Creep of CdZnTe at high homologous temperatures

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 3864-3869 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Stevens ◽  
J. C. Moosbrugger ◽  
F. M. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Small Strain ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Dislocation Creep ◽  
Etch Pit Density ◽  
Self Diffusion ◽  
Etch Pit ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Different Sources

The creep behavior of single-crystal Zn-doped CdTe was examined in the small strain regime. Specimens from two different sources, with tensile axes [110] and [112], were deformed at 1073 and 1173 K. Strain rates were of order 10−6 to 10−7 s−1. A laser interferometer was constructed to measure the small sample displacement. Cadmium overpressure was used to inhibit sublimation of test specimens at elevated temperatures. Some tests showed a transition from secondary to tertiary creep at low levels of strain. An activation energy for steady-state creep was calculated as QC = 1.46 eV, and the creep exponent was found to be approximately n = 4.2. These results, coupled with reported activation energies for self-diffusion of Cd in Cd(Zn)Te, indicate a dislocation creep mechanism. Etch pit density was measured before and after deformation and approached a common level regardless of initial etch pit density.

Participant Reactions to Suicide-Focused Research

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 367-374
Author(s):  
Sarah P. Carter ◽  
Brooke A. Ammerman ◽  
Heather M. Gebhardt ◽  
Jonathan Buchholz ◽  
Mark A. Reger
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatient ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Inpatient Unit ◽  
Online Laboratory ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatient Unit ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Participant Reactions

Abstract. Background: Concerns exist regarding the perceived risks of conducting suicide-focused research among an acutely distressed population. Aims: The current study assessed changes in participant distress before and after participation in a suicide-focused research study conducted on a psychiatric inpatient unit. Method: Participants included 37 veterans who were receiving treatment on a psychiatric inpatient unit and completed a survey-based research study focused on suicide-related behaviors and experiences. Results: Participants reported no significant changes in self-reported distress. The majority of participants reported unchanged or decreased distress. Reviews of electronic medical records revealed no behavioral dysregulation and minimal use of as-needed medications or changes in mood following participation. Limitations: The study's small sample size and veteran population may limit generalizability. Conclusion: Findings add to research conducted across a variety of settings (i.e., outpatient, online, laboratory), indicating that participating in suicide-focused research is not significantly associated with increased distress or suicide risk.

scholarly journals FRI0612-HPR EFFECT OF THERMOFORMABLE ORTHOSES ON FOOT FUNCTION IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENTS: PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM AN OPEN CLINICAL TRIAL.

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 911.2-912
Author(s):  
I. Aachari ◽  
H. Rkain ◽  
F. Safaa ◽  
L. Benzakour ◽  
T. Latifa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Activity Limitation ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
Functional Impact ◽  
Pain Disability ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Foot Function ◽  
The Impact

Background:Orthoses and footwear can play an important role in managing foot pathology in patients whose systemic disease is controlled. Foot orthoses are frequently prescribed in clinical practice as an intervention for people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Objectives:The aim of our study is to evaluate the impact of thermoformable orthoses on the functional index of the foot (FFI) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Methods:We conducted an open clinical trial, having consecutively included 14 patients (85.7% female, average age 54.8 ± 10 years) suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (median progression time of 9 years [5 - 12]). The average DAS28 was 2.7 ± 1.2 and the functional impact objectified by the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) was on average 0.9 ± 0.7.The median deadline from the start of RA and the onset of the foot problem was 3 years [0 – 7,75]. The foot problem was bilateral in 100% of the cases and inaugural in 85.7% of the cases.We evaluated the functional impact of foot injury for all our patients at baseline and 8 weeks after the use of thermoformable orthoses, based on the FFI (Foot function Index) measuring the impact of foot pathology on function in terms of pain, disability and activity limitation.The comparison of the FFI domains before and after the use of orthoses was carried out using parametric or nonparametric paired tests using The SPSS statistical software.Results:With the use of foot orthoses, FFI values decreased in all subscales (p=0,024) (pain, disability and activity limitation). This reduction was significant for disability (0,011) but not for pain and activity limitation.There were no significant correlations between the global FFI and the progression of RA, the duration of foot damage and the functional impact measured by the HAQ.Table 1. The comparison of the FFI domains before and after the use of orthoses.psignificatif if< 0,05; Test used: Non-parametric test for two linked samples.Conclusion:Foot orthoses were effective as an adjuvant in the management of rheumatoid foot. They significantly reduced disability as measured by the FFI. The absence of factors associated with pain and limitation of activity could possibly be related to the small sample size.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Temporal dynamics of encrusting communities during the Late Devonian: a case study from the Central Devonian Field, Russia

Paleobiology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 550-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Zatoń ◽  
Tomasz Borszcz ◽  
Michał Rakociński
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Faunal Turnover ◽  
Central Devonian Field ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Substrate Size ◽  
Mass Extinction Event ◽  
Diversity Dynamics

AbstractIn this study we focused on the dynamics of encrusting assemblages preserved on brachiopod hosts collected from upper Frasnian and lower Famennian deposits of the Central Devonian Field, Russia. Because the encrusted brachiopods come from deposits bracketing the Frasnian/Famennian (F/F) boundary, the results also shed some light on ecological differences in encrusting communities before and after the Frasnian–Famennian (F-F) event. To explore the diversity dynamics of encrusting assemblages, we analyzed more than 1300 brachiopod valves (substrates) from two localities. Taxon accumulation plots and shareholder quorum subsampling (SQS) routines indicated that a reasonably small sample of brachiopod host valves (n=50) is sufficient to capture the majority of the encrusting genera recorded at a given site. The richness of encrusters per substrate declined simultaneously with the number of encrusting taxa in the lower Famennian, accompanied by a decrease in epibiont abundance, with a comparable decrease in mean encrustation intensity (percentage of bioclasts encrusted by one or more epibionts). Epibiont abundance and occupancy roughly mirror each other. Strikingly, few ecological characteristics are correlated with substrate size, possibly reflecting random settlement of larvae. Evenness, which is negatively correlated with substrate size, shows greater within-stage variability among samples than between Frasnian and Famennian intervals and may indicate the instability of early Famennian biocenoses following the faunal turnover. The occurrence distribution of encrusters points to nonrandom associations and exclusions among several encrusting taxa. However, abundance and occupancy of microconchids remained relatively stable throughout the sampled time interval. The notable decline in abundance (~60%) and relatively minor decline in diversity (~30%) suggest jointly that encrusting communities experienced ecological collapse rather than a major mass extinction event. The differences between the upper Frasnian and lower Famennian encrusting assemblages may thus record a turnover associated with the F-F event.

scholarly journals AB0571 IS RITUXIMAB AN ADEQUATE GLUCOCORTICOID SPARING AGENT IN IDIOPATHIC INFLAMMATORY MYOPATHIES?

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1582.1-1582
Author(s):  
B. H. Egeli ◽  
S. Ergun ◽  
Y. K. Gursoy ◽  
A. Cetin ◽  
S. Ugurlu
Keyword(s):  
Disease Activity ◽  
Alternative Treatment ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies ◽  
Inflammatory Myopathies ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Before And After

Background:Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are essentially treated aiming improvement of muscle function and extra muscular disease manifestations. The backbone of the treatment is corticosteroids enhancing the survival and patient quality of life. The lack of consensus on target-specific immunosuppressive treatment highlights the need for further studies evaluating alternative treatment methods. Rituximab is potentially a glucocorticoid-sparing agent which was reviewed in multiple studies with small sample sizes due to the rarity of the disease.Objectives:Higher statistical power can enhance the trustworthiness of alternative treatment methods yielding the main objective of this study.Methods:This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary rheumatology center. Patients were diagnosed with an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (dermatomyositis [DM], polymyositis [PM]) and were treated with rituximab in order to be included in this study. Clinical signs and symptoms of the presentation were noted during the first patient encounter as well as the follow-up. Parameters of disease activity including acute phase reactants, muscle enzyme levels, and disease-specific autoantibodies were analyzed.Results:The study includes 28 patients (20 DM, 8 PM). The age of diagnosis was 43.44 ± 15.77 years, follow-up duration was 60.7 ± 70.7 months. The presenting signs and symptoms of the patients are shown in Figure 1. The parameters of disease activity before and after treatment are summarized in Table 1. The mean corticosteroid dose decreased from 31.429 ±23.934 mg to 10.278 ±12.001 (p=0.001). Other treatment methods were methotrexate (n=18), Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) (n=7), and cyclophosphamide (n=2). There were not any deaths during the follow-up. Two patients were lost to follow-up.Table 1.The Parameters of Disease Activity Before and After TreatmentBefore TreatmentAfter TreatmentP ValueCPK, mean ± std (U/L)1426 ± 2049.92263.44 ± 265.630.004LDH, mean ± std (U/L)557.5 ± 365379.78 ± 192.10.03AST, mean ± std (U/L)62.52 ± 5930.16 ± 27.590.01ALT, mean ± std (U/L)56.48 ± 49.2127.64 ± 24.520.008ESR, mean ± std (mm/hour)26.38 ± 28.9820.39 ± 18.760.36CRP, mean ± std (mg/L)19.23 ± 46.1512.53 ± 26.670.5RF, mean ± std (U/mL)0 (0)N/AN/AANA, n (%)3 (10.71)N/AN/AFigure 1.The Presenting Signs and Symptoms of the PatientsConclusion:Rituximab is shown to be effective in treating myositis along with corticosteroids as well as a corticosteroid-sparing agent in retrospective studies and open-label clinical trials; however, lack of statistical power should be underlined. Long term decrease in steroid use and decrease in disease activity markers hints the effective use of rituximab as a glucocorticoid sparing agent as well as its safety with minimal side effects.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

When do job insecure employees adapt to change?

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristi N. Lavigne ◽  
Victoria L. Whitaker ◽  
Dustin K. Jundt ◽  
Mindy K. Shoss
Keyword(s):  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Adaptive Performance ◽  
Work Behaviors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Work Tasks ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between job insecurity and adaptive performance (AP), contingent on changes to core work tasks, which we position as a situational cue to employees regarding important work behaviors. Design/methodology/approach Employees and their supervisors were invited to participate in the study. Supervisors were asked to provide ratings of employees’ AP and changes to core tasks; employees reported on job insecurity. Findings As predicted, changes to core tasks moderated the relationship between job insecurity and AP. Job insecurity was negatively related to AP for those experiencing low levels of change, but was not related to AP for those experiencing high levels of change. Counter to expectations, no main effect of job insecurity was found. Research limitations/implications This study employed a fairly small sample of workers from two organizations, which could limit generalizability. Practical implications The study identifies changes to core tasks as a boundary condition for the job insecurity–AP relationship. Findings suggest that organizations may not observe deleterious consequences of job insecurity on AP when changes to core tasks are high. Originality/value Few researchers have examined boundary conditions of the impact of job insecurity on AP. Furthermore, inconsistent findings regarding the link between job insecurity and AP have emerged. This study fills the gap and expands upon previous research by examining changes to core tasks as a condition under which job insecurity does not pose an issue for AP.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Manufactured by SLM

2015 ◽  
Vol 651-653 ◽  
pp. 677-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Popovich ◽  
Vadim Sufiiarov ◽  
Evgenii Borisov ◽  
Igor Polozov
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Phase Composition ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Ductile Fracture ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Initial Material ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Before And After

The article presents results of a study of phase composition and microstructure of initial material and samples obtained by selective laser melting of titanium-based alloy, as well as samples after heat treatment. The effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of specimens was shown. It was studied mechanical behavior of manufactured specimens before and after heat treatment at room and elevated temperatures as well. The heat treatment allows obtaining sufficient mechanical properties of material at room and elevated temperatures such as increase in ductility of material. The fractography of samples showed that they feature ductile fracture with brittle elements.

Oxidation of Alloy-X in Subcritical, Transition, and Supercritical Water

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/3881 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Karmiol ◽  
Dev Chidambaram
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Water ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Subcritical Water ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nickel Based Superalloy ◽  
Before And After

This work investigates the oxidation of a nickel based superalloy, namely Alloy X, in water at elevated temperatures: subcritical water at 261°C and 27 MPa, the transition between subcritical and supercritical water at 374°C and 27 MPa, and supercritical water at 380°C and 27 MPa for 100 hours. The morphology of the sample surfaces were studied using scanning electron microscopy coupled with focused ion beam milling, and the surface chemistry was investigated using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy before and after exposure studies. Surfaces of all samples were identified to comprise of a ferrite spinel containing aluminum.

Early Palliative Care Consultation in the Burn Unit: A Quality Improvement Initiative to Increase Utilization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Carmichael ◽  
Hareklia Brackett ◽  
Maurice C Scott ◽  
Margaret M Dines ◽  
Sarah E Mather ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Quality Improvement Initiative ◽  
Comfort Care ◽  
Early Palliative Care ◽  
Palliative Care Consultation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Care Consultation ◽  
Patient Values ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Despite significant morbidity and mortality for major burns, palliative care consultation (PCC) is underutilized in this population. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of a protocol using recommended “triggers” for PCC at a single academic burn center. This is a retrospective review of patient deaths over a four-year period. Use of life-sustaining treatments, comfort care (de-escalation of one or more life-sustaining treatments) and do not attempt resuscitation (DNAR) orders were determined. Use of PCC was compared during periods before and after a protocol establishing recommended triggers for early (&lt;72 hrs of admission) PCC was instituted in 2019. A total of 33 patient deaths were reviewed. Most patients were male (n=28, 85%) and median age was 62 years [IQR 42-72]. Median revised Baux score was 112 [IQR 81-133]. Many patients had life-sustaining interventions such as intubation, dialysis, or cardiopulmonary resuscitation, often prior to admission. Amongst patients who survived &gt;24 hrs, 67% (n=14/21) had PCC. Frequency of PCC increased after protocol development, with 100% vs. 36% of these patients having PCC before death (p=0.004). However, even during the later period, less than half of patients had early PCC despite meeting criteria at admission. In conclusion, initiation of life-sustaining measures in severely injured burn patients occurs prior to or early during hospitalization. Thus, value-based early goals of care discussions are valuable to prevent interventions that do not align with patient values and assist with de-escalation of life-sustaining treatment. In this small sample, we found that while there was increasing use of PCC overall after developing a protocol of recommended triggers for consultation, many patients who met criteria at admission did not receive early PCC. Further research is needed to elucidate reasons why providers may be resistant to PCC.

Implementation of a Standardized Perioperative Pain Management Protocol to Reduce Opioid Prescriptions in Otolaryngologic Surgery

2022 ◽  
pp. 019459982110711
Author(s):  
Michael T. Chang ◽  
M. Lauren Lalakea ◽  
Kimberly Shepard ◽  
Micah Saste ◽  
Amanda Munoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Protocol Implementation ◽  
Perioperative Pain ◽  
Management Protocol ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Perioperative Pain Management ◽  
Low Levels

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of implementing a standardized multimodal perioperative pain management protocol in reducing opioid prescriptions following otolaryngologic surgery. Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting County hospital otolaryngology practice. Methods A perioperative pain management protocol was implemented in adults undergoing otolaryngologic surgery. This protocol included preoperative patient education and a postoperative multimodal pain regimen stratified by pain level: mild, intermediate, and high. Opioid prescriptions were compared between patient cohorts before and after protocol implementation. Patients in the pain protocol were surveyed regarding pain levels and opioid use. Results We analyzed 210 patients (105 preprotocol and 105 postprotocol). Mean ± SD morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) prescribed decreased from 132.5 ± 117.8 to 53.6 ± 63.9 ( P < .05) following protocol implementation. Mean MMEs prescribed significantly decreased ( P < .05) for each procedure pain tier: mild (107.4 to 40.5), intermediate (112.8 to 48.1), and high (240.4 to 105.0). Mean MMEs prescribed significantly decreased ( P < .05) for each procedure type: endocrine (105.6 to 44.4), facial plastics (225.0 to 50.0), general (160.9 to 105.7), head and neck oncology (138.6 to 77.1), laryngology (53.8 to 12.5), otology (77.5 to 42.9), rhinology (142.2 to 44.4), and trauma (288.0 to 24.5). Protocol patients reported a mean 1-week postoperative pain score of 3.4, used opioids for a mean 3.1 days, and used only 39% of their prescribed opioids. Conclusion Preoperative counseling and standardization of a multimodal perioperative pain regimen for otolaryngology procedures can effectively lower amount of opioid prescriptions while maintaining low levels of postoperative pain.

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