scholarly journals History of the therapy of pernicious anemia

2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (44) ◽  
pp. 1754-1758
Author(s):  
András Jeney
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Pernicious Anemia ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Cell Regeneration ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
History Of

Increased blood cell regeneration in exsanguinated experimental animals treated either with liver or with aqueous liver extracts was reported by Whipple and by Jeney and Jobling, respectively. These findings stimulated Minot and Murphy to provide evidence for the efficacy of liver against anaemia in clinical studies. After oral administration of liver (45–50 g per day) for 45 patients with anaemia perniciosa improvement of the hematological status was demonstrated. Consequently, for proving the therapeutic value of liver therapy Whipple, Minot and Murphy received Nobel price in 1934. The isolation of the antianemic factor from the liver has been succeded in 1948 and designated as vitamin B12. At the same time Lucy Wills applied yeast for the treatment of pregnant women with anemia related to undernourisment. The conclusions of this study inspired the discovery of folate. The detailed investigation of the mode of action of vitamin B12and folate enriched our knowledge in the area of pathophysiology and extended the clinical application of these two drugs. Orv. Hetil., 154 (44), 1754–1758.

scholarly journals RED CELL STROMA PROTEIN RICH IN VITAMIN B12 DURING ACTIVE REGENERATION

1955 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 725-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Whipple ◽  
F. S. Robscheit-Robbins ◽  
W. F. Bale
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Pernicious Anemia ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Cell Regeneration ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Active Regeneration ◽  
Protein Rich

During active blood regeneration in anemia in dogs an increase occurs in the stroma protein of the red cells. When vitamin B12 with radioactive cobalt is given at the start of this blood regeneration one finds concentration of labeled B12 in the stroma protein but not in the hemoglobin. After the acute phase of red cell regeneration is ended the concentration of B12 in stroma protein falls rapidly to very low levels within 2 weeks. Subsequent episodes of red blood cell regeneration seems not to cause remobilization of radioactive cobalt into red cells from other body stores. It appears that the vitamin B12 is a factor of importance in the first steps of stroma protein formation in the first few days of the life of the red cell in the dog. This response in dogs and the response in pernicious anemia to vitamin B12 may have some points in common. Distribution of the B12-radioactive cobalt in the organs and tissues at autopsy has been recorded. Some very suggestive localizations were noted and some variation 1 week and 7 weeks after B12 injections. Radioactive cobalt escapes in the urine during the weeks following B12 injections.

Clinical Studies in Adults Presenting with Giardiasis to a Gastro-Intestinal Unit

1985 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gillon
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Villous Atrophy ◽  
Gastric Surgery ◽  
Iga Deficiency ◽  
Intraepithelial Lymphocyte ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Histological Abnormality ◽  
History Of ◽  
Predisposing Conditions

Eight adults presenting with giardiasis to a gastrointestinal unit during a two year period were studied in detail. Symptoms were varied, diarrhoea occurring in only five patients. Four of the eight gave a history of travel to endemic zones, and three of those who gave no such history had possible predisposing conditions (gastric surgery (2), and borderline IgA deficiency (1)). Most patients exhibited mild malabsorption of fat and vitamin B12, and some abnormality of jejunal disaccharidases was usual. Jejunal histology varied from normal to partial villous atrophy, and the intraepithelial lymphocyte count was raised in those patients with the most marked histological abnormality. Treatment with metronidazole was uniformly successful, and most of the above abnormalities reverted to normal within a month of treatment.

Vitiligo and Associated Autoimmune Disease: Retrospective Review of 300 Patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Sawicki ◽  
Sanjay Siddha ◽  
Cheryl Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Pernicious Anemia ◽  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
History Of

Background: Vitiligo, the most common cutaneous depigmentation disorder, has reported associations with other autoimmune diseases. However, literature on the strengths of the associations is conflicting, and no data on the subject exist from a Canadian population. Objective: To determine autoimmune disease associations with vitiligo and which, if any, screening bloodwork is appropriate in vitiligo patients. Methods: A retrospective review of vitiligo patients admitted to the Toronto Western Hospital phototherapy unit was conducted from January 1, 2000, to August 30, 2009. Data regarding patient characteristics, vitiligo clinical features (family history, age at onset, type, extent), associated diseases in the patient and family, and admission bloodwork (hemoglobin, vitamin B12, thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH], antinuclear antibody) were recorded and compared, using the Fisher exact test where applicable. Results: A total of 300 patient charts were reviewed (average age 41.5 ± 15.5 years; 47% male, 53% female). Hypothyroidism was present in 12.0% and pernicious anemia in 1.3% of patients—significant increases over the population prevalence. No other differences in prevalence were seen compared to the general population. TSH was increased in 3.7% of patients without a history of hypothyroidism. Hemoglobin and vitamin B12 were decreased in 0.3% of vitiligo patients without a history of pernicious anemia. Conclusion: We found a significantly higher prevalence of hypothyroidism and pernicious anemia in vitiligo patients.

Comparative Chemical, Biological and Clinical Studies of 99mTc-Glucoheptonate and 99mTc-Dimercaptosucci- nate as Used in Renal Scintigraphy

1979 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. 40-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Malešević ◽  
Lj. Stefanović ◽  
N. Vanlić-Razumenić
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Gamma Camera ◽  
Radiochemical Purity ◽  
Renal Cortex ◽  
Renal Scintigraphy ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Dynamic Studies

The renal radiopharmaceutical preparations 99mTc-DMS and 99mTc-GH were examined chemically, biologically and clinically. Both preparations are of high radiochemical purity. The biodistribution of both preparations was examined in experimental animals at different time intervals, from 15 min to 4 hr; the percentage of incorporation of 99mTc-DMS into kidneys is much higher (29.4% to 52.0%) than that of 99mTc-GH (12.80% to 22.20%). Both preparations accumulate to a greater extent in the renal cortex than in the medulla.The most suitable time for renal scintigraphy for "mTc-DMS is 90-150 min while for 99mTc-GH it is 60-90 min. It is concluded that 99mTc-DMS is more suitable for static scintigrams on the scanner and 99mTc-GH for dynamic studies with the gamma camera.

scholarly journals Red Blood Cell Transfusion in the Emergency Department: An Observational Cross-Sectional Multicenter Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2475
Author(s):  
Olivier Peyrony ◽  
Danaé Gamelon ◽  
Romain Brune ◽  
Anthony Chauvin ◽  
Daniel Aiham Ghazali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Red Blood Cell Transfusion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acute Bleeding ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rbc Transfusion

Background: We aimed to describe red blood cell (RBC) transfusions in the emergency department (ED) with a particular focus on the hemoglobin (Hb) level thresholds that are used in this setting. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 12 EDs including all adult patients that received RBC transfusion in January and February 2018. Descriptive statistics were reported. Logistic regression was performed to assess variables that were independently associated with a pre-transfusion Hb level ≥ 8 g/dL. Results: During the study period, 529 patients received RBC transfusion. The median age was 74 (59–85) years. The patients had a history of cancer or hematological disease in 185 (35.2%) cases. Acute bleeding was observed in the ED for 242 (44.7%) patients, among which 145 (59.9%) were gastrointestinal. Anemia was chronic in 191 (40.2%) cases, mostly due to vitamin or iron deficiency or to malignancy with transfusion support. Pre-transfusion Hb level was 6.9 (6.0–7.8) g/dL. The transfusion motive was not notified in the medical chart in 206 (38.9%) cases. In the multivariable logistic regression, variables that were associated with a higher pre-transfusion Hb level (≥8 g/dL) were a history of coronary artery disease (OR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.29–3.41), the presence of acute bleeding (OR: 2.44; 95% CI: 1.53–3.94), and older age (OR: 1.02/year; 95% CI: 1.01–1.04). Conclusion: RBC transfusion in the ED was an everyday concern and involved patients with heterogeneous medical situations and severity. Pre-transfusion Hb level was rather restrictive. Almost half of transfusions were provided because of acute bleeding which was associated with a higher Hb threshold.

Mode of action and clinical studies with alemtuzumab

2014 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne L. Jones ◽  
Alasdair J. Coles
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Mode Of Action

Roth-like Spot in an Adult With Vitamin B6 Deficiency and Nonepileptic Seizures

2021 ◽  
pp. 247412642110287
Author(s):  
Diana Driscoll ◽  
David Callanan
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Adult Patient ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Case Review ◽  
Single Patient ◽  
Retinal Lesion ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nonepileptic Seizures ◽  
Vitamin B6 Deficiency

Purpose: This work reports retinal findings in an adult patient with vitamin B6 deficiency. Methods: A case review of a single patient is presented. Results: A patient with a Roth-type retinal lesion and a history of nonepileptic seizures was found to have lymphocytic colitis. She was treated with pyridoxine, which resolved her seizures and the white-centered hemorrhage. Conclusions: Vitamin B6 deficiency should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with white-centered hemorrhages and a history of nonepileptic seizures.

An Investigation as to the Therapeutic Value of Thyroid Feeding in Mental Diseases

1912 ◽  
Vol 58 (242) ◽  
pp. 424-447
Author(s):  
Richard Eager
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorder ◽  
State Hospital ◽  
Thyroid Extract ◽  
Valuable Addition ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
History Of

The history of the use of thyroid extract in insanity dates back to the year 1893, when McPherson (1), of Larbert Asylum, reported a case of myxódematous insanity which recovered from both the myxódema and the mental disorder under its use. Its use in cretinism has also met with much success. My investigations, however, are confined to its use in mental conditions not associated with myxódema or cretinism. In 1894 McClaughey (2), of the District Asylum, Maryborough, reported two cases as improved, and in 1894–5 McPhail and Brace's results (3) and observations of treatment were published in detail. The publication of their results and their belief that “in thyroid feeding we possess a valuable addition to our armamentarium in the treatment of certain cases of insanity” incited many other alienists to test its efficacy. Besides Clarke, Brush and Burges in America must be mentioned Mabon and Babcock (4), who give a review of the results obtained in 1032 collected cases of insanity from twenty-four different observers, and who show that 23·9 per cent. recovered and 29·4 per cent. were improved. They also report on a further use of thyroid on sixty-one cases at the St. Lawrence State Hospital.

scholarly journals The Role of Hydrolyzed Formula in Allergy Prevention

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (Suppl. 2) ◽  
pp. 38-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Cabana
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Food Allergy ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Allergic Disease ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Atopic Disease ◽  
Allergy Prevention ◽  
Preventive Effect ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hydrolyzed Formula

Asthma, eczema, food allergy, and allergic rhinitis are some of the most common pediatric, chronic conditions in the world. Breastfeeding is the optimal way to feed all infants. For those infants who are exposed to infant formula, some studies suggest that certain partially hydrolyzed or extensively hydrolyzed formulas may decrease the risk of allergic disease compared to nonhydrolyzed formulas for children with a family history of atopic disease. Overall, there is some evidence to suggest that partially hydrolyzed whey formulas and extensively hydrolyzed casein formulas may decrease the risk of developing eczema for infants at high risk of allergic disease. The evidence for a preventive effect of hydrolyzed formulas on allergic rhinitis, food allergy, and asthma is inconsistent and insufficient. Finally, the qualitative changes to the peptides by the method of hydrolysis, not just the degree of protein hydrolysis, may have a large influence on the preventive effect of a particular infant formula for the potential risk of allergic disease. As a result, it may be difficult to generalize findings from clinical studies using a specific infant formula to other infant formulas from different manufacturers using different methods of hydrolysis. Further clinical studies are needed to help clinicians identify which infants may benefit from early intervention, as well as which specific hydrolyzed formulas are best suited to decrease the risk of future allergic disease.

Intravenous mercaptopurine: life begins at 40.

1993 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1826-1831 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Pinkel
Keyword(s):  
Acute Leukemia ◽  
Anticancer Drugs ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Lymphoid Leukemia ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
History Of ◽  
Csf Levels ◽  
Antileukemia Drugs

PURPOSE This review is intended to provide a concise portrayal of the background, rationale, and current use of intravenous infusions of mercaptopurine (6MP) in patients with acute leukemia. DESIGN After a brief description of the mode of action of 6MP and the formulation, pharmacokinetics, and history of its intravenous administration, the rationale for current use of intravenous 6MP infusion is explained. Subsequently, the review summarizes and discusses clinical experience with intravenous 6MP alone and in combination with intravenous methotrexate (Mtx) and cytarabine (Ara-C). RESULTS Although still an investigative drug, intravenous 6MP has been used for 40 years and currently is being administered extensively to children with previously untreated acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) in frontline protocol studies. The reasons are the better and more consistent bioavailability of intravenous versus oral MP, higher blood and CSF levels, compliance, and preliminary evidence suggesting superior remission experience for intravenous Mtx and 6MP than for Mtx alone. The apparent lack of late adverse sequelae with 6MP as compared with other antileukemia drugs adds to this interest. CONCLUSION The new life of intravenous 6MP at age 40 years illustrates the need for continued investigation of significant anticancer drugs as insights and technology progress.

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