scholarly journals Functional preparedness of women of the first period of mature age of different somatotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 296-304
Author(s):  
Viacheslav M. Miroshnichenko ◽  
Yuriy M. Furman ◽  
Viktoriia Yu. Bohuslavska ◽  
Oleksandra Yu. Brezdeniuk ◽  
Svitlana V. Salnykova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Growth Chart ◽  
Functional Fitness ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Wingate Anaerobic Test

Background and Study Aim. It is believed that the somatotype is a predictor of indicators of functional readiness. There are significant differences in the aerobic performance of the body for people of different somatotypes among students girls and men. Features of manifestation of anaerobic possibilities of an organism at persons of various somatotypes from 7 to 30 years old are described. We can assume that women of the first adulthood period of different somatotypes, indicators of functional readiness are manifested in different ways. The aim of the study was to identify the features of aerobic, anaerobic lactate and anaerobic alactate productivity of women of the first period of mature age of different somatotypes. Material and Methods. The study involved 210 females 25-35 years old. Somatotype was determined in all subjects. Functional readiness was determined by indicators of anaerobic lactatic productivity, anaerobic alactatic productivity and aerobic productivity of the organism. The power of aerobic energy supply processes was investigated by VO2max. To determine the VO2max used cycling ergometric version of the PWC 170 test. The subjects was performed a stepwise increasing load on the ergometer to determine the TAM. At the end of each stage, heart rate was recorded. The TAM level corresponded to the inflection point on the heart rate growth chart. The capacity of anaerobic lactate processes of energy supply was investigated by indicator of the maximum quantity of mechanical work for 1 minute (MQMK). The subjects performed a bicycle ergometric load duration 1 min with a power of 225 W with a maximum pedaling frequency. The power of anaerobic lactate processes of energy supply was determined by the Wingate anaerobic test WAnT 30. The power of anaerobic alactate processes of energy supply was determined by the test WAnT 10. Statistical processing was performed using the program STATISTICA 13. Results. According to absolute indicators (WAnT10. WAnT30. MQMK, TAM, VO2max) the advantage of representatives of endomorphic-mesomorphic somatotype was established. According to relative indicators of aerobic productivity (TAM, VO2max) representatives of the ectomorphic and balanced somatotype predominate. Conclusions. High values of absolute indicators of functional readiness are associated with high values ​​of body mass in combination with a high percentage of muscle for women of different somatotypes.  Accordingly, for representatives of somatotypes with lower body mass are characterized by lower absolute values ​​of all indicators of functional fitness. The relative indicators of aerobic productivity are dominated by representatives of somatotypes, which are characterized by lower body mass.

scholarly journals The Association of Obesity and Liver Enzyme Activities in a Student Population at Increased Risk for Cardiovascular Disease / Veza Između Gojaznosti I Aktivnosti Jetrenih Enzima U Studentskoj Populaciji Sa Povećanim Rizikom Za Nastanak Kardiovaskularnih Bolesti

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emina Čolak ◽  
Dragana Pap ◽  
Nada Majkić-Singh ◽  
Ivana Obradović
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Liver Enzyme ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Increased Risk

Summary Background: It has been reported that obesity is associated with metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, cardiovascular risk but also with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents is increasing rapidly all over the world. The aim of this study was to analyze the value of liver enzymes: AST, ALT and γGT in a group of obese students in order to establish their correlation to anthropometric parameters such as: BMI (body mass index), WC (waist circumference), HC (hip circumference), and WHR (waist-to-hip ratio) compared to non-obese students who comprised the control group (CG). Methods: In this study, 238 students from the University of Novi Sad of both sexes (126 men and 112 women) with a mean age of 22.32 ± 1.85 years were included. According to the body mass index (BMI) lower and higher than 25 kg/m2 and waist circumference (WC) lower and higher than 94 cm (80 cm for females) the whole group of 238 students was divided into 2 subgroups: the obese group at increased risk for CVD (Group 1) and the group at lower risk for CVD (Group 2). AST, ALT and γGT activities were determined in fasting blood samples. Results: Statistical processing data revealed significantly higher values of AST, ALT and γGT in the group of students with BMI>25 kg/m2, WC>94 cm for males and WC>80 cm for females, HC>108 cm for males and HC>111 cm for females, and WHR>0.90 for males and WHR>0.80 for females (P<0.001). Significant association was established between anthropometric parameters and liver enzyme levels (P<0.0001). Conclusions: Obese students with higher BMI, WC, HC and WHR values have higher liver enzyme activites and a higher chance to develop NAFLD in the future.

scholarly journals Behavioral Modification Enhances the Benefits from Structured Aerobic and Resistance Training

2019 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. E48-E57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett A. Dolezal ◽  
David M. Boland ◽  
Eric V. Neufeld ◽  
Jennifer L. Martin ◽  
Christopher B. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Behavioral Modification ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Fitness Measures ◽  
Lower Body Power

AbstractBehavioral modification (BM) is a strategy designed to sustain or restore well-being through effects such as enhanced relaxation, reduced stress, and improved sleep. Few studies have explored the role of BM delivered in the context of fitness programs for healthy adults. Thus, the purpose of this investigation was to examine whether BM combined with aerobic and resistance training programs would improve health and fitness measures more than the exercise training alone. Thirty-two healthy fitness club members (19 men) were randomized to receive a BM program (n=15) or an equal-attention (EA) control (n=17). BM consisted of twelve, 10-min education sessions between a trained fitness professional and the participant, coupled with weekly, individualized relaxation, stress reduction, and sleep improvement assignments. All participants engaged in 1 h of coached resistance training and remotely guided aerobic exercise thrice weekly for 12 weeks. Fitness measures (aerobic performance, body composition, muscle strength and endurance, lower-body power), sleep characteristics, and heart rate variability (HRV) were obtained at baseline and after the 12-week program. BM resulted in greater improvements in aerobic performance (increased maximum oxygen uptake, metabolic (lactate) threshold, and percent of maximum oxygen uptake at which metabolic threshold occurred), peak and average lower-body power, and body composition (decreased body fat percentage and fat mass) compared to EA. BM also positively influenced parasympathetic tone through increased High-frequency HRV. BM resulted in greater improvements in fitness measures, body composition, and heart rate variability compared with EA. These findings have intriguing implications regarding the role of BM in augmenting health and physical performance.

scholarly journals Body Image in Women during Midlife

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-383
Author(s):  
Ksenia N. Belogai
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Middle Adulthood ◽  
Positive Body Image ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
Positive Feelings

The present paper deals with the body image formed in women during the period of middle adulthood, or midlife. The research featured Russian-speaking women, who demonstrated a global trend in that they expressed mainly negative ideas about their body and a standard dissatisfaction with their appearance. The women were concerned with their body weight, shape, and functional characteristics. In middle adulthood, body image is determined, to a large extent, by the exclusively female bodily experience, i.e. menstruation, pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding. For instance, women with a positive attitude towards their own body were less likely to have abortions or miscarriages, complications during pregnancy and childbirth. In addition, they expressed more pronounced positive feelings associated with the movement of the fetus in the womb. In general, positive body image was found to form in those pregnant women who moved on from evaluating their appearance to evaluating the functionality of their body. The data also showed that the body image in women aged 25–40 depended on the body mass index: women with a lower body mass index had a more positive body image.

scholarly journals Changes of physical Development of learners (11–17 Year Old), their Physical and Functional Fitness Indicators and Reference Scales

Pedagogika ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-121
Author(s):  
Audronius Vilkas ◽  
Rimantas Mėlinis
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Functional Fitness ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Intensive Development ◽  
Shuttle Run

The age of adolescence (11–17 years of age) is characterized by the most intensive development of all organism functions and systems. The greatest heterochronicity of physical development and different functional systems of an organism is noted in this period. Therefore, it is of top significance to explore the changes of learners‘ physical and functional fitness at this age and determine tentative referential scales of their indicators. The aim of the research is to investigate physical development of teenagers (boys) of different age groups, their physical and functional fitness, as well as to design referential scales of the obtained indicators. The object of the research is physical development as well as physical and functional fitness of 5–10th form teenage boys (11–17 year old). Physical development (height (cm), weight (kg)) and physical fitness of the boys (205 boys of 5–10th forms) were determined in terms of EUROFIT fitness tests (2002). The results of physical development research and their comparative analysis showed that a substantial growth in height and weight was observed in forms 7 and 9. The height of 5–10 form boys changed insignificantly throughout the decade and approximated the average: however, the average of the body mass considerably increased and was higher than provided in EUROFIT (2002) or designed height and mass charts of child growth (Tutkuvienė, 1995). Hence, it is assumed that such an increase in the aforesaid indicator results was determined by the processes incurred in the period of the most intensive development. The research findings in physical fitness demonstrated that the results of 10 × 5 meter Shuttle Run most significantly increased in form 8 and complied with the results achieved by boys, who were two years older. However, later the results were stabilized and changed insignificantly, whereas the dissemination of results was rather low. Explosive leg power (Standing Broad Jump) and the results of hand dynamometry increased in form 7. The results of both explosive and static hand power were similar or insignificantly higher in comparison with the ones of EUROFIT (2002). The results of the endurance of abdominal muscles (Sit-ups test) improved in forms 7 and 9; the results in all surveyed forms appeared to exceed or equal the ones of EUROFIT (2002). The boys’ balance (Flamingo Balance test) and flexibility (Sit- and-Reach test) decreased in form 7 and increased in form 9. However, the research results showed that the data on the balance and flexibility of the surveyed boys approximated or insignificantly exceeded the ones provided in EUROFIT (2002). The greatest increase in the test results of physical development and fitness were observed in forms 7 and 9. However, these results approximated or insignificantly surpassed the results of EUROFIT (2002), with an exception of the growth in body mass and improvement in balance and shuttle run. Presumably, such results were obtained due to the most intensive puberty processes and their conditioned discrepancies, such as acceleration and retardation outcomes, between biological and calendar age. The investigated physical development, physical and functional fitness, their changes in the period of adolescence, as well as the design referential scales enable teachers and sports couches to accurately assess physical and functional conditions, as well as improve the process of (self-) development in pursuance for greater results of physical education.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF ADAPTATION OF WOMEN 25-35 YEARS OLD TO HEALTH-IMPROVING SWIMMING TRAINING

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
V.N. Miroshnichenko ◽  
V.Yu. Bohuslavskaya ◽  
S.V. Salnykova ◽  
Yu.I. Dovhii
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Functional Fitness ◽  
Energy Supply System ◽  
Formative Experiment

The article presents the program of training sessions on health swimming and reveals its impact on the functional readiness of women 25-35 years. The purpose of the study was to develop and experimentally test the effectiveness of the health swimming program on the functional fitness of women aged 25-35. The study involved females aged 25 to 35 years. The total number is 45 people. Classes were held three times a week in an indoor swimming pool. As part of the observational experiment, studies were conducted to determine the level of functional fitness, body composition, body weight, body mass index, basal metabolism. To identify the features of the reaction of the body of women to physical activity provided by the experimental program, a formative experiment was conducted. As part of the formative experiment, the survey was conducted in two stages - 12 and 24 weeks after the start of classes on the program. The content of the main part, in which the main tasks of the lesson were solved, consisted of an aerobic and anaerobic block of exercises. In the aerobic block of the main part of the lesson, the subjects covered the distance at a comfortable pace using different styles: crawl swimming, backstroke, breaststroke. In the anaerobic block of the main part of the lesson, the women swam several segments of 25 m in different styles at a pace that increased heart rate to 160-170 beats per minute (anaerobic lactate energy supply). Classes in the health swimming program helped to reduce body weight and body mass index in women (25-35 years). Such classes contributed most to the growth of their functional capabilities of the aerobic energy supply system, as indicated by the probable increase in the absolute and relative indicators of the threshold of anaerobic metabolism and maximum oxygen consumption. In addition, the functionality of the anaerobic lactate energy supply system has increased.

CHARACTERISTICS OF BLOOD PARAMETERS OF YAKUT MEN WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES DEPENDING ON THE SOMATOTYPE

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Alekseeva V.A. ◽  
Zolotaryov N.A.
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Anthropometric Study

The aim of the work was to identify the features of biochemical blood parameters of Yakut men with type 2 diabetes depending on the Rees-Eizenk somatotype. We examined 40 men of yakut nationality with an established diagnosis of "type 2 diabetes", aged 38 to 69 years (average age 57,4 years). The anthropometric study included measurements of body length, body weight, body circumference (chest circumference, waist and buttock circumference), and body diameters (transverse diameter of the chest, anterior-posterior diameter of the chest). The body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Somatotyping was performed using the Rees-Eizenk index. The index value of the examined men was divided into pyknic, normosthenic and asthenic somatotype. Data from the biochemical blood test were copied from the patients ' medical history. All laboratory tests were conducted in the clinical and diagnostic laboratory of the Yakut city clinical hospital. Statistical processing of the obtained scientific material was carried out by the method of variation statistics using the SPSS application software package for Windows (version 17,0). The analysis was performed using parametric and nonparametric statistics. An anthropometric study of men with type 2 diabetes found that half of the subjects were obese according to their body mass index. A somatotypological study on the Rees-Eizenk index found a predominance of individuals with a pyknical somatotype. Asthenic somatotype was not detected in the examined group. More pronounced deviations of biochemical parameters of the pyknic men's blood from the standard parameters were found. The data obtained indicate a greater susceptibility to the development of type 2 diabetes in men with a pyknical somatotype.

Analysis of Central Hemodynamic Parameters in Medical Students during the Pre-Examination Study Period

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
VA Belyayeva
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Central Hemodynamic

Background: One of the main negative factors of the educational environment is the increased stress impact on the cardiovascular system of students preparing for examinations. The cumulative effect of a long-term, systematic exposure to stressors may be accompanied by impaired mental and somatic health of students. The extent of response to stress is individual; it is usually determined by cardiovascular health and a complex of psychophysiological characteristics of the body. Objective: To study the main parameters of central hemodynamics in medical students depending on the body mass index and adaptive potential in the pre-examination study period Materials and methods: In spring–summer 2019, 170 medical students (young men and women aged 20.4 ± 0.3 years) with different adaptive potential of the circulatory system were surveyed during a pre-exam study period to establish their anthropometric indicators, blood pressure and heart rate and to further estimate the body mass index and the main central hemodynamics parameters. Results: The average heart rate of students during the pre-exam study period was 85.4 ± 12.21 beats per minute. The level of metabolic and energy processes in the myocardium was characterized as moderate with a tendency to insufficient functional capacity of the cardiovascular system (CI = 90.4 ± 1.22). Significant differences were revealed in a number of parameters un-der study depending on gender, body mass index (F = 3.99; p = 0.00890) and the adaptive potential of the circulatory system (F = 23.08; p = 0.00000). Conclusions: In the pre-examination study period, both the heart rate and the Kerdo index among the students were elevated, which indicates the predominance of sympathetic autonomic stress. The students with tense adaptation mechanisms demonstrated higher values of certain hemodynamic parameters. The pulse pressure and the Robinson index were higher in overweight students compared to their peers with a normal body mass index. None of the students with class 1 obesity had a satisfactory level of adaptation of the circulatory system. The analysis of central hemodynamic parameters enables the assessment of tolerance of the cardiovascular system of students to the burden of learning.

Chronic exercise and its hemodynamic influences on resting blood pressure of hypertensive rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 2206-2210 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Tipton ◽  
L. A. Sebastian ◽  
J. M. Overton ◽  
C. R. Woodman ◽  
S. B. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Resting Blood Pressure

Studies with male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were initiated to determine the hemodynamic relationships associated with the lower resting caudal artery systolic blood pressure (SBP) of endurance-trained SHR populations. After assignment into nontrained (NT, n = 38) and trained (T, n = 38) groups, the T animals were exercised 5 times/wk on a motor-driven treadmill for 12–16 wk at a moderate intensity that ranged from 40 to 70% of their maximum O2 consumption capacity (VO2max). SBP, VO2max, and treadmill run time were determined before the experimental period began and before the animals were instrumented for hemodynamic measurements. At the end of the study, the T rats exhibited significantly lower SBP (NT = 210 +/- 3, T = 200 +/- 3 mmHg) and significantly higher VO2max (NT = 75 +/- 2, T = 83 +/- 2 ml.min-1.kg-1) and run durations (NT = 11.4 +/- 0.4, T = 14.5 +/- 0.3 min). When the animals were anesthetized for insertion of catheters and microprobes for blood pressure and cardiac output (thermodilution) measurements, the T rats had lower values for body mass, heart rate, mean blood pressure, cardiac output, and cardiac index than the NT rats; however, only the body mass and heart rate differences were statistically significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Influence of reduced food availability on growth of captive American kestrels

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 2084-2089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Lacombe ◽  
David M. Bird ◽  
Kathy A. Hibbard
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
Growth Constant ◽  
Asymptotic Size ◽  
American Kestrels ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Growth Constants

Captive American kestrels (Falco sparverius) were used to model the effect of low prey availability on growth and survivorship potential in nestling raptors. The experimental design consisted of 4 treatments: nestlings were fed ad libitum (100% diet) or on increasingly restricted diets (90, 80, and 70% of the ad libitum diet). Nestlings fed a reduced diet grew significantly more slowly than those fed the ad libitum diet, as shown by the body mass growth constant. The restricted diet had no significant effect on the asymptotic size of the kestrels, i.e., body mass and tarsus and antebrachium lengths. However, young kestrels fed reduced diets (80 and 70%) had a lower body mass at fledging than those fed ad libitum and the 90% diet, although they fledged at the same age. The growth of the ninth primary was slower for birds on restricted diets than for those fed ad libitum. Sexual dimorphism was observed for body mass and antebrachium growth constants, with males growing faster than females. However, females reached a higher asymptotic body mass and antebrachium length, as well as a higher body mass at fledging, than males. Thus, when prey availability is reduced by as much as 30%, nestling kestrels grow more slowly and store less fat, which could lead to poorer postfledging survivability.

Comparing Class-Based and Home-Based Exercise for Older Adults With Chronic Health Conditions: 12-Month Follow-Up of a Randomized Clinical Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-485
Author(s):  
Koren L. Fisher ◽  
Bruce A. Reeder ◽  
Elizabeth L. Harrison ◽  
Brenda G. Bruner ◽  
Nigel L. Ashworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Functional Fitness ◽  
Walk Test ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Fitness Test ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Maximum Improvement

Objective:To assess the maintenance of physical activity (PA) and health gains among participants in a class-based (CB) or home-based (HB) PA intervention over a 12-month study period.Methods:A total of 172 adults aged 50 years and older were randomly allocated to either a CB or an HB intervention, each involving an intensive 3-month phase with a 9-month follow-up period. Measures at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months included self-reported PA and health, body mass index, waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, cardiovascular endurance (6-min walk test), physical function, and functional fitness (senior fitness test). Outcomes were analyzed using generalized estimating equations.Results:Maximum improvement was typically observed at 3 or 6 months followed by a modest diminution, with no differences between groups. For body mass index, waist circumference, 6-min walk test, and senior fitness test, there was progressive improvement through the study period. Greater improvement was seen in the CB group compared with the HB group on three items on the senior fitness test (lower body strength and endurance [29% vs. 21%,p < .01], lower body flexibility [2.8 cm vs. 0.4 cm,p < .05], and dynamic agility [14% vs. 7%,p < .05]).Conclusion:The interventions were largely comparable; thus, availability, preferences, and cost may better guide program choice.

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