novices with regard to understanding the new economic environment at the beginning of the transition phase, but that they accumulate experience as time passes. We develop and test two hypotheses: (1) we expect that, over time, economic perceptions more closely track objective economic performance; (2) as a corollary, we hypothesize that, over time, economic policy priorities of citizens in a new market economy more closely track objective economic performance. Time-series data of objective economic indicators and public opinion collected in East Germany between 1991 and 1995 are analysed using regression analyses and tests of structural change in parameters. We find that East Germans' economic perceptions correspond to actual economic trends as they develop experience with the political-economic system. The implications of our findings for research on the relationship between the economy and political support in societies in transition are discussed.

North Korea in 2012

Asian Survey ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Yung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Social Constraints ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Multiple Generations ◽  
Successful Transition ◽  
Far North ◽  
The Third ◽  
Supreme Leader ◽  
Political Economic

Thus far, North Korea appears to have made a successful transition of power to the third generation of Kims, installing the 28-year-old Kim Jong Un as the country's supreme leader. However, due to the diminishing legitimacy of multiple generations of inherited leadership, Kim Jong Un must deliver what North Korea needs most, namely, economic development. Kim has promised to give it priority, but structural (political, economic, and social) constraints do not allow him much room to maneuver.

Between Modernization and Stagnation: Economic Policy in 2012

2013 ◽  
pp. 4-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Mau
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Russian Economic Development ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Oil Boom ◽  
The World

The paper deals with the trends in the world and Russian economies towards development of a new post-crisis system, including technological and structural transformation. Three main scenarios of Russian economic development (conservative, innovation and acceleration) are discussed basing on historical analysis of Russian economic performance since 1970-s when oil boom started. On this basis key challenges of economic policy in 2013 are discussed.

Waiting for a New Model of Growth: Russia’s Social and Economic Development in 2013

2014 ◽  
pp. 4-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Mau
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Global Crisis ◽  
New Model ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Economic Risks

The paper deals with Russian social and economic development in 2013 and prospects for the next year or two. The author discusses the logic and trends of the global crisis started in 2008. This is the basis for further analysis of current Russian economic performance with special emphasis on the problem of growth rates deceleration. Special attention is paid to economic risks and priorities of economic policy.

Displace of Documentary Heritage from the Soviet Union to Poland during the Third Decade of the XXth Century

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 127-137
Author(s):  
Tatsiana Hiarnovich
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
Peace Treaty ◽  
Actual Process ◽  
Xxth Century ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
Selection Of

The paper explores the displace of Polish archives from the Soviet Union that was performed in 1920s according to the Riga Peace Treaty of 1921 and other international agreements. The aim of the research is to reconstruct the process of displace, based on the archival sources and literature. The object of the research is those documents that were preserved in the archives of Belarus and together with archives from other republics were displaced to Poland. The exploration leads to clarification of the selection of document fonds to be displaced, the actual process of movement and the explanation of the role that the archivists of Belarus performed in the history of cultural relationships between Poland and the Soviet Union. The articles of the Treaty of Riga had been formulated without taking into account the indivisibility of archive fonds that is one of the most important principles of restitution, which caused the failure of the treaty by the Soviet part.

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