Influence of Microbiological Activity on the Mobility of Redoxsensitive Radionuclides in Sediments

1993 ◽  
Vol 333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irmgard Stroetmann ◽  
P. Kämpfer ◽  
W. Dott ◽  
J. Schüle ◽  
R. Sokotnejat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Column Experiments ◽  
Microbiological Activity ◽  
Soil Material ◽  
Experimental Systems ◽  
Groundwater Environment ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Live Stock ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Individual Column

ABSTRACTThe influence of microbial activity on the transport and migration behaviour of redox-sensitive radionuclides (e.g. Technetium (Tc) and Selenium (Se)) in groundwater environment were investigated within an interdisciplinarary research program. Soil material and sediments were investigated with batch- and recircu-lation column experiments. The number of microorganisms in the water was determined by counting the colony forming units (CFU) on R2A agar at regular periods.The results of sterile and non sterile recirculation column experiments showed within 80 days a high fixation of the radionuclides in the unsterile samples (80% of Tc, 50% of Se compared with the initial concentration Ao), and no fixation in the sterile samples. There was no difference in the redox values.It could be shown that the immobilisation of the redox-sensitive elements Tc and Se are strongly determined by microbial activity, depending on the different sediments and their microbial live stock. There are indications that the microorganisms found in the non sterile columns are allochthonous bacteria which were dragged into the experimental systems and samples during laboratory work and sampling. The composition of the microbial flora was shown to be very heterogenous and different in each individual column and within the same column at different times. Thus these columns might have been contaminated with microorganisms during sampling and handling of the experimental systems under non sterile conditions, as done generally in most laboratories.

scholarly journals Number of Microorganisms in the Soil Cultivated with Legume-Grass Mixtures Supplied with Phytohormones and Nitrogen

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-504
Author(s):  
Jacek SOSNOWSKI ◽  
Kazimierz JANKOWSKI ◽  
Roxana VIDICAN ◽  
Beata WIŚNIEWSKA-KADŻAJAN ◽  
Elżbieta MALINOWSKA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Soil Material ◽  
Humus Layer ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Intensive Development ◽  
Number Of Bacteria ◽  
Different Doses

The study concerned the number of microorganisms colonizing the humus layer and under plough soil from the cultivation of perennial ryegrass mixtures with red clover, which were fed by biostimulant based on the phytohormones  and different doses of nitrogen. Nitrogen was applied at four levels-control (no nitrogen), 50, 100 and 150 kg N∙ha-1, biostimulant in two combinations - with and without preparation. Soil material to assess the size of individual groups of microorganisms was collected from each experimental plot in autumn 2010 from the humus (0-20 cm) and under plough layers (20-40 cm). The analysis of soil samples for a total number of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi was conducted at the Department of Agricultural Microbiology IUNG-PIB in Pulawy. Results of studies have shown that more colonies of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi were colonized the humus horizon. Biostimulant application in this cultivation led to a decrease of the total number of colonies of the all soil microorganisms groups but improved the ratio of bacteria to fungi. Increasing doses of mineral nitrogen by the limiting of the bacteria number and intensive development of soil fungi, helped to narrow the B/F ratio.

scholarly journals Elastic and plastic soil deformation and its influence on emission of greenhouse gases

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Haas ◽  
Dörthe Holthusen ◽  
Anneka Mordhorst ◽  
Jerzy Lipiec ◽  
Rainer Horn
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Soil Strength ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Microbiological Activity ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Stress Application

Abstract Soil management alters physical, chemical and biological soil properties. Stress application affects microbiological activity and habitats for microorganisms in the root zone and causes soil degradation. We hypothesized that stress application results in altered greenhouse gas emissions if soil strength is exceeded. In the experiments, soil management dependent greenhouse gas emissions of intact soil cores (no, reduced, conventional tillages) were determined using two experimental setups; CO2 emissions were determined with: a dynamic measurement system, and a static chamber method before and after a vertical soil stress had been applied. For the latter CH4 and N2O emissions were analyzed additionally. Stress dependent effects can be summed as follows: In the elastic deformation range microbiological activity increased in conventional tillage soil and decreased in reduced tillage and no tillage. Beyond the precompression stress a release of formerly protected soil organic carbon and an almost total loss of CH4 oxidizability occurred. Only swelling and shrinkage of no tillage and reduced tillage regenerated their microhabitat function. Thus, the direct link between soil strength and microbial activity can be applied as a marker for soil rigidity and the transition to new disequilibria concerning microbial activity and composition.

Redox-induced species distribution of arsenic in a suboxic groundwater environment — column experiments

2020 ◽  
pp. 197-198
Author(s):  
V. Haury ◽  
S. Jann ◽  
M. Kofod ◽  
C. Scholz ◽  
M. Isenbeck-Schröter
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution ◽  
Column Experiments ◽  
Groundwater Environment

scholarly journals Effect of Bean Cultivars on Soil Microorganisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojana Petrović ◽  
Simonida Đurić ◽  
Mirjana Vasić ◽  
Vesna Tunguz ◽  
Robert Pokluda
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Microbiological Activity ◽  
Conventional Production ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
The Village ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

The aim of this study was to determine the microbiological activity in soil under beans in organic and conventional production. Organic production was conducted on the field in the village Pivnice (Serbia), while conventional production was conducted in the village Curug (Serbia) during 2014 on the chernosem type soil. Cultivars of beans Belko, Dvadesetica, Maksa, Slavonac, Sremac, Zlatko were used. Before sowing, the bean seeds were inoculated by biofertilizers NS-Nitragin. NS-Nitragin contains a mixture of selected strains of symbiotic bacteria Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli. The total number of actinomycetes, ammonifiers, Azotobacter, bacteria and fungi were determined. At the end of vegetation period in conventional production the highest number of actinomycetes (5.83) and fungi (4.87) was recorded in cultivar Dvadesetica. In organic production the highest number of ammonifires was in cultivar Sremac (9.91). The highest number of bacteria was in cultivar Dvadesetica (9.08) and the highest number of fungi was in cultivar Zlatko (5.14). The results have shown that number of microorganisms was higher in organic production.

scholarly journals Influence of agricultural systems and basic tillage on soil microorganisms number under winter wheat crops of the Right-bank Forest-Dteppe of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 76-80
Author(s):  
O.Yu. Karpenko ◽  
V.M. Rozhko ◽  
A.O. Butenko
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Ecological System ◽  
Microbiological Activity ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
The Right

The results of studying the influence of different systems of agriculture and measures of basic tillage on the number of microorganisms and its phytotoxicity in the field of winter wheat are presented. It is proved that different systems of agriculture and measures of basic tillage do not equally affect the microbiological activity of the rhizosphere of winter wheat in the number and species composition of microorganisms. As a result, the variants created different conditions for the course of biochemical processes in the soil and the formation of crop yields. Moldboard-boardless tillage and the ecological system of agriculture proved to be more promising.

scholarly journals Soil microbial activity under conventional and organic production of bean and maize

2016 ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Jelena Marinkovic ◽  
Ivan Susnica ◽  
Dragana Bjelic ◽  
Branislava Tintor ◽  
Mirjana Vasic
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Organic Farming System ◽  
Micro Organisms

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of conventional and organic production system on microbial activity in the soil cultivated with bean and maize crops. The trial in Djurdjevo was set up according to the conventional farming system, while organic farming system was used in Futog. Two maize hybrids and two bean cultivars were used in the trial. Soil samples were collected in two periods during 2014 (before sowing, at flowering stage of bean crops, and at 9-11 leaf stage of maize) at two depths, at both locations. The following microbiological parameters were tested: the total number of micro?organisms, number of ammonifiers, Azotobacter sp., free nitrogen fixing bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, and activity of dehydrogenase enzyme. The results showed that the total number of microorganisms, number of free N-fixers and dehydrogenase activity were higher within organic production, while Azotobacter sp. was more abundant in conventional production. Variations in the number of ammonifiers, fungi and actinomycetes in relation to the type of production were not obtained. Significant differences in microbial activity were also obtained between period and depths of sampling.

scholarly journals Microbiological activity of the old irrigating and new irrigating alluvial meadow soils

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Khojimurodova ◽  
N. Raupova
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Microbiological Activity ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Alluvial Meadow

The article discusses some of the features and microbiological activity of alluvial meadow soils of the Bukhara Oasis. The results of microbiological studies suggest that the number of microorganisms is maximum in the spring when mineralization of easily decomposing organic substances increases, mainly due to the biological circulation of nutrients in the soil. As the degree of salinization increases, the growth rate of microorganisms in the studied soils is suppressed.

scholarly journals Microflora, supply of elements of nutrition of ordinary сhernozem and productivity of spring wheat when applying the preparation «agrobionov»

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
А. Khusainov ◽  
◽  
B. Yessenzholov ◽  
Т. Zharkinbekov ◽  
А. Sarsenova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Microbiological Activity ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
Flax Seed ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Seed Application

Тhe article presents the results of research of the microflora, microbiological activity and nutritional content of ordinary тhernozem when applying the preparation «Agrobionov». The aim of the preparation is to give agri-environmental assessment of doses of any preparation in biological properties and availability of nutrients and yield of spring wheat. The microbiological activity of the soil has been determined by the method of flax seed application. The following group of microorganisms has been studied: bacteria that utilize organic nitrogen compounds; microorganisms that consume mineral nitrogen; oligonitrophilic; bacteria, mobilizing mineral phosphates; calculatorcredit microorganisms; the nitrifying microorganisms; fungi. The authors have found that studied preparation increases the microbiological activity, the total number of microorganisms, including agronomic valuable microorganisms, the availability of easily hydrolyzed nitrogen in the soil, and the yield of spring wheat.

Sorption and Degradation of Selected Pharmaceuticals in Controlled Laboratory Column Experiments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marleen Schübl ◽  
Aleksandra Kiecak ◽  
Christine Stumpp
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Reactive Transport ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Redox Conditions ◽  
Column Experiments ◽  
Pharmaceutically Active Compounds ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Transport Behavior ◽  
The Impact

<p>Pharmaceutically active compounds have increasingly been detected in groundwater worldwide. Despite constituting a major risk for ecosystems and human health, their fate in the environment has still not been thoroughly investigated. This study characterizes the transport behavior of five selected pharmaceutically active compounds (antipyrine, atenolol, caffeine, carbamazepine and sulfamethoxazole) in two sediments (coarse quartzsand and sandy loam) using column experiments with long-term injection of spiked groundwater accompanied by monitoring of microbial activity in the columns. Transport parameters were estimated using an analytical reactive transport model. When five selected compounds were injected simultaneously, transport behavior of antipyrine, carbamazepine and the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole were similar to the conservative tracer in both sediments and under varying redox conditions. During the entire duration of the experiments of about two months no degradation was observed, thus showing the low potential for natural attenuation. Atenolol and caffeine were subject to retardation which was significantly stronger in the sandy loam sediment compared to the coarse quartzsand. This was attributed to higher contents in clay and organic carbon in sandy loam. Biodegradation of caffeine was observed in three out of four non-sterilized settings after an adaption period of 120 to 420 hours and was dependent on the presence of dissolved oxygen. Atenolol was biologically degraded in the coarse quartzsand while the type of degradation remained unclear in the sandy loam sediment. The identification of biodegradation processes was supported by monitoring of intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP<sub>itc</sub>) as a measure for microbial activity. ATP<sub>itc</sub> was present in varying concentrations in all sediments with higher concentrations when degradation of pharmaceuticals, especially caffeine, was observed. When only caffeine and sulfamethoxazole were injected simultaneously, sulfamethoxazole was degraded while caffeine was not. The latter seems to be influenced by low concentrations in dissolved oxygen rather than the presence of the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole. Results of these experiments emphasize the impact of sediment type and redox conditions on pharmaceutical transport as well as the effect of combination and variety of pharmaceuticals that are released together into the environment.</p>

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