Lead telluride-based far-infrared photodetectors – a promising alternative to doped Si and Ge

2001 ◽  
Vol 692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Dolzhenko ◽  
Ivan Ivanchik ◽  
Dmitriy Khokhlov
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Lead Telluride ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Photon Radiation ◽  
Submillimeter Wavelength ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Physical Features ◽  
Fast Quenching ◽  
Physical Principles

AbstractDoping of the lead telluride and related alloys with the group III impurities results in appearance of unique physical features of the material, such as persistent photoresponse, enhanced responsive quantum efficiency (up to 100 photoelectrons/incident photon), radiation hardness and many others. We review physical principles of operation of the photodetecting devices based on the group III-doped IV-VI including possibilities of fast quenching of the persistent photoresponse, construction of a focal-plane array, new readout technique, and others. Comparison of performance of the state of the art Ge(Ga) and Si(Sb) photodetectors with their lead telluride-based analogs shows that the responsivity of PbSnTe(In) photodetectors is by several orders of magnitude higher. High photoresponse is detected at the wavelength 116 micrometers in PbSnTe(In), and it is possible that the photoconductivity spectrum covers all the submillimeter wavelength range.

DOPED LEAD TELLURIDE-BASED SEMICONDUCTORS: NEW POSSIBILITIES FOR DETECTION OF TERAHERZ RADIATION

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 2223-2245 ◽  
Author(s):  
DMITRIY KHOKHLOV
Keyword(s):  
Wavelength Range ◽  
Focal Plane ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Lead Telluride ◽  
Photon Radiation ◽  
Submillimeter Wavelength ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Physical Features ◽  
Fast Quenching ◽  
Physical Principles

Doping of the lead telluride and related alloys with the group III impurities results in the appearance of unique physical features of the material, such as persistent photoresponse, enhanced responsive quantum efficiency (up to 100 photoelectrons/incident photon), radiation hardness and many others. We review physical principles of operation of the photodetecting devices based on the group III doped IV–VI including possibilities of fast quenching of the persistent photoresponse, construction of a focal-plane array, new readout technique, and others. Comparison of performance of the state of the art Ge ( Ga ) and Si ( Sb ) photodetectors with their lead telluride based analogs shows that the responsivity of PbSnTe ( In ) photodetectors is by several orders of magnitude higher. High photoresponse is detected at the wavelength of 241 μm in PbSnTe ( In ), and it is possible that the photoconductivity spectrum covers all the submillimeter wavelength range.

New Type of ir Photodectors Based on Lead Telluride and Related Alloys

1997 ◽  
Vol 484 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Khokhlov
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Efficiency ◽  
Focal Plane ◽  
Lead Telluride ◽  
Radiation Hardness ◽  
Photon Radiation ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
New Type ◽  
Physical Features ◽  
Fast Quenching ◽  
Physical Principles

AbstractDoping of the lead telluride and related alloys with the group III impurities results in an appearance of the unique physical features of a material, such as such as persistent photoresponse, enhanced responsive quantum efficiency (up to 100 photoelectrons/incident photon), radiation hardness and many others. We review the physical principles of operation of the photodetecting devices based on the group ifi-doped IV-VI including the possibilities of a fast quenching of the persistent photoresponse, construction of the focal-plane array, new readout technique, and others. The advantages of infrared photodetecting systems based on the group IIIdoped IV-VI in comparison with the modem photodetectors are summarized.

High-Performance Lead Telluride-Based Photodetectors

1994 ◽  
Vol 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris A. Akimov ◽  
Dmitriy R. Khokhlov
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Lead Telluride ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Signal Integration ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
New Class ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
Nonequilibrium States

AbstractWe present the new class of the far infrared photodetectors based on the lead-tin tellurides doped with the group III impurities. The persistent photoconductivity effect appearing in these materials provides an internal signal integration resulting in a considerable increase in the signal-to-noise ratio. The techniques of the photomemory quenching are discussed. In some regime of quenching the effect of giant quantum efficiency stimulation has been observed. The possibility of generation of the photoinduced spatially nonequilibrium states provides the physical evidence for the construction of an integrating “continuous” focal-plane array based on Pb1−xSnxTe(In).

scholarly journals Magnetic Polymers for Magnetophoretic Separation in Microfluidic Devices

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Lucie Descamps ◽  
Damien Le Roy ◽  
Caterina Tomba ◽  
Anne-laure Deman
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Magnetic Composite ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Magnetic Forces ◽  
Field Gradients ◽  
Composite Polymers ◽  
Magnetophoretic Separation ◽  
Fabrication Costs

Magnetophoresis offers many advantages for manipulating magnetic targets in microsystems. The integration of micro-flux concentrators and micro-magnets allows achieving large field gradients and therefore large reachable magnetic forces. However, the associated fabrication techniques are often complex and costly, and besides, they put specific constraints on the geometries. Magnetic composite polymers provide a promising alternative in terms of simplicity and fabrication costs, and they open new perspectives for the microstructuring, design, and integration of magnetic functions. In this review, we propose a state of the art of research works implementing magnetic polymers to trap or sort magnetic micro-beads or magnetically labeled cells in microfluidic devices.

scholarly journals Predicting FIR lines from simulated galaxies

2020 ◽  
Vol 496 (4) ◽  
pp. 5160-5175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Lupi ◽  
Andrea Pallottini ◽  
Andrea Ferrara ◽  
Stefano Bovino ◽  
Stefano Carniani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
High Redshift ◽  
Line Emission ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Emission Lines ◽  
Cosmological Simulations ◽  
High Redshift Galaxies ◽  
Emission Models ◽  
Excellent Tool ◽  
Non Equilibrium

ABSTRACT Far-infrared (FIR) emission lines are a powerful tool to investigate the properties of the interstellar medium, especially in high-redshift galaxies, where ALMA observations have provided unprecedented information. Interpreting such data with state-of-the-art cosmological simulations post-processed with cloudy, has provided insights on the internal structure and gas dynamics of these systems. However, no detailed investigation of the consistency and uncertainties of this kind of analysis has been performed to date. Here, we compare different approaches to estimate FIR line emission from state-of-the-art cosmological simulations, either with cloudy or with on-the-fly non-equilibrium chemistry. We find that [C ii]158μ predictions are robust to the model variations we explored. [O i] emission lines, that typically trace colder and denser gas relative to [C ii]158μ, are instead model dependent, as these lines are strongly affected by the thermodynamic state of the gas and non-equilibrium photoionization effects. For the same reasons, [O i] lines represent an excellent tool to constrain emission models, hence future observations targeting these lines will be crucial.

Performance and Spectral Response of Far-Infrared Pb1−xSnxTe(In) Photodetectors

1999 ◽  
Vol 607 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Ivanchik ◽  
D. Khokilov ◽  
J. Pipher ◽  
N. Raines ◽  
D. Watson
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Spectral Response ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Integration Time ◽  
First Time

AbstractDirect comparison of performance has been done for a Pb1−xSnxTe(In) photodetector, a Si(Sb) BIB structure and a state of the art Ge(Ga) photoconductor in the integration cavity. The PblSnTe(In) photodetector shows several orders of magnitude higher responsivity S, then the Si(Sb) BIB at the wavelength λ ∼ 14 µm. Persistent photoresponse with SI ∼ 103 A/W at 40 mV bias and 1 s integration time at the wavelengths of, λ = 90 and 116 µm has been observed for the first time for the Pb1−xSnxTe(In) photodetector. This value is by a factor of ∼ 100 higher than the respective parameters of the Ge(Ga) photoconductor in the same conditions.

scholarly journals FRP REINFORCEMENT FOR CONCRETE STRUCTURES: STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW OF APPLICATION AND DESIGN

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 147-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenijus Gudonis ◽  
Edgaras Timinskas ◽  
Viktor Gribniak ◽  
Gintaris Kaklauskas ◽  
Aleksandr K. Arnautov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Structural Engineering ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Frp Composites ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Concrete Elements

Fiber reinforced polymers (FRPs) are considered to be a promising alternative to steel reinforcement, especially in concrete structures subjected to an aggressive environment or to the effects of electromagnetic fields. Although attempts to develop effective reinforcement have been followed, the application of FRPs remains limited by the solution to simple structural problems that mainly appear due to the absence of design codes, significant variation in the material properties of FRP composites and limited knowledge gained by engineers as regards the application aspects of FRP composites and structural mechanics of concrete elements reinforced with FRPs. To fill the latter gap, the current state-of-the-art report is dedicated to present recent achievements in FRPs applying practice to a broad engineers’ community. The report also revises the manufacturing process, material properties, the application area and design peculiarities of concrete elements reinforced with FRP composites. Along the focus on internal reinforcement, the paper overviews recent practices of applying FRP reinforced concrete (RC) elements in structural engineering. The review highlights the main problems restricting the application of FRPs in building industry and reveals the problematic issues (related to the material properties of the FRP) important for designing RC following the formulation of targets for further research.

scholarly journals Bounds on the power of proofs and advice in general physical theories

2016 ◽  
Vol 472 (2190) ◽  
pp. 20160076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciarán M. Lee ◽  
Matty J. Hoban
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Quantum Structure ◽  
Interactive Proof ◽  
Interactive Proof Systems ◽  
Proof Systems ◽  
Local Measurements ◽  
General Physical ◽  
Adjoint Operators ◽  
Physical Features ◽  
Physical Principles

Quantum theory presents us with the tools for computational and communication advantages over classical theory. One approach to uncovering the source of these advantages is to determine how computation and communication power vary as quantum theory is replaced by other operationally defined theories from a broad framework of such theories. Such investigations may reveal some of the key physical features required for powerful computation and communication. In this paper, we investigate how simple physical principles bound the power of two different computational paradigms which combine computation and communication in a non-trivial fashion: computation with advice and interactive proof systems. We show that the existence of non-trivial dynamics in a theory implies a bound on the power of computation with advice. Moreover, we provide an explicit example of a theory with no non-trivial dynamics in which the power of computation with advice is unbounded. Finally, we show that the power of simple interactive proof systems in theories where local measurements suffice for tomography is non-trivially bounded. This result provides a proof that Q M A is contained in P P , which does not make use of any uniquely quantum structure—such as the fact that observables correspond to self-adjoint operators—and thus may be of independent interest.

Far-infrared high-performance lead telluride-based photodetectors for spaceborne applications

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitriy R. Khokhlov ◽  
Sergei S. Chesnokov ◽  
Dmitriy Dolzhenko ◽  
Ivan I. Ivanchik
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Lead Telluride ◽  
Far Infrared
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