Chemical Bath Deposition of CdS Thin Films: Growth and Structural Studies

AbstractChemical-bath-deposited CdS thin films from an ammonia-thiourea solution have been studied by x-ray diffraction, surface profilometry, ellipsometry, and other techniques. The compactness of the CdS films, structural properties of the films, and the growth mechanism have been investigated. For the deposition conditions used, we found that the film compactness reaches its maximum at a deposition time of 35 minutes. Films grown at longer deposition times are less compact, consistent with the CdS duplex layer structure proposed previously. This transition from compact layer growth to porous layer growth is important for depositing CdS films in solar cell applications. Based on x-ray diffraction (XRD) studies, we were able to determine the crystal phase, lattice constant, and other structural properties.

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Effect some Factors on the Structural Properties of the CdS Thin Films Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition

International Letters of Chemistry Physics and Astronomy ◽

10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.64.1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 64 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Fatma Salamon

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Chemical Bath Deposition ◽

Deposition Time ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Hexagonal Crystal ◽

X Ray ◽

Glass Substrates ◽

Cds Thin Films ◽

Temperature Deposition ◽

Xrd Patterns

CdS thin films were prepared by chemical bath deposition technique (CBD) onto the glass substrates at different conditions of preparation. The obtained samples are studied by X-Ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD patterns of CdS samples revealed the formation with a hexagonal crystal structure P36mc, and the clear effect of the concentration of thiourea, cadmium sulfide, NaOH, time and temperature deposition, and annealing temperature, on the structure of the prepared thin films. through the study, we found that the samples have preferred orientation along [002], also the thickness of thin films decrease with deposition time after certain value, with the appearance of free cadmium. It has been found that the 200°C is the best temperature for annealing to improve the other structural and physical properties of films.

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Effects of Vapor CdCl2 Treatment on the Properties of CdS Thin Films Prepared by R.F. Magnetron Sputtering

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.3477 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 347-353 ◽

pp. 3477-3480

Author(s):

Liang Min Cai ◽

Jian Huang ◽

Jia Wei Jiang ◽

Jun Le ◽

Wei Min Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Grain Size ◽

Optical Properties ◽

Magnetron Sputtering ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Structural And Optical Properties ◽

Solar Cell Application ◽

X Ray ◽

Cds Thin Films ◽

Cds Films

CdS films were prepared by R.F. magnetron sputtering method. The effects of vapor CdCl2treatment on the properties of CdS films were studied. The vapor CdCl2thermal treatment at different temperature was employed in a CSS device, using CdCl2powder as evaporant. The structural and optical properties of CdS films were investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD), PL spectra, and transmittance spectra, respectively. The results revealed that the CdS films had a structure of hexagonal wurtzite with a preferential orientation of the (002) plane. A better crystal quality and larger grain size, which are good for the solar cell application, were observed in the CdS samples annealed with CdCl2Subscript text.

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Structural, electrical and optical properties of CdS thin films and the effect of annealing on photoconductivity

Iraqi Journal of Physics (IJP) ◽

10.30723/ijp.v12i25.314 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (25) ◽

pp. 138-147

Author(s):

Haidar Jwad Abdul-Ameer Al-Rehamey

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Optical Transmittance ◽

Band Gap Energy ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Glass Substrates ◽

Average Grain Size ◽

Type Semiconductor ◽

Cds Thin Films ◽

Cds Films

Cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin films with n-type semiconductor characteristics were prepared by flash evaporating method on glass substrates. Some films were annealed at 250 oC for 1hr in air. The thicknesses of the films was estimated to be 0.5µ by the spectrometer measurement. Structural, morphological, electrical, optical and photoconductivity properties of CdS films have been investigated by X-ray diffraction, AFM, the Hall effect, optical transmittance spectra and photoconductivity analysis, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern shows that CdS films are in the stable hexagonal crystalline structure. Using Debye Scherrerś formula, the average grain size for the samples was found to be 26 nm. The transmittance of the samples was determined from optical trasmittance spectra. It is observed that the direct band gap energy for as deposited and annealed films are (2.55, 2.45) eV, respectively. The effect of annealing at 250 oC for 1hr in air on optical and photoconductivity of films under various intensity of illuminations (43.81 and 115.12) mW/cm2 was studied. The dark and photocurrents of the annealed films were found to be greater than that of as deposited.

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Structural and Optical Properties of CdS Thin Films Grown by Sputtering

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.306-307.265 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 306-307 ◽

pp. 265-268

Author(s):

Xue Yan Zhang ◽

Xiao Yu Liu ◽

Han Bin Wang ◽

Xi Jian Zhang ◽

Qing Pu Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Optical Properties ◽

Visible Range ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Structural And Optical Properties ◽

X Ray ◽

Glass Substrates ◽

Grain Sizes ◽

Cds Thin Films ◽

Cds Films

Cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin films with (111) preferential orientation were grown on glass substrates at room temperature by radio frequency (R.F.) magnetron sputtering. The structural and optical properties of CdS films have been investigated by X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscope micrographs, PL spectra and transmittance spectra. The grain sizes have been evaluated. The transmission spectra of the obtained films reveal a relatively high transmission coefficient (80%) in the visible range. All these results show that the grain sizes increased while the optical band gap decreased with increasing the thickness of CdS films.

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Crystallization of Zn-rich and P-rich amorphous Zn3P2 thin films

Canadian Journal of Physics ◽

10.1139/p88-060 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 66 (5) ◽

pp. 373-375 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

C. J. Arsenault ◽

D. E. Brodie

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Thin Films ◽

Activation Energy ◽

Electrical Properties ◽

Structural Properties ◽

Crystallization Process ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Electrical Measurements ◽

Conductivity Activation Energy ◽

X Ray

Zn-rich and P-rich amorphous Zn3P2 thin films were prepared by co-evaporation of the excess element during the normal Zn3P2 deposition. X-ray diffraction techniques were used to investigate the structural properties and the crystallization process. Agglomeration of the excess element within the as-made amorphous Zn3P2 thin film accounted for the structural properties observed after annealing the sample. Electrical measurements showed that excess Zn reduces the conductivity activation energy and increases the conductivity, while excess P up to 15 at.% does not alter the electrical properties significantly.

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Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Chromium Carbide Coatings Deposited by Magnetron Sputtering Technique

Defect and Diffusion Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.397.118 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 397 ◽

pp. 118-124

Author(s):

Linda Aissani ◽

Khaoula Rahmouni ◽

Laala Guelani ◽

Mourad Zaabat ◽

Akram Alhussein

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Mechanical Properties ◽

Magnetron Sputtering ◽

Structural Properties ◽

Annealing Temperature ◽

Diffusion Mechanism ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Chromium Carbides ◽

X Ray ◽

Mechanical And Structural Properties

From the hard and anti-corrosions coatings, we found the chromium carbides, these components were discovered by large studies; like thin films since years ago. They were pointed a good quality for the protection of steel, because of their thermal and mechanical properties for this reason, it was used in many fields for protection. Plus: their hardness and their important function in mechanical coatings. The aim of this work joins a study of the effect of the thermal treatment on mechanical and structural properties of the Cr/steel system. Thin films were deposited by cathodic magnetron sputtering on the steel substrates of 100C6, contain 1% wt of carbon. Samples were annealing in vacuum temperature interval between 700 to 1000 °C since 45 min, it forms the chromium carbides. Then pieces are characterising by X-ray diffraction, X-ray microanalysis and scanning electron microscopy. Mechanical properties are analysing by Vickers test. The X-ray diffraction analyse point the formation of the Cr7C3, Cr23C6 carbides at 900°C; they transformed to ternary carbides in a highest temperature, but the Cr3C2 doesn’t appear. The X-ray microanalysis shows the diffusion mechanism between the chromium film and the steel sample; from the variation of: Cr, Fe, C, O elements concentration with the change of annealing temperature. The variation of annealing temperature shows a clean improvement in mechanical and structural properties, like the adhesion and the micro-hardness.

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Optimization of Chemical Bath Deposited Mercury Chromium Sulphide Thin Films on Glass Substrate

Indian Journal of Materials Science ◽

10.1155/2013/694357 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

H. B. Patil ◽

S. V. Borse

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Glass Substrate ◽

Deposition Time ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Complexing Agent ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Edax Analysis ◽

Cubic Structure ◽

Semiconducting Thin Films

Semiconducting thin films of ternary () have been deposited on glass substrate by the simple and economical chemical bath deposition method. We report the deposition and optimization of the solution growth parameters such as temperature, complexing agent, thiourea, and deposition time that maximizes the thickness of the deposited thin film. The X-ray diffraction deposited thin films having cubic structure. The thin films were uniform and adherent to substrate. The composition was found homogeneous and stoichiometric by EDAX analysis.

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Structural and Magnetic Properties of FePd Thin Film Synthesized by Electrodeposition Method

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13061454 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1454

Author(s):

Gabriele Barrera ◽

Federico Scaglione ◽

Matteo Cialone ◽

Federica Celegato ◽

Marco Coïsson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Thin Films ◽

Magnetic Properties ◽

Deposition Time ◽

Magnetic Measurements ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Fundamental Properties ◽

Magnetic Features ◽

Application Fields

Bimetallic nanomaterials in the form of thin film constituted by magnetic and noble elements show promising properties in different application fields such as catalysts and magnetic driven applications. In order to tailor the chemical and physical properties of these alloys to meet the applications requirements, it is of great importance scientific interest to study the interplay between properties and morphology, surface properties, microstructure, spatial confinement and magnetic features. In this manuscript, FePd thin films are prepared by electrodeposition which is a versatile and widely used technique. Compositional, morphological, surface and magnetic properties are described as a function of deposition time (i.e., film thickness). Chemical etching in hydrochloric acid was used to enhance the surface roughness and help decoupling crystalline grains with direct consequences on to the magnetic properties. X-ray diffraction, SEM/AFM images, contact angle and magnetic measurements have been carried out with the aim of providing a comprehensive characterisation of the fundamental properties of these bimetallic thin films.

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Characterization of Physical Properties of Thermally Evaporated Doped CdS Thin Films for Photovoltaics

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.510-511.156 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 510-511 ◽

pp. 156-162 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

G.H. Tariq ◽

M. Anis-ur-Rehman

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Solar Cells ◽

Window Layer ◽

Bandgap Energy ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Polycrystalline Thin Films ◽

Cds Thin Film ◽

Cds Thin Films ◽

Evaporation Technique

Polycrystalline thin films of Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) have been extensively studied for application as a window layer in CdTe/CdS and CIGS/CdS thin film solar cells. Higher efficiency of solar cells is possible by a better conductivity of a window layer, which can be achieved by doping these films with suitable elements. CdS thin films were deposited on properly cleaned glass substrate by thermal evaporation technique under vacuum2×10-5mbar. Films were structurally characterized by using X-ray diffraction. The X-ray diffraction spectra showed that the thin films were polycrystalline in nature. Aluminum was doped chemically in as deposited and annealed thin films by immersing films in AlNO33.9H2O solutions respectively. Comparison between the effects of different doping ratios on the structural and optical properties of the films was investigated. Higher doping ratios have improved the electrical properties by decreasing the resistivity of the films and slightly changed the bandgap energy Eg. The grain size, strain, and dislocation density were calculated for as-deposited and annealed films.

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