scholarly journals Electronic Ventilator for COVID-19 Patient treatment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Meraj ◽  
Atif Iqbal ◽  
Nasser MA Emadi ◽  
Prathap Reddy Bhimireddy ◽  
Chowdhary Muhammad Enamul Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Control Process ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Hospital Nurses ◽  
Semiconductor Switches ◽  
Digitally Controlled ◽  
And Control ◽  
University Laboratory ◽  
Very High

In response to expected shortages of ventilators caused by COVID-19 pandemic, globally many organizations and institutes have developed low cost and high rate production ventilators. Many of these ventilators are mechanical type and pneumatic type which are easy to produce but do not have all the necessary control parameters and their options as per the patient requirements. Furthermore, their failure rate is very high and computer interfacing and control is difficult. To address all the drawbacks of the available ventilator, power electronic motor drive based digitally controlled ventilator is designed, developed and tested in the Qatar University Laboratory. It consists of semiconductor switches based inverter driven by the microcontroller to run the BLDC (brushless direct current) motor. All the parameters such as pressure, rate of flow and volume required is successfully tuned and trained to the microcontroller. As per the patient requirement, it can deliver the required amount of the oxygen into the patient’s body and similarly removes the exhaling air from inside. As all the control process is happening by the microcontroller, all the safety, sound and valves can be easily integrated to reduce the risk for the patient. Minimal number of access control buttons are provided to use the developed ventilator so that it can be easily used by all kinds of hospital nurses.

Toxoplasmosis in humans and animals in Brazil: high prevalence, high burden of disease, and epidemiology

Parasitology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 139 (11) ◽  
pp. 1375-1424 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. DUBEY ◽  
E. G. LAGO ◽  
S. M. GENNARI ◽  
C. SU ◽  
J. L. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Brazilian Government ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
And Control ◽  
Very High

SUMMARYInfections by the protozoan parasiteToxoplasma gondiiare widely prevalent in humans and animals in Brazil. The burden of clinical toxoplasmosis in humans is considered to be very high. The high prevalence and encouragement of the Brazilian Government provides a unique opportunity for international groups to study the epidemiology and control of toxoplasmosis in Brazil. Many early papers on toxoplasmosis in Brazil were published in Portuguese and often not available to scientists in English-speaking countries. In the present paper we review prevalence, clinical spectrum, molecular epidemiology, and control ofT. gondiiin humans and animals in Brazil. This knowledge should be useful to biologists, public health workers, veterinarians, and physicians. Brazil has a very high rate ofT. gondiiinfection in humans. Up to 50% of elementary school children and 50–80% of women of child-bearing age have antibodies toT. gondii. The risks for uninfected women to acquire toxoplasmosis during pregnancy and fetal transmission are high because the environment is highly contaminated with oocysts. The burden of toxoplasmosis in congenitally infected children is also very high. From limited data on screening of infants forT. gondiiIgM at birth, 5–23 children are born infected per 10 000 live births in Brazil. Based on an estimate of 1 infected child per 1000 births, 2649 children with congenital toxoplasmosis are likely to be born annually in Brazil. Most of these infected children are likely to develop symptoms or signs of clinical toxoplasmosis. Among the congenitally infected children whose clinical data are described in this review, several died soon after birth, 35% had neurological disease including hydrocephalus, microcephaly and mental retardation, 80% had ocular lesions, and in one report 40% of children had hearing loss. The severity of clinical toxoplasmosis in Brazilian children may be associated with the genetic characteristics ofT. gondiiisolates prevailing in animals and humans in Brazil.

scholarly journals Conservation of Energy using Object Detection Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Keyword(s):  
Object Detection ◽  
Classroom Environment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Night Vision ◽  
Conservation Of Energy ◽  
Detection Model ◽  
Manual Intervention ◽  
Medium Quality ◽  
And Control ◽  
Very High

Energy conservation has become a vital responsibility for every citizen. Considering classroom environment, electric appliances like fans and lights are usually unmonitored while students leave. It leads to the wastage of electricity. To save electricity, conventionally, sensors can be deployed to detect the presence / absence of person in the classroom and control electric appliances based on its trigger. Since (low-cost) sensors have reliability issues with shorter life span, it can't be used effectively. On the other hand, if costly (high precision and reliability) sensors were used to detect persons, deploying it in each and every classroom is not practicable due to very high initial investment. Here, this paper's approach is to use a medium quality, low cost night vision webcamera to detect persons inside classroom using YOLOv3 Object detection model built on top on TensorFlow framework. Computational capabilities for processing webcam footage is provided by PCs inside each and every classroom. (Assumption: Each and every classroom has a dedicated PC for sharing powerpoint slides) Switch board is configured with relays, which are connected in parallel to normal switches to allow manual intervention. Relays are controlled by Wi-Fi enabled microcontrollers like NodeMCU. Communication is made possible between NodeMCU and PC via LAN. By this means, a huge amount of electricity can be saved with least deployment cost.

Possible Extensions of XIA'S Digital Spectrometer Technology to Portable and Remote Monitoring Instrumentation

1997 ◽  
Vol 487 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. K. Warburton ◽  
D. A. Darknell ◽  
B. Hubbard-Nelson
Keyword(s):  
User Interfaces ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Remote Access ◽  
High Count ◽  
Strong Basis ◽  
Detector Arrays ◽  
Digitally Controlled ◽  
Digital Spectrometer ◽  
Remote Spectrometry ◽  
Very High

AbstractThe XIA DXP-4C is a 4 channel, CAMAC based, x-ray spectrometer which digitally processes directly digitized preamplifier signals. The DXP-4C was designed for instrumenting multi-detector arrays for synchrotron radiation applications, and optimized for very high count rates at a low cost per detector channel. This produced a very compact and low power (3.4 W/channel) instrument for its count rate and MCA capabilities, which thus provides a strong basis for portable applications. Because all functions are digitally controlled, it can be readily adapted to various user interfaces, including remote access interfaces. Here we describe the design and examine approaches to lowering its power to 50 mW/channel. We then consider the issues in applying it to three typical portable or remote spectrometry applications.

scholarly journals Systematic review of hypertension prevalence and awareness in Sub-Saharan Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eléazar Ndabarora ◽  
Clemence Nishimwe ◽  
Dariya Mukamusoni
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
High Rate ◽  
African Countries ◽  
High Increase ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
And Control ◽  
Very High

Several studies have reported high prevalence of hypertension in Africa, but little is known on awareness and determinants of preventive measures uptake. The purpose of the review was to identify and review the studies which reported at the same time on the prevalence of hypertension and awareness among the participants in sub-Saharan Africa, and to recommend needed research studies and interventions to prevent and control hypertension increase. High prevalence of hypertension was found across sub-Saharan African countries. The increasing hypertension rate moved from 19.7% in 1990 to 30.8% in 2010, with very high increase in some sub-regions up to 77%. A low awareness was found, less than 50% and in some place less than 10%. Also a high rate of hypertensive patients who were not on treatment was found. There is a very increasing prevalence of hypertension and unawareness in sub-Saharan Africa. There is also a high rate of hypertensive patients who are not on treatment.  Studies and interventions aiming at understanding determinants of hypertension screening and treatment uptake are much recommended.

scholarly journals Sensor Node Network for Remote Moisture Measurement in Timber Based on Bluetooth Low Energy and Web-Based Monitoring System

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 491
Author(s):  
Mohamed Saban ◽  
Leandro Daniel Medus ◽  
Silvia Casans ◽  
Otman Aghzout ◽  
Alfredo Rosado
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Remote Visualization ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Digitally Controlled ◽  
Node Network ◽  
Moisture Content Measurement ◽  
And Control

This paper proposes an IoT system based on wireless BLE connectivity to monitor the moisture content of wood, using a compact and low-cost moisture device that relies on a resistance measurement method valid for an ultra-wide range of resistance values. This device is digitally controlled with a BLE-incorporated micro-controller characterized by its small size and low power consumption, providing long-life battery. The proposed system consists of two main parts: first, the BLE moisture device including the moisture content measurement and wireless capability (BLE); second, the cloud-based monitoring platform, providing remote visualization and control for all the sensor nodes of the network. The complete infrastructure shows how multiple nodes can read and transmit moisture content of timber in buildings using small and unattended devices, with data saved in a central database and monitored by multiple commercial devices such as PC, smartphone, tablet, etc. The proposed system is innovative, scalable and low cost, and it can be deployed in wooden buildings and the wood industry, providing a practical solution that will help to avoid rot and other damaging effects caused by the moisture content.

Decomposition of the metastable beta titanium alloy Ti-15-3

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 264-265
Author(s):  
Y. L. Chen ◽  
S. Fujlshiro
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Alpha Phase ◽  
Thick Sheet ◽  
Omega Phase ◽  
Beta Titanium Alloy ◽  
Beta Titanium ◽  
Beta Matrix ◽  
Metastable Beta ◽  
Very High

Metastable beta titanium alloys have been known to have numerous advantages such as cold formability, high strength, good fracture resistance, deep hardenability, and cost effectiveness. Very high strength is obtainable by precipitation of the hexagonal alpha phase in a bcc beta matrix in these alloys. Precipitation hardening in the metastable beta alloys may also result from the formation of transition phases such as omega phase. Ti-15-3 (Ti-15V- 3Cr-3Al-3Sn) has been developed recently by TIMET and USAF for low cost sheet metal applications. The purpose of the present study was to examine the aging characteristics in this alloy.The composition of the as-received material is: 14.7 V, 3.14 Cr, 3.05 Al, 2.26 Sn, and 0.145 Fe. The beta transus temperature as determined by optical metallographic method was about 770°C. Specimen coupons were prepared from a mill-annealed 1.2 mm thick sheet, and solution treated at 827°C for 2 hr in argon, then water quenched. Aging was also done in argon at temperatures ranging from 316 to 616°C for various times.

Identificación de polaridad de los devanados en un motor trifásico de 6 terminales

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
José Luis Viramontes-Reyna ◽  
Josafat Moreno-Silva ◽  
José Guadalupe Montelongo-Sierra ◽  
Erasmo Velazquez-Leyva
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Voltage Reference ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Voltage Phase ◽  
The Law ◽  
And Control

This document presents the results obtained from the application of the law of Lens to correctly identify the polarity of the windings in a three-phase motor with 6 exposed terminals, when the corresponding labeling is not in any situation; Prior to identifying the polarity, it should be considered to have the pairs of the three windings located. For the polarity, it is proposed to feed with a voltage of 12 Vrms to one of the windings, which are identified randomly as W1 and W2, where W1 is connected to the voltage phase of 12 Vrms of the signal and W2 to the voltage reference to 0V; by means of voltage induction and considering the law of Lens, the remaining 4 terminals can be identified and labeled as V1, V2, U1 and U2. For this process a microcontroller and control elements with low cost are used.

Restoring and Controlling the Water Pollution of Endangered River in Bangladesh: A Case Study in Pabna City

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-81
Author(s):  
Abu Sadath ◽  
Farhana Afroz ◽  
Hosne Ara ◽  
Abdulla-Al Kafy
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Local Community ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Conservation Plan ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
And Control ◽  
Riverfront Development

Rivers are the lifeline of Bangladesh economy and serve as the source of water supply, fisheries, irrigation for agriculture, low-cost transport, generate electricity and conserve biodiversity. The Ichamati River situated in Pabna, Bangladesh is also a blessing for the city. However, recently, due to the irregular and unplanned activities adjacent to the riverside, the life, flow and water quality of the river is in a vulnerable condition. This study aims to identify the present status of the Ichamati River and provide an effective design approach and policy measures in restoring the river flow and control water pollution. The data was collected from the questioner surveys, key informant interviews and focus group discussions. Results suggest that several factors such as the construction of an illegal settlement, unplanned waste dumping, disposal of fiscal sludge through sewerage connection, lack of awareness among people regarding the importance of river biodiversity and absence of riverfront development and conservation plan are responsible for water pollution, inconsistent water flow and damaging the life cycle of Ichamati river. The design approach and policy measures were developed based on the perceptions of local community people, experts and government officials. The suggested policy measures will help to restore the flow of the river and reduce the water pollution, and the design approach will ensure the economic benefit of the riverfront development in future.

Moxifloxacin Based Triple Therapy as Alternative to Standard Therapy in Helicobacter Pylori Eradication.

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Hussien Ahmed ◽  
Sherief Abd-Elsalam ◽  
Aya Mohammed Mahrous
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Triple Therapy ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori Eradication ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Group A ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Group B

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori eradication remains a problematic issue. We are in an urgent need for finding a treatment regimen that achieves eradication at a low cost and less side effect. Recent published results showing a high rate of resistance and with clarithromycin-based treatment regimens. The aim of the study was to compare moxifloxacin therapy and classic clarithromycin triple therapy in H. pylori eradication. Methods: This was a pilot study that enrolled 60 patients with helicobacter pylori associated gastritis. Diagnosis was done by assessment of H. pylori Ag in the stool. The patients were randomly assigned to receive either moxifloxacin based therapy (Group A), or clarithromycin based therapy (Group B) for two weeks. We stopped the treatment for another two weeks then reevaluation for cure was done. Results: 90 % of patients had negative H. pylori Ag in the stool after 2 weeks of stoppage of the treatment in group A versus 66.7 % in Group B. None of the patients in both groups had major side effects. Conclusion: Moxifloxacin-based therapy showed higher eradication power and less resistance when compared to clarithromycin triple therapy.

Review on Switches for Power Applications: Macro to Micro

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-209
Author(s):  
Femi Robert
Keyword(s):  
Leakage Current ◽  
Power Loss ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrical System ◽  
High Isolation ◽  
Fast Switching ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
State Resistance ◽  
Very High ◽  
Bulk Production

Background: Switches are important component in electrical system. The switches needs to have the advantages of low ON-state resistance, very high OFF-state resistance, high isolation, no leakage current, less power loss, fast switching, high linearity, small size, arcless and low cost in bulk production. Also these switches have to be reliable and environmental friendly. Methods: In this paper, macro and microswitches for power applications are extensively reviewed and summarized. Various types of switches such as mechanical, solid-state, hybrid and micromechanical switches have been used for power applications are reviewed. The importance and challenge in achieving arcless switching is presented. Results: The use of micromechanical switches for power applications, actuation techniques, switching modes, reliability and lifetime are also reviewed. The modeling and design challenges are also reviewed. Conclusion: The applications of micromechanical switches shows that the switches can reduce the leakage current in battery operated systems and reduce the size of the system considerably.

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