„A work so truly English in its story and its music“. Arthur Sullivans Ivanhoe und die Suche nach einer englischen Nationaloper

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 457-484
Author(s):  
Arne Stollberg
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Musical Characteristics ◽  
National Opera ◽  
Opera House ◽  
Musical Renaissance ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
English Opera ◽  
Made In

In order to overcome the persistent cliché of a “land without music,” considerable efforts were made in Great Britain at the end of the 19th century to establish what is now labelled the English Musical Renaissance. One of the movement’s main concerns was to establish both institutionally and artistically a National Opera for the production of English works. In this context, the opening of a newly built opera house, the Royal English Opera, by the impresario Richard D’Oyly Carte in 1891 created a great stir. The Royal English Opera was inaugurated with Arthur Sullivan’s “Romantic Opera” Ivanhoe. Sullivan tried to give his score an especially English flavour without using folksongs or other overtly national musical characteristics. His composition can be seen as a synthesis of German, French and Italian influences, which intentionally mirrors the fusion of the Anglo-Saxon and Norman elements to form the English nation under King Richard the Lionheart as presented in the opera’s plot. Unfortunately the story of D’Oyly Carte’s enterprise was a short one and Sullivan’s opera quickly passed into oblivion.

Caprio and Merola: Latin American Contribution to the Development of Liver Surgery

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Ruso Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Liver Resection ◽  
Surgical Technique ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Liver Surgery ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Made In

Regarding the history of liver surgery, Latin American pioneers have only occasionally been mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon literature. One of such rare cases was Uruguayan surgeon Gerardo Caprio, who in 1931 published a report about a resection of the left lobe of the liver. This was done during an uneventful period in the development of ideas on this surgical technique, following the remarkable advances made in the last quarter of the 19th Century. The anatomic and liver manipulation concepts used by Caprio had been developed by Merola in reports dating back to 1916 and 1920, which revealed well-grounded disagreements with the most renowned anatomists of the time. This paper discusses Merola and Caprio’s academic profile by analyzing their publications, the knowledge base and experience that led the latter to perform such liver resection, and the surgical principles applied to it, which would only be formally adopted worldwide 20 years later.

scholarly journals History of otorhinolaryngology in Germany before 1921

HNO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 338-365
Author(s):  
Albert Mudry ◽  
Robert Mlynski ◽  
Burkhard Kramp
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Neck Surgery ◽  
German Society ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Head And Neck Surgery ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academic Organization ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Made In

AbstractIn 2021, the German Society of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery is celebrating the 100th anniversary of its foundation. The aim of this article is to present the main inventions and progress made in Germany before 1921, the date the society was founded. Three chronological periods are discernible: the history of otorhinolaryngology (ORL) in Germany until the beginning of the 19th century, focusing mainly on the development of scattered knowledge; the birth of the sub-specialties otology, laryngology (pharyngo-laryngology and endoscopy), and rhinology in the 19th century, combining advances in knowledge and implementation of academic structures; and the creation of the ORL specialty at the turn of the 20th century, mainly concentrating on academic organization and expansion. This period was crucial and allowed for the foundation of the German Society of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery on solid ground. Germany played an important role in the development and progress of ORL internationally in the 19th century with such great contributors as Anton von Tröltsch, Hermann Schwartze, Otto Körner, Rudolf Voltolini, and Gustav Killian to mention a few.

Ein föderales Imperium?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Rummel
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
British Empire ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
The Other ◽  
The 19Th Century

The previously ignored model of Greek colonisation attracted numerous actors from the 19th century British empire: historians, politicians, administrators, military personnel, journalists or anonymous commentators used the ancient paradigm to advocate a global federation exclusively encompassing Great Britain and the settler colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. Unlike other historical templates, Greek colonisation could be viewed as innovative and unspent: innovative because of the possibility of combining empire and liberty and unspent due to its very novelty, which did not contain the ‘imperial vice’ the other models had so often shown and which had always led to their political and cultural decline.

scholarly journals PEREDARAN OPIUM DI MINANGKABAU ABAD KE-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nasir
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Reform Movement ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Opium Trade ◽  
Islamic Reform ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Made In

This article discusses the history of Minangkabau in the 19th century AD. One of the themes of 19th century Minangkabau history is the Islamic reform movement promoted by religious groups commonly called the Padri movement. One of the central issues of the Padri movement was eradicating the habit of drinking alcoholism that occurred in Minangkabau society. The habit of smoking the drug that comes from boiling opium certainly indicates the existence of the drug on a large scale. Therefore, this article will present a picture of the opium trade in Minangkabau in the 19th century from upstream (providers) to downstream (dealers). It is hoped that this article will be useful as an explanation for the habit of smoking made in the Minangkabau community at that time.

scholarly journals Receptor Visionaries

Perception ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 833-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. Wade
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Sensory Receptors ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Made In

Sensory receptors were described and illustrated after they had been observed with the aid of microscopes. Most descriptions were made in the 19th century after the introduction of achromatic lenses in microscopes. In some senses (like vision), receptors were named according to their morphology whereas in others (like touch), they are known by the names of those who initially described them. Illustrations of the receptors from original sources are here combined with portraits of their originators.

On the issue of the British presence in Egypt: the business of “Thomas Cook and Son” in the assessment of contemporaries (the last third of the 19th century)

2021 ◽  
pp. 224-232
Author(s):  
Anna Y. Vasileva
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Nile Valley ◽  
Civilizing Mission ◽  
Mass Tourism ◽  
Colonial Policy ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

The purpose of the study is to determine how the development of the tourism business of Thomas Cook and Son in the Nile Valley influenced the perception and assessment of contemporaries of the British presence in Egypt at the end of the 19th century. The relevance of the analyzed problem lies in the fact that the study of the history of tourism in the era of New imperialism allows us to supplement our understanding of the representations of the empire and private busi-ness and their mutual influence. It is substantiated that, according to the views of contemporaries, the activities of the company contributed to the creation of conditions for the economic develop-ment of Egypt, opened these territories to the world, providing free movement along the Nile, and contributed to the spread of the English language, making this country more “civilized” in the eyes of Europeans. We conclude that, at the same time, the handbooks of the company broadcasted the achievements of the imperial policy of Great Britain, reinforcing the idea of the positive conse-quences of the British occupation for Egypt. It is concluded that the commercial success of private business became a visible manifestation of the success of the England’s civilizing mission. The research materials can be used to further study the relationship between the development of mass tourism and the colonial policy of Great Britain.

The “Entente cordiale” and the rivalry of Great Britain and France in North Africa in 1830s–1840s. The example of Morocco

2021 ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Natalia Zherlitsina
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Open Phase ◽  
Liberation Struggle ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Peace In Europe ◽  
Independent Country ◽  
Dominant Influence

The article examines the relationship between the two leading powers of the 19th century, Great Britain and France, against the background of colonial rivalry in North Africa. Analyzing relevant English, French, and Moroccan diplomatic documents, the author concludes that the issue of establishing a dominant influence in Morocco was one of the main issues in the relations between Great Britain and France in 1830–1840. The French takeover of Algeria disrupted the regional and European balance of influence and gave a conflicting character to the relations between the competing powers. The “Entente Cordiale” (“Cordial Accord”), designed to contribute to the preservation of peace in Europe, acted as a deterrent that did not allow Great Britain and France to move to an open phase of confrontation in the Maghreb. The sharp phase of the rivalry between the two powers in Morocco occurred in 1837–1844 and was associated with the name of the hero of the liberation struggle of Algeria from the French invaders, Emir Abd al-Qadir. The Franco-Moroccan War of 1844 ended with the defeat of Morocco, facing the threat of French occupation. Due to the pressure from British diplomacy, the Franco-Moroccan treaty was concluded, and the sultanate existed as an independent country for about sixty years, although in fact the European powers did not stop systematically undermining the country's sovereignty.

scholarly journals Meteor Studies

1988 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 170-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.A. Lindblad
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Main Interest ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Sporadic Meteors ◽  
Important Milestone

Historically meteor astronomy is one area where amateurs have always been able to make significant contributions. In fact, in the 19th century, it was amateur naked eye and telescopic observations which laid down much of the foundations of meteor astronomy. References to this work can be found in any textbook on meteors. The 19th century observers concentrated on counting meteors, estimating magnitudes and plotting the meteor paths on star maps. Their main interest was to determine hourly rates and shower radiants. An important milestone was Denning’s radiant catalogue (Denning 1882), which included 4367 shower radiants. Although it is now believed that many of these radiants are spurious, the catalogue is still a useful reference. Unfortunately Denning and other 19th century observers often combined sporadic meteors observed on different nights into a minor stream radiant. This habit of “radiant hunting” is even today quite popular among some amateur observers. However, in all fairness it should be emphasized that most of the 20th century amateur meteor observers applied very strict criteria to their radiant determinations. Names such as J.M. Prentice in Great Britain, R.A. McIntosh in New Zealand and R. Rigollet in France may be mentioned.

Where Honor is Due: Frederick Douglass as Representative Black Man

Prospects ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 177-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson J. Moses
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Ralph Waldo Emerson ◽  
Abraham Lincoln ◽  
Frederick Douglass ◽  
The Self ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
American Tradition ◽  
African American Tradition ◽  
The 19Th Century

Frederick Douglass may or may not have been the greatest African American abolitionist and orator of the 19th Century, but he was certainly the most accomplished master of self-projection. His autobiographical writings demonstrate the genius with which he seized and manipulated mainstream American symbols and values. By appropriating the Euro-American myth of the self-made man, Douglass guaranteed that his struggle would be canonized, not only within an African American tradition, but within the traditions of the mainstream as well. He manipulated the rhetoric of Anglo-Saxon manhood as skillfully as did any of his white contemporaries, including such master manipulators as Abraham Lincoln, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Phineas T. Barnum. I mention Douglass along with these wily exemplars of American showmanship, not because I want to drag out embarrassing cliches about making heroes more human, but in order to address the truly monumental nature of Douglass's accomplishments. Douglass, like Lincoln, Emerson, and Barnum, was abundantly endowed with the spiderish craft and foxlike cunning that are often marks of self-made men.

The political responsibility for Royal pardons in Belgium during the 19th century (1830–1900)

2007 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-178
Author(s):  
J. Monballyu
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Death Sentence ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Responsibility ◽  
Constitutional Convention ◽  
Political Position ◽  
Opposite View ◽  
The Government ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Made In

AbstractIn Belgium, the Royal Prerogative of pardoning convicted criminals was legally embedded in the Constitution of 14th February, 1831. It allowed the King to reduce a sentence or to grant a discharge of a sentence given by a court. Any Royal decision to pardon had, however, to be countersigned by a member of the Government, who took on the political responsibility of the decision towards Parliament. In most cases, the task fell upon the Minister of Justice. During the 19th century, in both Houses of the Belgian Parliament, the Minister of Justice was repeatedly questioned about the way the prerogative of pardoning was exercised. This usually occurred when a death sentence had been commuted to a lesser sentence. In such cases, members of the Chamber of Representatives or of the Senate would ask for an explicit justification of a particular pardon. Only exceptionally would a Government Minister be challenged about the legality of a decision either granting or refusing a pardon. Because of the constitutional convention which prevents exposing directly the political position of the King, Jules d'Anethan (Minister of Justice 1843–1847) defended the Minister's right to refuse to give any reasons for a decision regarding a pardon. He only acknowledged Parliament's right to question a Minister about his general policy on pardons. In his view, it was not within Parliament's powers to ask a Minister of Justice why a pardon had been granted or refused in a specific case. That view tended to limit considerably a Minister's responsibility for Royal pardons: it became no more than an empty shell. Another Minister of Justice, Théophile De Lantsheere (1871–1878), took an opposite view. He refused to state his general policy on pardons, but he accepted to explain the specific reasons why a Royal decision granting or refusing a pardon had been made. In his view, a pardon was in the first place a matter for the Minister's conscience. Parliament was therefore entitled to assess his particular actions. However, in the line of his predecessors' and successors' view, he believed that the reasons why the King had insisted on a pardon or refused to grant a pardon should not be mentioned to Parliament. Pardon was an issue between King and Government, not between King and Parliament. As the saying goes in Belgian constitutional law: The Crown should never be laid 'bare'.

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