scholarly journals Number of Microorganisms in the Soil Cultivated with Legume-Grass Mixtures Supplied with Phytohormones and Nitrogen

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-504
Author(s):  
Jacek SOSNOWSKI ◽  
Kazimierz JANKOWSKI ◽  
Roxana VIDICAN ◽  
Beata WIŚNIEWSKA-KADŻAJAN ◽  
Elżbieta MALINOWSKA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Soil Material ◽  
Humus Layer ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Intensive Development ◽  
Number Of Bacteria ◽  
Different Doses

The study concerned the number of microorganisms colonizing the humus layer and under plough soil from the cultivation of perennial ryegrass mixtures with red clover, which were fed by biostimulant based on the phytohormones  and different doses of nitrogen. Nitrogen was applied at four levels-control (no nitrogen), 50, 100 and 150 kg N∙ha-1, biostimulant in two combinations - with and without preparation. Soil material to assess the size of individual groups of microorganisms was collected from each experimental plot in autumn 2010 from the humus (0-20 cm) and under plough layers (20-40 cm). The analysis of soil samples for a total number of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi was conducted at the Department of Agricultural Microbiology IUNG-PIB in Pulawy. Results of studies have shown that more colonies of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi were colonized the humus horizon. Biostimulant application in this cultivation led to a decrease of the total number of colonies of the all soil microorganisms groups but improved the ratio of bacteria to fungi. Increasing doses of mineral nitrogen by the limiting of the bacteria number and intensive development of soil fungi, helped to narrow the B/F ratio.

scholarly journals Effect of Bean Cultivars on Soil Microorganisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojana Petrović ◽  
Simonida Đurić ◽  
Mirjana Vasić ◽  
Vesna Tunguz ◽  
Robert Pokluda
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Microbiological Activity ◽  
Conventional Production ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
The Village ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

The aim of this study was to determine the microbiological activity in soil under beans in organic and conventional production. Organic production was conducted on the field in the village Pivnice (Serbia), while conventional production was conducted in the village Curug (Serbia) during 2014 on the chernosem type soil. Cultivars of beans Belko, Dvadesetica, Maksa, Slavonac, Sremac, Zlatko were used. Before sowing, the bean seeds were inoculated by biofertilizers NS-Nitragin. NS-Nitragin contains a mixture of selected strains of symbiotic bacteria Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli. The total number of actinomycetes, ammonifiers, Azotobacter, bacteria and fungi were determined. At the end of vegetation period in conventional production the highest number of actinomycetes (5.83) and fungi (4.87) was recorded in cultivar Dvadesetica. In organic production the highest number of ammonifires was in cultivar Sremac (9.91). The highest number of bacteria was in cultivar Dvadesetica (9.08) and the highest number of fungi was in cultivar Zlatko (5.14). The results have shown that number of microorganisms was higher in organic production.

scholarly journals Effect of Azotobacter chroococcum on sugar beet and microbial activity of rhizosphere

2010 ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Janja Kuzevski ◽  
Nada Milosevic ◽  
Sasa Krstanovic ◽  
Zora Jelicic
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Atmospheric Nitrogen ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Biological Nitrogen ◽  
Number Of Bacteria ◽  
Soil Dehydrogenase Activity

In sugar beet production, one of the most important factors that affect the yield, apart from genetic properties, is the use of mineral fertilizers. Considerate amounts of mineral fertilizers are used in sugar beet production. However, if agroecological conditions are not optimum, mineral fertilizers cannot be completely absorbed, which may lead to soil contamination. Therefore, research has been focusing on ways of using atmospheric nitrogen by means of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Numerous researches have proved that one part of mineral fertilizers can be replaced by biological nitrogen. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of genotype, azotobacter and the amount of mineral fertilizers on the root yield of sugar beet and on the microbiological activity of the sugar beet rhizospheric soil. Three hybrids of sugar beet were used during the two years of the research. The seed of the hybrids was inoculated with three strains of azotobacter. Various amounts of NPK were used (0;30;60;90 kg/ha). At the end of the vegetation period, the following were determined: root yield, total number of bacteria, number of azotobacter, oligotrophic bacteria, ammonifiers, fungi, and actinomycetes in soil. Dehydrogenase activity was measured. The results were processed statistically (analysis of variance for factorial trials) and the effect of the factors was determined upon the expected mean square values. The yield was mainly affected by the amount of mineral fertilizers. However, the effect of mineral fertilizers was different with different inoculation treatments. The effect of the examined factors was dependant upon genotype, amount of mineral fertilizers, inoculation and the year of trials. The interaction between genotype, mineral fertilizers, inoculation and the year of trials was the factor that had the greatest effect on the number of almost all the examined soil microorganisms.

scholarly journals Microbiology Factor Measurement as Indoor Air Quality Parameter in Public Space

BIOEDUKASI ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Oktofa Setia Pamungkas ◽  
Henny Ayu Nirwala ◽  
Dina Mala Pardede
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
The Public ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Factor Measurement ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Indoor Spaces ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

Nearly 90% of people spend their time in both private and public indoor spaces. Bank is one of the public indoor spaces accessible to the community, as well as a place for some workers spending time every day. This study was conducted in 6 banking sectors in Samarinda, East Kalimantan, focusing on the existence of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi/mold. The purpose was to investigate the number of microorganisms, both bacteria and fungi, contained in indoor areas of several bank offices in Samarinda. The results showed that the number of bacteria and fungi at several sampling points in 6 offices were above the standard of Permenaker RI No. 5 the year of 2018 and Permenkes RI No. 48 the year of 2016, i.e.,>700 cfu/m3 for bacteria and >1000 cfu/m3 for fungi.

scholarly journals The chemicals (formaldehyde and toluene) influence on soil microorganisms of leached chernozem

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Natalya Anatolyevna Ilyina ◽  
Tatyana Valentinovna Fufaeva ◽  
Natalya Anatolyevna Kazakova ◽  
Nataliya Mikhailovna Kasatkina ◽  
Evgeniya Alexandrovna Vilkova
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Leached Chernozem ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
The Status ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

The paper assesses the status of the soil cover associated with the pollution of its waste chemical production and consumption. The authors present the data of formaldehyde and toluene influence on the abundance of actinomycetes, heterotrophic bacteria and fungi, as these groups of microorganisms provide self-purification capacity of the soil and participate in soil formation processes. In this paper microbiological and physico-chemical methods of research are used. The study of species composition changes of some soil microorganisms groups of leached chernozem under the influence of formaldehyde and toluene showed that this factor causes changes in the complex of soil microorganisms. This factor is reflected in the decreased species richness and diversity and increase of pollution-tolerant microorganisms. These studies investigate a number of microorganisms that provide self-purification capacity of the soil and participate in soil formation. The results show the nature of the influence of different doses of formaldehyde and toluene on the structure and functioning of the complex of soil microorganisms, as well as reveal the mechanism of action of chemicals (formaldehyde and toluene) on soil microbiota associated with its resistance and the manifestation of toxicity of the soil.

Structural and spatial organization of the microbial biom of the rhiosphere of plants of eternal green such (Buxus sempervirens L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 244-250
Author(s):  
S.V. Veretiuk ◽  
◽  
T.I. Patyka ◽  
N.V. Patyka ◽  
M.V. Boiko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Rhizosphere Microorganisms ◽  
Microbial Complex ◽  
Buxus Sempervirens ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

The features of the formation of the structural and spatial organization and biodiversity of the microbial complex of the rhizosphere of plants of the evergreen boxwood (Búxus sempervírens L.) in closed ground are considered. The abundance of the main taxonomic groups of microorganisms of the evergreen boxwood rhizosphere: bacteria, micromycetes, and actinomycetes has been estimated. According to the soil microorganisms population structure results, was established that the quantitative indicators of boxwood rhizospheric microorganisms depends on the physiological state and age of the plants. It has been investigated that the rhizosphere of boxwood is characterized by an insignificant variety of bacterial and fungal microflora. It was shown that the number of bacteria in plant ontogenesis increases from 2.09 ± 0.37 to 4.90 ± 0.62 million/g of soil (10-year-old plants). There is a dynamics of an increase in the number of micromycetes by more than 10 times (2.16 ± 1.22 – 2 year olds; 20.24 ± 2.55 – 4 year olds; 25.94 ± 3.24 thousand CFU/g – 10 year olds) and actinomycetes – 2.4 times (1.87 ± 0.03 million CFU/g). When analyzing the qualitative composition and cultural and morphological properties of isolates of rhizosphere microorganisms of evergreen boxwood, dominant forms were identified that are assigned to representatives of the genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Rhizopus and Trichoderma.

STUDIES ON THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN NEMATODES AND OTHER SOIL MICROORGANISMS: IV. INCIDENCE OF NEMATODE-TRAPPING FUNGI IN THE VICINITY OF PLANT ROOTS

1965 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Peterson ◽  
H. Katznelson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Rhizosphere Effect ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Wheat Rhizosphere

A study was made of the occurrence of nematode-trapping fungi in the rhizosphere and on the root surface of different plants. Arthrobotrys oligospora was the predominant predaceous fungus isolated. It was almost completely absent from plant roots but occurred in varying frequency in rhizosphere soil and in root-free soil. The incidence of this fungus was consistently greater in the soybean rhizosphere and lower in the wheat rhizosphere than in corresponding soil devoid of roots, whereas for other plants, red clover, flax, etc., there was no obvious rhizosphere effect. Spore germination tests and growth of A. oligospora in root extracts of soybeans and wheat failed to account for the differences observed. However, bacterial isolates from the wheat rhizosphere were, on the whole, more antagonistic to this fungus than those from the soybean rhizosphere, whereas isolates from the latter appeared to exert a favorable effect.

scholarly journals Influence of clover content of mixed ley on magnesium and potassium in red clover and timothy

1969 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Raili Jokinen
Keyword(s):  
Red Clover ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Exchangeable Cations ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Year ◽  
Soil Material ◽  
Partial Correlations ◽  
Total Magnesium ◽  
Clover Content ◽  
Cation Ratios

The plant and soil material of this study were collected at a distance of 5—15 km one after the other from 90 farms in Southwest Finland, Satakunta and Ostrobothnia in the years 1966—67. The coefficients of simple and partial correlations between the contents of total magnesium or potassium or the ratios of K/Mg, Ca/Mg, Ca + Mg/K + Na in clover or timothy, the clover content of mixed ley, and the exchangeable cations or their ratios in soil were calculated separately for 1st year, 2nd year, and 3rd year or older leys. The results indicated that according to this rather limited material the potassium content and the ratio K/Mg in clover increased and the magnesium content and the ratio Ca + Mg/K + Na decreased significantly with the increasing clover content of the first year leys, even if the effects of the corresponding exchangeable cations and ratios in soil were taken into consideration. Clover and timothy in mixed ley possibly compete with each other for cations. Cation ratios and the cation content of timothy seemed to be independent of the clover content of the mixed ley, the properties of clover in 2nd year and older leys were likewise not dependent on it. Variations up to 43 % in the magnesium and potassium contents and the cation ratios of clover in first year leys were explained by vatiations in their clover content, and when the exchangeable cations of soil were also taken into account, from 1 to 76 % of this variation could be explained.

scholarly journals Flame-weeding: Impact on soybean plants and soil microorganisms

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Djordje Malencic ◽  
Goran Malidza ◽  
Milos Rajkovic ◽  
Biljana Kiprovski ◽  
Simonida Djuric ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Soybean Leaves ◽  
Flame Weeding ◽  
Surrounding Soil ◽  
Growing Crop

Flame-weeding is a very useful method for weed control, especially in organic production where the use of herbicides is prohibited. With this method heat sup?presses weeds in row within a second. Apart from this, heat also affects growing crop plants and surrounding soil. The aim of this paper was to determine the effect of different propane doses, on photosynthetic and polyphenolic (total flavonoids and anthocy?nins) pigments in soybean leaves, as well as the number of microorganisms in the soil. Soybean plants exposed to flame showed a different reaction to high temperature stress, which was reflected in differ?ent content of analyzed biochemical parameters, but the most responsive were anthocyanins. Actinomycetes turned out to be the most sensitive group of soil microorganisms affected by weed flaming, while fungi were the most tolerant.

scholarly journals ANÁLISE DE CUSTOS E DESEMPENHO AGRONÔMICO NA PRODUÇÃO DE ALFACE SUBMETIDA A NÍVEIS DE IRRIGAÇÃO E USO DE HIDRORRETENTOR

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-70
Author(s):  
João de Jesus Guimarães ◽  
LEANDRO Caixeta Salomão ◽  
WELCIO RODRIGUES DA SILVA ◽  
HENRIQUE FONSECA ELIAS DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
DÉBORA REGINA MARQUES PEREIRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Irrigation Levels ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Different Doses

ANÁLISE DE CUSTOS E DESEMPENHO AGRONÔMICO NA PRODUÇÃO DE ALFACE SUBMETIDA A NÍVEIS DE IRRIGAÇÃO E USO DE HIDRORRETENTOR     1JOÃO DE JESUS GUIMARÃES; LEANDRO CAIXETA SALOMÃO2; WELCIO RODRIGUES DA SILVA3; HENRIQUE FONSECA ELIAS DE OLIVEIRA4; DÉBORA REGINA MARQUES PEREIRA5 E MANOEL HENRIQUE REIS DE OLIVEIRA6   1        Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas – FCA – Unesp, Câmpus Botucatu, Avenida Universitária, 3780, CEP 18610-034, Altos do Paraíso, Botucatu-SP, Brasil, [email protected] 2     Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano-Campus Urutaí, Rodovia Geraldo Silva Nascimento Km 2,5, Zona Rural, Urutaí-GO, Brasil, [email protected] 3        Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Campus Goianésia, Rua 35, nº 436, Setor Sul, Goianésia-GO, Brasil, [email protected] 4        Departamento de Irrigação e Drenagem, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano-- Campus Ceres, Rodovia GO 154, Km 03, s/n, Zona Rural, Ceres-GO, Brasil, [email protected] 5        Prefeitura Municipal de Goianésia, Av. Mato Grosso, nº 61 - Setor Universitário, Goianésia-GO, Brasil, [email protected] 6     Departamento de Irrigação no Cerrado, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano-Campus Ceres, Rodovia GO 154, Km 03, s/n, Zona Rural, Ceres-GO, Brasil, [email protected]     1 RESUMO   Objetivou-se com este trabalho realizar a análise de custo e desempenho agronômico da alface crespa produzida em ambiente protegido submetida a diferentes níveis de irrigação e diferentes doses de solução hidroretentora. O trabalho foi realizado na área experimental do Instituto Federal Goiano - Campus Urutaí-GO, cujas coordenadas geográficas são latitude 17º29’10” S, longitude 48º12’38” O e altitude de 697 m, no período de dezembro de 2017 a janeiro de 2018. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial (4x5), com parcela subdividida e quatro blocos, em que se utilizaram quatro níveis de irrigação (50, 75, 100 e 125%) da evaporação obtida diariamente, junto ao tanque Classe A e cinco doses de solução de hidrogel (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 g). Analisou-se o custo de produção considerando os gastos efetivos realizados durante o ciclo produtivo além das variáveis produtividade (PRO) e a eficiência do uso da água (EUA). Os níveis de irrigação e doses de solução hidrorretentora utilizados influenciaram significativamente as variáveis PRO e EUA. A lucratividade cresceu com o aumento das lâminas de irrigação e decresceu com a utilização do hidrogel.   Palavras-chave: análise econômica, hidrogel, Lactuca sativa L., viabilidade, lâminas de irrigação.     GUIMARÃES, J. J.1; SALOMÃO, L. C.2; SILVA, W. R.3; OLIVEIRA, H. F. E.4; PEREIRA, D. R. M.5; OLIVEIRA, M. H. R.6 ANALYSIS OF COSTS AND AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE IN LETTUCE PRODUCTION SUBMITTED TO LEVELS OF IRRIGATION AND USE OF HYDRO RETAINER   2 ABSTRACT   The objective of this work was to perform an analysis of the cost and performance of crisp lettuce in a protected model, with different levels of irrigation and different doses of hidroretentora solution. The work was carried out in the experimental area of Goiás Federal Institute - Campus Urutaí-GO, geographic positions are latitude 17º29'10 "S, longitude 48º12'38" W and altitude 697 m, excluding the period from December 2017 to January 2018 (4x5), with subdivision of blocks using four levels of irrigation (50, 75, 100 and 125%) of the evaporation obtained daily, to tank Class A and five doses of hydrogel solution (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 g). The product was analyzed with the advantage of having achieved, during the productive cycle, productive changes and efficiency in water use (USA). Irrigation levels and doses of hydrocortisone solution may significantly influence PRO and US variables. Profitability increased with the increase of irrigation slides and decreased with the use ofhydrogel.   Keywords: economic analysis, hydrogel, Lactuca sativa L., viability, irrigation blade.

Extending the Shelf-life of Whole-wheat Flour by Gamma Irradiation and Organoleptic Characteristics of Cakes Made with Irradiated Flour

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 757-762
Author(s):  
Fereshteh Ansari ◽  
Aziz Homayouni ◽  
Parvaneh Mohsennezhad ◽  
Alireza Mohammad Alivand ◽  
Hadi Pourjafar
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Whole Wheat Flour ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Different Color ◽  
Mold And Yeast ◽  
Number Of Bacteria ◽  
Different Doses

Background: Extending the shelf-life of food products is very important for food producers, and one of its most significant methods is gamma irradiation. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate extending the shelf-life of whole-wheat flour using gamma irradiation and to study the organoleptic and physical characteristics of the cakes made with irradiated flour. Methods: 900 g packed flour samples were irradiated with different doses of 0.2, 0.5, 2 and 5 kGy of gamma irradiation using Caesium-137 source. Results: Based on the results, insect growth was not observed in any of the irradiated flour samples up to 180 days after production. The total number of bacteria and the number of mold and yeast significantly reduced during 180 days of storage. With increasing the irradiation dose, the height of the baked cakes was significantly reduced, the size of the air bubbles inside the cake decreased, and the color of the cakes became darker so that a dark and different color was observed at a dose of 5 kGy. Conclusion: By applying a dose of 5 kGy irradiation, the shelf-life of flour can be longer, with inconsiderable organoleptic changes of baked cakes.

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