Possible Extensions of XIA'S Digital Spectrometer Technology to Portable and Remote Monitoring Instrumentation

1997 ◽  
Vol 487 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. K. Warburton ◽  
D. A. Darknell ◽  
B. Hubbard-Nelson
Keyword(s):  
User Interfaces ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Remote Access ◽  
High Count ◽  
Strong Basis ◽  
Detector Arrays ◽  
Digitally Controlled ◽  
Digital Spectrometer ◽  
Remote Spectrometry ◽  
Very High

AbstractThe XIA DXP-4C is a 4 channel, CAMAC based, x-ray spectrometer which digitally processes directly digitized preamplifier signals. The DXP-4C was designed for instrumenting multi-detector arrays for synchrotron radiation applications, and optimized for very high count rates at a low cost per detector channel. This produced a very compact and low power (3.4 W/channel) instrument for its count rate and MCA capabilities, which thus provides a strong basis for portable applications. Because all functions are digitally controlled, it can be readily adapted to various user interfaces, including remote access interfaces. Here we describe the design and examine approaches to lowering its power to 50 mW/channel. We then consider the issues in applying it to three typical portable or remote spectrometry applications.

scholarly journals Electronic Ventilator for COVID-19 Patient treatment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Meraj ◽  
Atif Iqbal ◽  
Nasser MA Emadi ◽  
Prathap Reddy Bhimireddy ◽  
Chowdhary Muhammad Enamul Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Control Process ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Hospital Nurses ◽  
Semiconductor Switches ◽  
Digitally Controlled ◽  
And Control ◽  
University Laboratory ◽  
Very High

In response to expected shortages of ventilators caused by COVID-19 pandemic, globally many organizations and institutes have developed low cost and high rate production ventilators. Many of these ventilators are mechanical type and pneumatic type which are easy to produce but do not have all the necessary control parameters and their options as per the patient requirements. Furthermore, their failure rate is very high and computer interfacing and control is difficult. To address all the drawbacks of the available ventilator, power electronic motor drive based digitally controlled ventilator is designed, developed and tested in the Qatar University Laboratory. It consists of semiconductor switches based inverter driven by the microcontroller to run the BLDC (brushless direct current) motor. All the parameters such as pressure, rate of flow and volume required is successfully tuned and trained to the microcontroller. As per the patient requirement, it can deliver the required amount of the oxygen into the patient’s body and similarly removes the exhaling air from inside. As all the control process is happening by the microcontroller, all the safety, sound and valves can be easily integrated to reduce the risk for the patient. Minimal number of access control buttons are provided to use the developed ventilator so that it can be easily used by all kinds of hospital nurses.

Scanning Electron Microscopy at a Distance: A Nuts-and-Bolts Discussion

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
pp. 528-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Remote Access ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Desktop Computer ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
Desktop Computers ◽  
Digitally Controlled ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Scanning Electron

Not everyone can afford to own and operate a scanning electron microscope. Everyone can, however, access images and instruments in a variety of ways, depending on the objective. Remote access capability is a result of recent developments in desktop computers, software, and the World Wide Web. Some of these developments and some suggestions for future resource development will be reviewed here.With the arrival of commercially available, digitally controlled SEMs in the 1980s, it became possible to control microscope operation with a desktop computer and the appropriate software. By connecting a desktop computer to the microscope via the Internet or dedicated data lines such as ATMs, remote control of microscopes became a reality. Although analog microscopes are not as readily controllable over the Internet, their video data stream is easily captured, digitized, and dispatched to remote observers using low-cost consumer video conferencing programs. These approaches enable users at one location to observe their samples in a microscope located elsewhere. However, transfer rates over the Internet fluctuate wildly depending on network traffic, at times making remote access or control almost impossible. Dedicated data lines ensure a relatively stable transfer rate, but at a significantly higher cost.

scholarly journals Single web camera robust interactive eye-gaze tracking method

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 879-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Wojciechowski ◽  
K. Fornalczyk
Keyword(s):  
User Interfaces ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Small Companies ◽  
Gaze Tracking ◽  
Tracking Method ◽  
Point Of Interest ◽  
Web Camera ◽  
Very High

Abstract Eye-gaze tracking is an aspect of human-computer interaction still growing in popularity,. Tracking human gaze point can help control user interfaces and may help evaluate graphical user interfaces. At the same time professional eye-trackers are very expensive and thus unavailable for most of user interface researchers and small companies. The paper presents very effective, low cost, computer vision based, interactive eye-gaze tracking method. On contrary to other authors results the method achieves very high precision (about 1.5 deg horizontally and 2.5 deg vertically) at 20 fps performance, exploiting a simple HD web camera with reasonable environment restrictions. The paper describes the algorithms used in the eye-gaze tracking method and results of experimental tests, both static absolute point of interest estimation, and dynamic functional gaze controlled cursor steering.

Decomposition of the metastable beta titanium alloy Ti-15-3

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 264-265
Author(s):  
Y. L. Chen ◽  
S. Fujlshiro
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Alpha Phase ◽  
Thick Sheet ◽  
Omega Phase ◽  
Beta Titanium Alloy ◽  
Beta Titanium ◽  
Beta Matrix ◽  
Metastable Beta ◽  
Very High

Metastable beta titanium alloys have been known to have numerous advantages such as cold formability, high strength, good fracture resistance, deep hardenability, and cost effectiveness. Very high strength is obtainable by precipitation of the hexagonal alpha phase in a bcc beta matrix in these alloys. Precipitation hardening in the metastable beta alloys may also result from the formation of transition phases such as omega phase. Ti-15-3 (Ti-15V- 3Cr-3Al-3Sn) has been developed recently by TIMET and USAF for low cost sheet metal applications. The purpose of the present study was to examine the aging characteristics in this alloy.The composition of the as-received material is: 14.7 V, 3.14 Cr, 3.05 Al, 2.26 Sn, and 0.145 Fe. The beta transus temperature as determined by optical metallographic method was about 770°C. Specimen coupons were prepared from a mill-annealed 1.2 mm thick sheet, and solution treated at 827°C for 2 hr in argon, then water quenched. Aging was also done in argon at temperatures ranging from 316 to 616°C for various times.

Review on Switches for Power Applications: Macro to Micro

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-209
Author(s):  
Femi Robert
Keyword(s):  
Leakage Current ◽  
Power Loss ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrical System ◽  
High Isolation ◽  
Fast Switching ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
State Resistance ◽  
Very High ◽  
Bulk Production

Background: Switches are important component in electrical system. The switches needs to have the advantages of low ON-state resistance, very high OFF-state resistance, high isolation, no leakage current, less power loss, fast switching, high linearity, small size, arcless and low cost in bulk production. Also these switches have to be reliable and environmental friendly. Methods: In this paper, macro and microswitches for power applications are extensively reviewed and summarized. Various types of switches such as mechanical, solid-state, hybrid and micromechanical switches have been used for power applications are reviewed. The importance and challenge in achieving arcless switching is presented. Results: The use of micromechanical switches for power applications, actuation techniques, switching modes, reliability and lifetime are also reviewed. The modeling and design challenges are also reviewed. Conclusion: The applications of micromechanical switches shows that the switches can reduce the leakage current in battery operated systems and reduce the size of the system considerably.

scholarly journals Implementation of a Six-Layer Smart Factory Architecture with Special Focus on Transdisciplinary Engineering Education

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 2944
Author(s):  
Benjamin James Ralph ◽  
Marcel Sorger ◽  
Benjamin Schödinger ◽  
Hans-Jörg Schmölzer ◽  
Karin Hartl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Programming Environments ◽  
Metal Processing

Smart factories are an integral element of the manufacturing infrastructure in the context of the fourth industrial revolution. Nevertheless, there is frequently a deficiency of adequate training facilities for future engineering experts in the academic environment. For this reason, this paper describes the development and implementation of two different layer architectures for the metal processing environment. The first architecture is based on low-cost but resilient devices, allowing interested parties to work with mostly open-source interfaces and standard back-end programming environments. Additionally, one proprietary and two open-source graphical user interfaces (GUIs) were developed. Those interfaces can be adapted front-end as well as back-end, ensuring a holistic comprehension of their capabilities and limits. As a result, a six-layer architecture, from digitization to an interactive project management tool, was designed and implemented in the practical workflow at the academic institution. To take the complexity of thermo-mechanical processing in the metal processing field into account, an alternative layer, connected with the thermo-mechanical treatment simulator Gleeble 3800, was designed. This framework is capable of transferring sensor data with high frequency, enabling data collection for the numerical simulation of complex material behavior under high temperature processing. Finally, the possibility of connecting both systems by using open-source software packages is demonstrated.

scholarly journals High spatial resolution photo mosaicking for the monitoring of coralligenous reefs

Coral Reefs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Casoli ◽  
D. Ventura ◽  
G. Mancini ◽  
D. S. Pace ◽  
A. Belluscio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pixel Resolution ◽  
Recording Apparatus ◽  
Assemblage Composition ◽  
Very High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Vertical Walls ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Very High

AbstractCoralligenous reefs are characterized by large bathymetric and spatial distribution, as well as heterogeneity; in shallow environments, they develop mainly on vertical and sub-vertical rocky walls. Mainly diver-based techniques are carried out to gain detailed information on such habitats. Here, we propose a non-destructive and multi-purpose photo mosaicking method to study and monitor coralligenous reefs developing on vertical walls. High-pixel resolution images using three different commercial cameras were acquired on a 10 m2 reef, to compare the effectiveness of photomosaic method to the traditional photoquadrats technique in quantifying the coralligenous assemblage. Results showed very high spatial resolution and accuracy among the photomosaic acquired with different cameras and no significant differences with photoquadrats in assessing the assemblage composition. Despite the large difference in costs of each recording apparatus, little differences emerged from the assemblage characterization: through the analysis of the three photomosaics twelve taxa/morphological categories covered 97–99% of the sampled surface. Photo mosaicking represents a low-cost method that minimizes the time spent underwater by divers and capable of providing new opportunities for further studies on shallow coralligenous reefs.

Beyond Smart Grid: Alternatives for Transmission and Low-Cost Firming Storage of Stranded Renewables as Hydrogen and Ammonia Fuels via Underground Pipelines

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Leighty ◽  
John H. Holbrook
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Large Solution ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
Underground Pipelines ◽  
The World ◽  
Integration Problem ◽  
Salt Caverns ◽  
Annual Scale ◽  
Very High

We must soon “run the world on renewables” but cannot, and should not try to, accomplish this entirely with electricity transmission. We need to supply all energy, not just electricity, from diverse renewable energy (RE) resources, both distributed and centralized, where the world’s richest RE resources — of large geographic extent and high intensity — are stranded: far from end-users with inadequate or nonexistent gathering and transmission systems to deliver the energy. Electricity energy storage cannot affordably firm large, intermittent renewables at annual scale, while carbon-free gaseous hydrogen (GH2) and liquid anhydrous ammonia (NH3) fuels can: GH2 in large solution-mined salt caverns, NH3 in surface tanks, both pressurized and refrigerated. “Smart Grid” is emerging as primarily a DSM (demand side management) strategy to encourage energy conservation. Making the electricity grid “smarter” does not: 1. Increase physical transmission capacity; 2. Provide affordable annual-scale firming storage for RE; 3. Solve grid integration problem for large, time-varying RE; 4. Alleviate NIMBY objections to new transmission siting; 5. Reduce the high O&M costs of overhead electric lines. The “smarter” grid may be more vulnerable to cyberattack. Adding storage, control, and quality adjunct devices to the electricity grid, to accommodate very high renewables content, may be technically and economically inferior to GH2 and NH3 RE systems. Thus, we need to look beyond “smart grid”, expanding our concept of “transmission”, to synergistically and simultaneously solve the transmission, firming storage, and RE integration “balancing” problems now severely constraining our progress toward “running the world on renewables”.

A practical automatic patching system for a time-shared hybrid computer

SIMULATION ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-148
Author(s):  
Jerry F. Shoup ◽  
William S. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Analog Computer ◽  
Remote Access ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Time Sharing ◽  
System A ◽  
Digitally Controlled ◽  
Hybrid Computer

This paper describes a digitally controlled MOSFET switching array capable of programming a module of 37 analog computer components for a hybrid compu ter system. Using the patching scheme to program the analog portion of a hybrid computer has allowed full time-sharing of the system. A time- sharing monitor has been developed allowing remote access to the system.

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