NDT-Techniques for Monitoring Material Degradation

1988 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Höller ◽  
Gerd Dobmann
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Erosion Wear ◽  
Material Degradation ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Economic Operation ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Service Exposure ◽  
Exposure Conditions

AbstractThe early detection of material degradation by NDT is of basic importance for safe and economic operation of many industrial components. Depending on the type of component as well as on service exposure conditions, NDT-techniques, which are sensitive to deformation, erosion, wear, porosity, microcracks and so on, are required. At present, only very few techniques are available for monitoring early stages of degradation. An overview of NDT-techniques already in use as well as under development in Germany for this problem is given. Special emphasis will be laid on the presentation of recent advances towards better detectability and objectivity.

The Evaluation of Material Degradation in Modified 9Cr-1Mo Steel by Electrochemical and Magnetic Property Analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 321-323 ◽  
pp. 486-491
Author(s):  
Yang Ki Hyun ◽  
Soon Ho Won ◽  
Jae Ho Jang ◽  
In Bae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Vibrating Sample Magnetometer ◽  
Material Degradation ◽  
Creep Tests ◽  
Laves Phases ◽  
M23c6 Type ◽  
Service Exposure ◽  
Evolution Of Microstructure ◽  
Heat Resistant Steels

Evolution of microstructure due to service exposure to high temperature has a strong effect performance of heat resistant steels. In case of modified 9Cr-1Mo steels, precipitation of Fe2Mo-type laves phases and coarsening of M23C6-type carbides are the primary cause of degradation of mechanical properties such as creep resistance, tensile strength and toughness. Therefore creep tests have been carried out on modified 9Cr-1Mo steels to examine the effect of aging and stress on the creep strength. Additionally vibrating sample magnetometer is used to measure hysteresis loop.

scholarly journals Role of EEG as Biomarker in the Early Detection and Classification of Dementia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Kamal Al-Qazzaz ◽  
Sawal Hamid Bin MD. Ali ◽  
Siti Anom Ahmad ◽  
Kalaivani Chellappan ◽  
Md. Shabiul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Treatment Benefit ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Clinical Support

The early detection and classification of dementia are important clinical support tasks for medical practitioners in customizing patient treatment programs to better manage the development and progression of these diseases. Efforts are being made to diagnose these neurodegenerative disorders in the early stages. Indeed, early diagnosis helps patients to obtain the maximum treatment benefit before significant mental decline occurs. The use of electroencephalogram as a tool for the detection of changes in brain activities and clinical diagnosis is becoming increasingly popular for its capabilities in quantifying changes in brain degeneration in dementia. This paper reviews the role of electroencephalogram as a biomarker based on signal processing to detect dementia in early stages and classify its severity. The review starts with a discussion of dementia types and cognitive spectrum followed by the presentation of the effective preprocessing denoising to eliminate possible artifacts. It continues with a description of feature extraction by using linear and nonlinear techniques, and it ends with a brief explanation of vast variety of separation techniques to classify EEG signals. This paper also provides an idea from the most popular studies that may help in diagnosing dementia in early stages and classifying through electroencephalogram signal processing and analysis.

scholarly journals DIAGNOSTIC METHODS OF CANINE TRANSMISSIBLE VENEREAL SARCOMA

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Iryna Pashkevych ◽  
Volodymyr Stybel ◽  
Natalia Soroka
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Alveolar Type ◽  
Diagnostic Efficiency ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Oncological Diseases

Modern diagnostic of oncological diseases, along with classical clinical and morphological methods, provides for the mandatory use of instrumental immunological, immunocytochemical and molecular genetic research methods. The main tasks of such a complex of diagnostic measures are aimed at monitoring oncological diseases at all stages of the diagnostic and treatment process, namely: the detection of a tumor at early stages of its development and the study of changes in metabolic processes in the body under the influence of neoplasms, morphological confirmation of the diagnosis, identification of histostructure and histogenesis of the tumor, determination the degree of its malignancy, detection of metastatic lesion (regional and distant lymph nodes and other organs) or assessment of the risk of its occurrence. It is well know that the early stages of oncological diseases are difficult to diagnose. At the same time, early detection of the disease can save or significantly extend the life of the patient. In such cases, the determination in the blood of specific substances, which are produced by tumors of the respective organs, the so-called oncomarkers, has been successfully used by world medical practice for more than 40 years to establish the affected organ. In combination with instrumental methods (ultrasound, endoscopy, X-ray), diagnostic efficiency is sharply increasing. Successful treatment of malignant tumors is possible under the conditions of their early detection and thorough histological diagnosis. Almost 50 % of the total number of oncologically diseased dogs has tumorous processes in the tissues of their genital organs, aggressiveness and metastasis, which often leads to lethal consequences, even after radical interventions. The aim of our research was to study the histological, cytological and immunohistochemical characteristics of transmissible venereal sarcoma. It has be en established that histologically, the tumor belongs to the low-differentiated round-cellular sarcoma of the alveolar type. Typical is tumor infiltration by lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages. Tumor cells are characterized by the presence of a mesenchymal marker vimentine. A positive local reaction on myogenin, cytokeratin and negative on CD31, CD34, S-100 protein and desmin was observed.

scholarly journals Microbial Dysbiosis and polyamine metabolism as predictive markers for early detection of pancreatic cancer

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Mendez ◽  
Kousik Kesh ◽  
Nivedita Arora ◽  
Leá Di Martino ◽  
Florencia McAllister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Metabolic Reconstruction ◽  
Microbiome Analysis ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Kpc Mice

AbstractPurposeThe lack of tools for early detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is directly correlated to the abysmal survival rate in patients. In addition to several potential detection tools under active investigation, we tested the gut microbiome and its metabolic complement as one of the earliest detection tools that could be useful in patients at high-risk for PDAC.Experimental DesignA combination of 16s pyrosequencing and whole-genome sequencing of gut microbiota was used in a spontaneous genetically engineered PDAC murine model (KRASG12DTP53R172HPdxCre or KPC). Metabolic reconstruction of microbiome was done using the HUmanN2 pipeline. Serum polyamine levels were measured from murine and patient samples using standard methods.ResultsResults showed a progressive Proteobacterial and Firmicutes dominance in gut microbiota in early stages of PDAC development. Upon in silico reconstruction of active metabolic pathways within the altered microbial flora, polyamine and nucleotide biosynthetic pathways were significantly elevated. These metabolic products are known to be actively assimilated by the host and eventually utilized by rapidly dividing cells for proliferation validating their importance in the context of tumorigenesis. In KPC mice, as well as PDAC patients, we show significantly elevated serum polyamine concentration. Therefore, at the early stages of tumorigenesis, the gut microbial composition changes in a way to release metabolites that foster host tumorigenesis, thereby fulfilling the ‘vicious cycle hypothesis’ of the role of the microbiome in health and disease states.ConclusionsOur results provide a potential, precise, non-invasive tool for early detection of PDAC, which will result in improved outcomes.SynopsisGut microbiota changes during early stages of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progression and contributes towards host polyamine pool. Both changes can be used as an early predictive marker for PDAC.Translational RelevancePancreatic carcinogenesis progresses through pre-cancerous PanIN lesions to invasive cancer. Even though these morphological changes are histologically distinct, imaging techniques are not able to distinguish the pre-invasive PanINs from normal pancreas, making detection of a tumor at a precancerous stage impossible. Thus, majority of cases (85–90%) present with advanced pancreatic cancer at the time of diagnosis. This contributes to the dismal survival rate in this disease. Our study of gut microbiome analysis on KPC mice during tumor progression followed by metabolic reconstruction and experimental validation in human samples indicate that gut-microbiome analysis along with an analysis of the microbial metabolites can be developed as potential biomarkers for detection of PDAC at early stages when histological changes are not yet grossly apparent.

GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN TENTANG SADARI PADA SISWI SMA DI KABUPATEN MUSI BANYUASIN TAHUN 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chica Kusmawati Chica Kusmawati
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Breast Self Examination ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Self Examination ◽  
Girl Students

ABSTRAC BSE is Breast Self-Examination conducted as early detection breast cancer its very easy to do every woman to seek lumps suspected or other abnormality, conducted in woman 7-10 day after menstruation. Early detection can press death rate as big as 25-30%. Proven 95% woman undiagnosed in the early stages breast cancer can survive life more than 5 year after undiagnosed. The purpose this research is to knowing description knowledge about BSE girl students of SMA in regency Musi Banyuasin on 2016. Several factors that influence BSE are knowledge, education, attitude, advice from healt workers, the median, peers and approach. This research used andescriptive survey. The population of this research was all the grade XII in 8 SMA regency Musi Banyuasin on 2016 with 613 respondents. This research was conducted on March 2016. The sample of this research was girl students the grade XII in 8 SMA regency Musi Banyuasin on 2016 with 185 respondents. The sample of this research was taken by using non random with Accidental Sampling technique. The results of this univariate analysis research showed respondents its good knowledge as much as 45 respondents (24,3%) and respondents its not good knowledge as much as 140 respondents (75,7%). The suggestions for 8 SMA in regency Musi Banyuasin expected results of this research can be used as information and inspiration in promote the development of Breast Self-Examination (BSE).     ABSTRAK SADARI adalah pemeriksaan yang dilakukan sebagai deteksi dini kanker payudara yang sangat mudah dilakukan oleh setiap wanita untuk mencari benjolan yang dicurigai atau kelainan lainnya, dilakukan pada wanita 7-10 hari sesudah menstruasi. Deteksi dini dapat menekan angka kematian sebesar 25-30%. Terbukti 95% wanita yang terdiagnosis pada tahap awal kanker payudara dapat bertahan hidup lebih dari 5 tahun setelah terdiagnosis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan tentang SADARI pada siswi SMA di Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin tahun 2016. Beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi SADARI yaitu pengetahuan, pendidikan, sikap, saran dari petugas kesehatan, media massa, teman sebaya dan lingkungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey deskriptif. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah semua kelas XII di 8 SMA Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin tahun 2016 berjumlah 613 responden. Penelitian ini dilakukan di bulan Maret 2016. Sampel yang digunakan yaitu siswi kelas XII di 8 SMA Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin tahun 2016 yaitu 185 responden. Sampel penelitian diambil secara non random dengan teknik Accidental Sampling. Hasil penelitian analisis univariat ini menunjukkan responden yang pengetahuan baik sebanyak 45 responden (24,3%) dan responden yang pengetahuan kurang baik sebanyak 140 responden (75,7%). Saran bagi 8 SMA di Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin diharapkan hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan informasi dan dapat menjadi inspirasi dalam mengupayakan pengembangan tentang Pemeriksaan Payudara Sendiri (SADARI).  

Nephrocalcinosis: Detection by Ultrasonography

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 970-973
Author(s):  
URI ALON ◽  
WILLIAM H. BREWER ◽  
JAMES C. M. CHAN
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Needle Biopsy ◽  
Plain Radiography ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Calcium Deposition ◽  
Percutaneous Needle Biopsy ◽  
Noninvasive Method ◽  
Pathologic Process ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Abdominal Radiographs

Abdominal plain radiography has long been regarded as an excellent noninvasive method for the diagnosis of nephrocalcinosis.1 However, to be detected by radiography, the calcium deposition in the kidneys must be quite large. Thus, in the early stages of renal calcification, radiography often fails to detect nephrocalcinosis.2,3 In most cases treatment can arrest the pathologic process and prevent further damage to the kidneys; therefore, early detection is of crucial importance4,5 and diagnostic methods that are more sensitive than abdominal plain radiography are needed. We hearby describe our experience in two children in whom plain abdominal radiographs failed to document nephrocalcinosis. In constrast, ultrasonography clearly demonstrated the nephrocalcinosis, which was subsequently confirmed histologically by percutaneous needle biopsy.

Early detection of critical material degradation by means of electromagnetic multi-parametric NDE

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Szielasko ◽  
Ralf Tschuncky ◽  
Madalina Rabung ◽  
Georg Seiler ◽  
Iris Altpeter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Material Degradation ◽  
Critical Material
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