The Ceramist as Chemist - Opportunities for New Materials

ABSTRACTThe use of sol-gel techniques to prepare glasses and crystalline ceramics offers outstanding opportunity for breakthroughs in technology. The areas of particular promise include novel glasses; crystallineceramics with exceptional microstructures; coatings for modification of electrical, optical, mechanical and chemical properties; porous media with high surface area and tailored chemistry; ceramic powders with high chemical homogeneity and narrow distributions of particle size; matrix materials in ceramicceramic composites; and a wide spectrum of specialty ceramic materials, ranging from abrasives and fibers to glass ceramics and films. Opportunities in each of these areas will be discussed and related to the advances in understanding and process technology required for their achievement. The theses will be advanced that creative chemistry provides the key to many of these advances, that ceramists simply MUST learn more chemistry, but that we dare not rest from our labors when the chemistry is done.

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Recent Advances in Applications of Ceramic Nanofibers

10.5772/intechopen.97118 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nuray Kizildag

Keyword(s):

High Surface ◽

Sol Gel ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Ceramic Materials ◽

Water Remediation ◽

Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽

Chemical Erosion ◽

Recent Advances ◽

Wide Range ◽

Ceramic Nanofibers

Ceramic materials are well known for their hardness, inertness, superior mechanical and thermal properties, resistance against chemical erosion and corrosion. Ceramic nanofibers were first manufactured through a combination of electrospinning with sol–gel method in 2002. The electrospun ceramic nanofibers display unprecedented properties such as high surface area, length, thermo-mechanical properties, and hierarchically porous structure which make them candidates for a wide range of applications such as tissue engineering, sensors, water remediation, energy storage, electromagnetic shielding, thermal insulation materials, etc. This chapter focuses on the most recent advances in the applications of ceramic nanofibers.

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Nano metal fluorides: small particles with great properties

ChemTexts ◽

10.1007/s40828-020-00115-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Erhard Kemnitz ◽

Stefan Mahn ◽

Thoralf Krahl

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

State Of The Art ◽

High Surface ◽

Sol Gel ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Lewis Acidity ◽

Small Particles ◽

Specific Chemical ◽

Metal Fluorides

Abstract The recently developed fluorolytic sol–gel route to metal fluorides opens a very broad range of both scientific and technical applications of the accessible high surface area metal fluorides, many of which have already been applied or tested. Specific chemical properties such as high Lewis acidity and physical properties such as high surface area, mesoporosity and nanosize as well as the possibility to apply metal fluorides on surfaces via a non-aqueous sol make the fluorolytic synthesis route a very versatile one. The scope of its scientific and technical use and the state of the art are presented.

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Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Minireview

Journal of Basic and Applied Research in Biomedicine ◽

10.51152/jbarbiomed.v6i2.125 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 114-119

Author(s):

Alaa Alnaimat ◽

Intesar Aljamaeen

Keyword(s):

Metal Nanoparticles ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

High Surface ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Macro Scale ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Nano Size ◽

And Chemical Properties

In principle, nanoscience focus on the understanding of the structure, physical and chemical properties of nano size objects. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are both recent and active ongoing branch of science includes multi interdisciplinary sciences. On the other hand, nanotechnology considered as the invested outcomes of the obtained fundamental knowledge about nano objects in various commercial, industrial, environmental and medical sectors. All nano scale matters regardless of their nature referred to as nano-objects were the prefix ‘nano’ mean one millionth of millimeter size. Due to their nano size and high surface area, metal nanoparticles exhibits unique and novel physical and chemical properties compared to their macro scale counterparts. They are considered as very interesting and popular antimicrobial agent with wide spectrum activity against the variety of pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Three main methods were routinely used for metal nanoparticles formation that are chemical, physical and biological approaches. As eco-friendly, cheap and safe synthesis approach without the use of toxic chemicals and free of resulted hazardous byproducts several extracellular and intracellular biological methods using bacteria, fungi, plants or their extracts were reported that known collectively as green nanotechnology

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Properties of Electrospun TiO2Nanofibers

Journal of Nanotechnology ◽

10.1155/2014/472132 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Bianca Caratão ◽

Edgar Carneiro ◽

Pedro Sá ◽

Bernardo Almeida ◽

Sandra Carvalho

Keyword(s):

Thermal Analysis ◽

Tissue Engineering ◽

Differential Thermal Analysis ◽

Composite Nanofibers ◽

High Surface ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Optoelectronic Devices ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Electrospinning Technique ◽

And Chemical Properties

Titanium oxide filled polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) composite nanofibers have been prepared via a simple electrospinning technique. The combination of good TiO2properties with its high surface area leads these nanofibers into having a vast applicability such as cosmetics, scaffolds for tissue engineering, catalytic devices, sensors, solar cells, and optoelectronic devices. The structural and chemical properties of the prepared samples have been studied. The presence of the TiO2phase on the nanofibers was confirmed. An anatase to rutile transformation was observed at 600°C. Regarding the thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA), the TIP decomposition and the PVP evaporation at 225°C were verified.

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Effect of Pretreatment of Synthetic and Natural Carbons as Starting Materials for Carbon Nanotubes

Journal of Metastable and Nanocrystalline Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/jmnm.23.285 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

pp. 285-288 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

N. Buang ◽

M. Aziz ◽

S. Sanip ◽

J.C. Tee ◽

Z.H.Z Abidin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Surface Area ◽

Low Cost ◽

High Surface ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Energy Storage And Conversion ◽

Thermal Treatments ◽

Active Materials ◽

And Chemical Properties

Carbon are well known as active materials for energy storage and conversion. They are preferred because carbon materials have high electrical conductivity, low cost, high surface area, porosity, formability and possess good chemical and electrochemical resistivity. The most recently discovered novel carbon material is the carbon nanotubes, having unique geometrical structure and stable mechanical and chemical properties. The starting materials for carbon nanotubes production widely used are high purity graphite. Thus, two types of carbons were studied and thermal treatments were conducted at temperatures ranging from 600 – 800 °C for several hours. The effect of the pretreatment upon their morphology and surface area were looked into. It was found that significant changes occurred for the natural carbons while the synthetic carbons showed little or no changes at the particular temperature range. The thermal treatment has resulted in the exposure of fresh edge planes and microparticles as well as changes in the specific surface area and enhances their adsorption properties.

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A Systematic Study of the Catalytic Behavior at Enzyme–Metal-Oxide Nanointerfaces

Nano LIFE ◽

10.1142/s1793984414500056 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 04 (02) ◽

pp. 1450005 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Alan S. Campbell ◽

Chenbo Dong ◽

Andrew Maloney ◽

Jeremy Hardinger ◽

Xiao Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metal Oxide ◽

Mechanical Stability ◽

Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

High Surface ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Catalytic Behavior ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

Metal-oxide nanoparticles with high surface area, controllable functionality and thermal and mechanical stability provide high affinity for enzymes when the next generation of biosensor applications are being considered. We report on the synthesis of metal-oxide-based nanoparticles (with different physical and chemical properties) using hydrothermal processing, photo-deposition and silane functionalization. Physical and chemical properties of the user-synthesized nanoparticles were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Raman scattering, respectively. Thus, characterized metal-oxide-based nanoparticles served as nanosupports for the immobilization of soybean peroxidase enzyme (a model enzyme) through physical binding. The enzyme–nanosupport interface was evaluated to assess the optimum nanosupport characteristics that preserve enzyme functionality and its catalytic behavior. Our results showed that both the nanosupport geometry and its charge influence the functionality and catalytic behavior of the bio-metal-oxide hybrid system.

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In Situ microscopy of the anodic etching of silicon

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100137537 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 232-233

Author(s):

Frances M. Ross ◽

Peter C. Searson

Keyword(s):

Composite Structures ◽

High Surface ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Selective Etching ◽

Silicon On Insulator ◽

Second Phase ◽

Porous Layers ◽

New Class ◽

Porous Semiconductors

Porous semiconductors represent a relatively new class of materials formed by the selective etching of a single or polycrystalline substrate. Although porous silicon has received considerable attention due to its novel optical properties1, porous layers can be formed in other semiconductors such as GaAs and GaP. These materials are characterised by very high surface area and by electrical, optical and chemical properties that may differ considerably from bulk. The properties depend on the pore morphology, which can be controlled by adjusting the processing conditions and the dopant concentration. A number of novel structures can be fabricated using selective etching. For example, self-supporting membranes can be made by growing pores through a wafer, films with modulated pore structure can be fabricated by varying the applied potential during growth, composite structures can be prepared by depositing a second phase into the pores and silicon-on-insulator structures can be formed by oxidising a buried porous layer. In all these applications the ability to grow nanostructures controllably is critical.

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Characterization of sol-gel silica glass and its composites through study of physical and chemical properties of entrapped molecules

10.31274/rtd-180813-12127 ◽

2001 ◽

Author(s):

Jovica Dimitrije Badjić

Keyword(s):

Silica Glass ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

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Eco-Compatible Construction Materials Containing Ceramic Sludge and Packaging Glass Cullet

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11083545 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 3545

Author(s):

Fernanda Andreola ◽

Isabella Lancellotti ◽

Paolo Pozzi ◽

Luisa Barbieri

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Glass Ceramics ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Linear Shrinkage ◽

Glass Cullet ◽

Commercial Glass ◽

Packaging Glass ◽

And Chemical Properties

This research reports results of eco-compatible building material obtained without natural raw materials. A mixture of sludge from a ceramic wastewater treatment plant and glass cullet from the urban collection was used to obtain high sintered products suitable to be used as covering floor/wall tiles in buildings. The fired samples were tested by water absorption, linear shrinkage, apparent density, and mechanical and chemical properties. Satisfactory results were achieved from densification properties and SEM/XRD analyses showed a compact polycrystalline microstructure with albite and wollastonite embedded in the glassy phase, similar to other commercial glass-ceramics. Besides, the products were obtained with a reduction of 200 °C with respect to the firing temperatures of commercial ones. Additionally, the realized materials were undergone to leaching test following Italian regulation to evaluate the mobility of hazardous ions present into the sludge. The data obtained verified that after thermal treatment the heavy metals were immobilized into the ceramic matrix without further environmental impact for the product use. The results of the research confirm that this valorization of matter using only residues produces glass ceramics high sintered suitable to be used as tile with technological properties similar or higher than commercial ones.

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