An energy-based method to extract plastic properties of metal materials from conical indentation tests

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1194-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Ping Cao ◽  
Xiu Qing Qian ◽  
Jian Lu ◽  
Zhen Han Yao
Keyword(s):  
Stable Solution ◽  
Strain Hardening Exponent ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Plastic Properties ◽  
Representative Strain ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Indentation Tests ◽  
Elastoplastic Materials ◽  
Conical Indentation

Based on dimensional analysis and finite element computations, an energy-based representative strain for conical indentation in elastoplastic materials has been proposed to establish an explicitly one-to-one relationship between the representative stress σr, the indentation loading curvature C, and the ratio of reversible work We to total work Wt performed by the indenter, i.e., σr/C = F0(We/Wt), where σr is the flow stress corresponding to the representative strain. The relationship provides a very simple method to evaluate the representative stress σr from the three directly measurable quantities We, Wt, and C. Numerical examples and further theoretical analysis reveal that a unique, stable solution can be obtained from the present method for a wide range of material properties, including both highly plastic materials (e.g., Ni for which E/σy = 1070) and highly elastic materials (e.g., materials for which E/σy = 25 and n = 0.5), using indenters with different tip apex angles. Based on the representative strains and stresses given by two indenters with different tip apex angles, e.g., (σr,80, ϵr,80) and (σr,65, ϵr,65), the plastic properties of materials, i.e., the yield strength σy and strain hardening exponent n can be further determined.

scholarly journals THE ABILITY TO CLINCHING AS A FUNCTION OF MATERIAL HARDENING BEHAVIOR

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Balawender
Keyword(s):  
Strain Hardening ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Strain Hardening Exponent ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Metallic Materials ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Plastic Properties ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Mechanical Clinching ◽  
Induced Defects

<p><span lang="EN-GB">Mechanical clinching can be used to joining different metallic materials. The only restriction are their plastic properties. However some plastic materials, with good ductility, do not conform strong clinch joint, e.g. materials, featured by high strain hardening phenomena are difficult to clinching and do not create durable clinch joint. In case of others materials with limited ductility clinch forming generates the process-induced defects such as cracks. So, there are material’s features which are very important for the clinch forming process and among them the strain hardening properties seem to be in special importance.</span></p><p><span lang="EN-GB"><span>                </span>The clinch joints of different materials with diversified plastic and strength properties<span>  </span>were tested. A single overlap clinch joints with one clinch bulge were realized in the tests. The joints were tested in the pull test. The obtained results showed the relation of the clinch joinability to the materials’ strain hardening exponent. The good quality and good strength joints, were obtained for materials with low value of strain hardening<span>  </span>exponent below n = 0,22.</span></p>

scholarly journals The influence of pavement degradation caused by cyclic loading on its failure mechanisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Gajewski ◽  
Stanisław Jemioło
Keyword(s):  
Yield Condition ◽  
Limit Load ◽  
Flow Rule ◽  
Smooth Approximation ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Plastic Properties ◽  
The Road ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
Elastic Plastic Materials

In this paper, a simple method is proposed to estimate capacity of multilayered road structure including the degradation of the elastic and plastic properties of the constituent materials. In the study boundary value problem modeling interaction of wheels with road surface layer in the frame of large deformation theory for elastic-plastic materials was formulated. Plastic properties of the material were described by the flow rule un-associated with yield condition. The Coulomb-Mohr yield condition was assumed and the potential for plasticity is its smooth approximation. In addition, in constitutive modeling the dependence of the Young’s modulus and cohesion of the material from the number of cycles is taken into account. This paper presents qualitative findings in relation to mechanical behavior of the road structure, i.e., for example, the development of plastic zones with increasing load for un-degraded and degraded materials. In addition, a parametric study of the influence of the degradation ratio of the elasticity and plasticity properties for road structure failure mechanism (limit load value) was made.

scholarly journals Numerical verification for instrumented spherical indentation techniques in determining the plastic properties of materials

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 3653-3663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taihua Zhang ◽  
Peng Jiang ◽  
Yihui Feng ◽  
Rong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
Spherical Indentation ◽  
Numerical Verification ◽  
Instrumented Indentation ◽  
Plastic Properties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Validity Range ◽  
Indentation Tests ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Indentation Methods

Instrumented indentation tests have been widely adopted for elastic modulus determination. Recently, a number of indentation-based methods for plastic properties characterization have been proposed, and rigorous verification is absolutely necessary for their wide application. In view of the advantages of spherical indentation compared with conical indentation in determining plastic properties, this study mainly concerns verification of spherical indentation methods. Five convenient and simple models were selected for this purpose, and numerical experiments for a wide range of materials are carried out to identify their accuracy and sensitivity characteristics. The verification results show that four of these five methods can give relatively accurate and stable results within a certain material domain, which is defined as their validity range and has been summarized for each method.

Assessment of Elastic–Plastic and Electrical Properties of Printed Silver-Based Interconnects for Flexible Electronics

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsien-Chie Cheng ◽  
Ruei-You Hong ◽  
Wen-Hwa Chen
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Dimensional Analysis ◽  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Plastic Material ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Plastic Properties ◽  
Solvent Content ◽  
Representative Strain ◽  
Elastic Plastic ◽  
Wide Range

In this work, the elastic–plastic properties of the printed interconnects on a glass substrate with Ag-filled polymer-conductor ink are evaluated through a theoretical framework based on finite element (FE) modeling of instrumented sharp indentation, experimental indentation, the concept of the representative strain, and dimensional analysis. Besides, the influences of the ink-solvent content and temperature on the elastic–plastic and electrical properties of the printed Ag-based interconnects are also addressed. First of all, parametric FE indentation analyses are carried out over a wide range of elastic–plastic material parameters. These parametric results together with the concept of the representative strain are used via dimensional analysis to constitute a number of dimensionless functions, and further the forward/reverse algorithms. The forward algorithm is used for describing the indentation load–depth relationship and the reverse for predicting the elastic–plastic parameters of the printed Ag-based interconnects. The proposed algorithms are validated through the correct predictions of the plastic properties of three known metals. At last, their surface morphology, microstructure, and elemental composition are experimentally characterized. Results show that the elastic–plastic properties and electrical sheet resistance of the printed Ag-based interconnects increase with the ink-solvent content, mainly due to the increase of carbon element as a result of the increased ink-solvent residue, whereas their elastic–plastic properties and electrical performance decreases with the temperature.

scholarly journals Erratum: “Representative strain of indentation analysis” [J. Mater. Res. 20, 2225 (2005)] and “Limit analysis-based approach to determine the material plastic properties with conical indentation” [J. Mater. Res. 21, 947 (2006)]

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 2699-2700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagahisa Ogasawara ◽  
Norimasa Chiba ◽  
Xi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Limit Analysis ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Typographical Error ◽  
Plastic Properties ◽  
Representative Strain ◽  
Correct Figure ◽  
Schematic Drawing ◽  
Indentation Analysis ◽  
Published Research ◽  
Conical Indentation

We like to take this opportunity to rectify an error in the schematic drawing in two of our recently published research articles. A typographical error of a number appeared in Fig. 5 of J. Mater. Res. 20, 2225 (2005), p. 2229 and in Fig. 2 of J. Mater. Res. 21, 947 (2006), p. 948: these two figures are the same schematic drawing. In both figures, the number “1” on the slopes should be changed to “2.” The correct figure is given as Fig. 1 in this erratum.

Analysis of Rolling Process for Alloy on the Base of Silver BAg7

2010 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 221-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylwia Wiewiórowska ◽  
Zbigniew Muskalski ◽  
Maciej Suliga
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Rolling Process ◽  
Metallographic Analysis ◽  
Plastic Properties ◽  
Typical Application ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
American Standard ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
Soldered Joint

The variety of industrial use of brazing solders is associated in one way with plastic properties (more plastic materials are producing in the form of wires, sheets, bands, metal leafs, meshes etc, low plastic materials in the form: pig sows, bars, powders) and in another way with the kind of joining and use soldering or brazing method. Hard solders, which include analyzed solder BAg7, have a very wide range of melting points (from 400 to 2000°C) and are applied in those cases when very high values of strength are required for soldered joint. The research was carried out for the silver-based solder designated as Bag7 according to American Standard ANSI/AWSA 5.8-92. This solder has a typical application for the brazing process of food handling equipment requiring low melting values and for brazing aluminium alloys. In the literature, except for chemical composition and temperature of brazing, we cannot find the details concerned with the method of plastic working of BAg7. In the reported research work the metallographic analysis of rolling process was performed and optimal parameters of rolling process for the considered solder were determined.

scholarly journals A Simple Method for Measuring Plastic Properties of Power Hardening Metals via the Indentation Curve with a Large Depth

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ying Kan ◽  
Yiwen Wu ◽  
Liping Ren ◽  
Huaining Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Indentation Depth ◽  
Spherical Indentation ◽  
Strain Hardening Exponent ◽  
Finite Element Analyses ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Plastic Properties ◽  
Indentation Curve ◽  
Depth Curves

The spherical indentation technique provides an easy way to evaluate the integrity of in-service structures because it is nondestructive. In this study, a simple method was proposed to measure mechanical properties such as the yield strength, the ultimate tensile strength, and the strain hardening exponent from the indentation curve at a large indentation depth, which is 0.4 times of the indenter radius. Based on finite element analyses, a simple function was proposed to relate representative stress to indentation data. Besides, representative strains at different indentation depths were identified according to the load-depth curves from simulations. The calculated plastic properties from the developed method were compared well with experimental results.

Further investigation on the definition of the representative strain in conical indentation

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 1810-1821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanping Cao ◽  
Norbert Huber
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Representative Strain ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Acta Mater ◽  
Engineering Materials ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
Highly Elastic Materials ◽  
Conical Indentation

Further investigation on the definition of the representative strain in conical indentation was performed in this work. In particular, the representative strains proposed in the work of Cao et al. [J. Mater. Res.20, 1194 (2005)] and Ogasawara et al. [J. Mater. Res.20, 2225 (2005)] were discussed in detail. For the method using the energy-based representative strain [Cao et al., J. Mater. Res.20, 1194 (2005)], it is shown that it can be extended to a wider range of material properties (from nearly fully plastic materials to highly elastic materials). For the stress-state-based definition of the representative strain, we found, in contrast with the results reported in the work of Ogasawara et al. [J. Mater. Res.20, 2225 (2005)], that similar to the constant representative strain reported by Dao et al. [Acta Mater.49, 3899 (2001)], it works well only for a limited range of engineering materials. Based on this premise, novel definitions of the representative strain, which can lead to a one-to-one relationship with high level of accuracy between the reduced Young's modulus, the indentation loading curvature, and the representative stress are further presented. Detailed numerical analysis performed on nine kinds of engineering materials verified the effectiveness of the proposed representative strains and corresponding dimensionless functions. Experimental verification using the data for the ultrafine crystalline Ni further showed that the results reported in this paper have the potential to be applied in practice.

Comments on “Further investigation on the definition of the representative strain in conical indentation” by Y. Cao and N. Huber [J. Mater. Res. 21, 1810 (2006)]: A systematic study on applying the representative strains to extract plastic properties through one conical indentation test

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 858-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagahisa Ogasawara ◽  
Norimasa Chiba ◽  
Manhong Zhao ◽  
Xi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Study ◽  
Indentation Test ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Small Perturbations ◽  
Plastic Properties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Parameter Dependent ◽  
Conical Indentation

Cao and Huber [J. Mater. Res., 21, 1810 (2006)] proposed parameter-dependent representative strains, which have the potential to measure plastic properties from one conical indentation test. However, the potential performance of such a technique was not systematically analyzed. In this commentary, through a comprehensive numerical investigation, it is found that the two basic variables in Cao and Huber’s formulation are not completely independent, and it is difficult to obtain the two independent (sufficiently separated) representative stress–strain points needed for determining the plastic properties. Consequently, systematic errors (which could well exceed 100%) are generated for a wide range of materials, and the results are quite sensitive to small perturbations. As a complementary and critical examination of the original article, this commentary suggests that it is unreliable to use the representative strains proposed by Cao and Huber [J. Mater. Res., 21, 1810 (2006)] to measure the material plastic properties from one indentation.

Determining Elastic-Plastic Properties of Al6061-T6 from Micro-Indentation Technique

2013 ◽  
Vol 592-593 ◽  
pp. 610-613
Author(s):  
Sina Amiri ◽  
Nora Lecis ◽  
Andrea Manes ◽  
Davide Mombelli ◽  
Marco Giglio
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Optimization Procedure ◽  
Test System ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Plastic Properties ◽  
Representative Strain ◽  
Elastic Plastic ◽  
Dimensionless Analysis ◽  
Micro Indentation

Different approaches have been proposed in order to determine the material behavior of ductile materials. Since, the mechanical properties of a mechanical component are modified during manufacturing process due to plastic deformation, heat treatment and etc, a non-destructive indentation experimental procedure addressed to predict the elastic-plastic properties of material after manufacturing process is of interest. This is especially true for small size components where it is complex to extract specimens to test on standard test system. Based on dimensionless analysis and the concept of a representative strain, different approaches have been proposed to determine the material properties of power law materials by using indentation process. In this work, the Johnson-Cook (JC) constitutive model of the aluminum alloy Al6061-T6 is characterized by means of a well-defined optimization procedure based on micro-indentation testing and high fidelity finite element models and an optimization procedure but without the concept of dimensionless analysis and a representative strain. This methodology allows determining a set of JC constants for Al6061-T6. The obtained results have good agreement with parameters calibrated by means of universal standard tests and reverse engineering approach.

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