scholarly journals Materials Manufacturing

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Eagar
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
New Products ◽  
The United States ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
New Material ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Cost

The behavior of successful manufacturing companies has changed in response to the accelerating pace of technological development in recent years. Manufacturing firms are under greater pressure than ever to bring new products and processes to market rapidly, with lower costs and higher quality than achieved in the past. In addition, the establishment of a global economy no longer dominated solely by the United States has required firms to expand their outlooks and horizons. Successful firms must take a multinational view, understanding and serving local customer needs while maintaining the efficiency of a global enterprise. This requires greater flexibility in manufacturing and distributing new products.As the business environment for materials manufacturing changes, so too does our measure of materials performance. Traditionally, materials scientists and engineers have emphasized processing, structure and properties, and the way they come together to produce performance of a product in a given application. However, as shown by Figure 1, there are several additional dimensions to performance. In particular, successful commercial performance depends not only on the physical properties of the material but also on our ability to shape it into a useful object in an economical and timely manner. Without shape, the product cannot serve its intended function, and without economical production, the product's usefulness is limited to fewer, higher value applications. Achieving more rapid and more consistent commercial success from advanced materials requires emphasizing not only the process by which the material is made but the process by which the material achieves its geometry and function, while at the same time maintaining the ability to bring these materials to market rapidly at an economical price. Indeed, the cost delay in commercializing a new material can be the key to success or failure.

scholarly journals The U.S.-China technological war through the prism of techno-nationalism

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-43
Author(s):  
I. Danilin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Market Situation ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Rise Of China ◽  
The Rise Of China ◽  
The U.S

The “technological war” between the United States and China that started in 2017–2018 raises a number of questions about the future role of technological development as a factor in relations between superpowers. Analysis shows that for the United States this conflict is caused by changing balance of risks and benefits of the liberal model of globalization due to the rise of China`s power and growing geopolitical tensions between the two nations. In this context, emerging, especially digital, technologies appear to be a new battlefield between superpowers. Within the realist framework, actors consider emerging technologies as a key factor for strengthening their global postures. This, among other things, contributes to securitized technological agenda and strengthens its geopolitical dimension. Neo-technonationalism has become the platform that integrates different processes and goals into new U.S. policy. Although historically neo-technonationalism took its roots in Asia, the evolving market situation prompted the United States to rethink existing approaches and to upgrade the techno-nationalist dimension of its policy. Considering similar policies of China and the EU (i. e. the European digital sovereignty policy), this trend shapes new realities of technological “blocs”, the struggle for expansion of technological platforms, and technological conflicts. Taking into account prospective development needs of the global economy and future specification of mutual interest areas, as new digital technologies mature, the ground for normalizing the dialogue between the superpowers will emerge. However, at least in the U.S.–China case, this issue will be complicated by geopolitical contradictions that leave little room for any serious compromise.

scholarly journals THE PROSPECTS OF THE RUSSIAN ROCKET AND SPACE INDUSTRY PRODUCTS IN THE WORLD MARKET

2020 ◽  
pp. 88-102
Author(s):  
A. R. Shiryaeva ◽  
E. A. Rozhanskaia
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Market ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Space Industry ◽  
The World ◽  
New Business ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth

Space is not only a place of international cooperation, but also a place for competition. The failures that accompanied the key player in the market, the United States, have recently stimulated NASA's ambitious commercial space program which has enabled a successful partnership with two American companies. This new business model should not only reduce the cost of flights, but also create a basis for further space exploration. In order to create sustainable economic growth in Russia, it seems necessary to develop the whole range of priority areas. One of the most promising is the rocket and space industry. The reasons are the large turnover, experience and unique technological competencies. We believe that Russia will succeed in case it activates internal reserves of a country and wisely uses global market opportunities. Technical and technological development of the rocket and space and related industries will strengthen the state’s position in the world market and will enhance the international competitiveness of Russian enterprises. In this article, authors analyze the current state of the Russian and world space markets, evaluate the performance of RSC «Energia», formulate proposals for modernization of company's activities that will help Russia strengthen and expand its positions among the global players.

scholarly journals CONDITIONS FOR SUCCESSFUL DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRONIC COMMERCE IN LATVIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Sandra Ežmale
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Successful Development ◽  
Modern Information Technology ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Levels

<p>The electronic commerce has become an integral part of the global economy during the last decade. The most obvious indication of the importance of electronic commerce in the world economy is rapidly increasing Internet use in trade and other sectors. The successful growth of E-commerce promotes the use of other electronic media, as well as it is perspective for development of territories located in backcountry and remote regions. In the result of the Internet and electronic commerce technological development there can be observed changes also in the business environment. In these circumstances successful strategies applied in different levels and sectors for the implementation of the most modern information technology achievements, as well as for the development of professionals with appropriate knowledge, expertise and skills, are becoming increasingly important for the development of electronic commerce in Latvia. The article will view the current situation, will explain the main limiting factors and advantages for successful development of the electronic commerce in Latvia.</p>

Comparative Studies on Medium Carbon Low Alloy Steels and Maraging Steels

2021 ◽  
Vol 903 ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Nikhil Kumar ◽  
C.M. Ramesha ◽  
T. Anilkumar ◽  
P. Rajendra ◽  
B.R. Chandan
Keyword(s):  
Maraging Steel ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Aerospace Industry ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Maraging Steels ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
The Cost

The maraging steel are considered ultra-high strength due to its yield strength greater than 1400Mpa and are part of a set of advanced materials of interest for technological development, mainly for aeronautics and aerospace industry. For this purpose they should exhibit good toughness, fatigue resistance and acceptable weldability. Since the maraging steels are of higher cost we are intended to make the Medium Carbon Low Alloy Steel (MCLA) for the purpose of aeronautical and aerospace industry instead of Maraging steel as the cost of MCLA is comparatively less. An attempt is made to study on the basic properties of MCLA steels and Maraging steels by process modifications and comparing the results with that of the standard properties of the Maraging steel.

scholarly journals Cost Accounting In Auto Manufacturing Companies In Germany And The United States

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Jinkens ◽  
RamMohan R. Yallapragada
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Management Accounting ◽  
Cost Accounting ◽  
The United States ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Activity Based Costing ◽  
Product Costing ◽  
Accounting Reports ◽  
The Cost

Corporate accountants are mandated to prepare and distribute financial accounting reports for external U.S.ers at end of each accounting period.  However, there are no similar statutory requirements for corporate accountants to provide managers of their companies with the management accounting information necessary for decision making in their bU.S.iness operations.   Cost accounting is an important integral part of management accounting.  Product costing has always been a much debated issue in management accounting.  The area that has generated a host of conflicting views is the allocation of overhead costs to products.  Traditional absorption costing is claimed to be resulting in an unfair allocation of overhead costs to products.  New approaches such as the Activity Based Costing (ABC) did not receive widespread adoption. It is being realized in management accounting field that an emerging costing method known as Resource Consumption Accounting (RCA) is a better method for product costing.  It is a method adopted by the German manufacturing companies.  This paper describes the German cost accounting method and also compares the German cost accounting with the cost accounting in the United States, specifically in the automobile manufacturing indU.S.try.

scholarly journals Takaful Protection for Mental Health Illness From the Perspective of Maqasid Shariah

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Khairil Faizal Khairi ◽  
Mohamad Subini Abdul Samat ◽  
Nur Hidayah Laili ◽  
Hisham Sabri ◽  
Mohd Yazis Ali Basah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
New Products ◽  
Income Group ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mental Health Disorder ◽  
Human Wellbeing ◽  
The Cost

Mental health illness becomes one of the major illnesses in Malaysia aside from heart disease. It was recently reported that 29.2% of Malaysians are suffering from mental health illness which increases threefold from the previous year. Majority of the Malaysians suffering from mental health illness comes from the lowest income group. This shows that the lowest income group has less opportunity to seek treatment due to the cost. Even though other countries have started to offer mental health insurance such as the United States of America, United Kingdom, Australia and recently Singapore, Malaysia is still way behind in offering coverage for mental health illness. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to study the mental health takaful from the perspective of Maqasid shariah. The results from this study show that mental health takaful is able to meet the requirement of Maqasid shariah and preserve the benefits of, and prevent harm to human wellbeing. Furthermore, this study will provide an insight to the takaful industry for developing new products that could help mental health disorder patients.

Integrating Spatial Analytics in Global Sourcing Decisions

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 709-739
Author(s):  
David M. Goldberg ◽  
Jason K. Deane ◽  
Cliff T. Ragsdale
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Mitigation Strategy ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Global Sourcing ◽  
Spatial Analytics ◽  
Local Business Environment ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Objective Program

The ability or inability to develop an effective, reliable supplier network can often play a major role in determining an organization’s competitive position. Especially in today’s era of a complex global economy, disruptions to an organization’s supply chain can drastically undermine its ability to compete. We analyze the interaction between density risk, or risk related to the proximal relationships between suppliers, and environmental risk, or risk arising from conditions affecting a supplier’s local business environment. We provide a powerful supply base risk mitigation strategy incorporating spatial analytics to enhance our analyses. We develop a multi-objective program to manage these factors and recommend minimal risk supply bases. We detail the interaction between objectives in an example and discuss the ramifications for managers. This work will assist managers in their efforts to build a supply base that meets the cost and efficiency demands of their organization.

scholarly journals The World Defense Expenditure 2019 and trends in the Covid19 era

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Themistoklis Zanidis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Defense Spending ◽  
Budget Cuts ◽  
Defense Expenditure ◽  
Global Peace ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
The Cost

This paper focuses on the recent publication of the SIPRI Institute on global defense spending for 2019. The latter is on the rise for 5th consecutive year, climbing to the highest point since 1988, the Cold War era. This fact has multiple interpretations. The most important construe apropos the geopolitical competition, from hegemonic competition between the United States and China to regional ones, can constitute perils to international security with unpredictable and catastrophic consequences for global peace, economy and trade. The recent crisis over the Covid-19 pandemic has expanded the breach between the West and China, raising skepticism or even suspicious on both sides. Relations between the two powers, the United States and China, have deteriorated, threatening global stability while states are unable to find a commonplace for a successful and definitive fight against the pandemic.The unstable geopolitical environment has experienced the burden of the pandemic crisis due to Covid-19. The restrictive measures taken by governments to intercept the pandemic may be the reasoning for restraining defense spending world widely. This prospect can be a future reality if we take into account the cost caused to national and global economy by the protracted lockdown. Therefore, governments may be compelled to increase spending on the welfare state (health infrastructure, support for the lower classes, support for sectors of the economy most affected by the pandemic such as transportation and tourism) by cutting the defense budget. The latter consists a critical indicator of national sovereignty and its fully understandable the fact that is exceptionally difficult for states to make unforced military budget cuts. However, because of the recent extremely critical situations experienced by humanity as a whole, governments should consider limiting their defense spending, which will be monitored closely by the United Nations for a limited time and focus on dealing with the economic and social effects of the lockdown.

scholarly journals “Made in China 2025” Strategy and Trade Hostility: The United States VS China

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Salamun Rashidin ◽  
◽  
Sara Javed ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Panel Discussion ◽  
The United States ◽  
Made In China ◽  
Made In

The current study provides an overview of the United States and China escalating trade hostility that commenced in January 2018.An attempt has been made to find the root cause of the trade war between two giant economic powers for trade dispute. Mixed method approach was adopted i-e qualitative data was gathered by conducting panel discussion with different professors and quantitative data was gathered from articles, newspapers, WTO, World Bank, WITS and MIT.edu databases. The accumulated qualitative data was analysed through content analysis; excel was used for the quantitative data analysis. Results indicate that evolving tariffs war is a hidden tactic to contaminate “Made in China 2025” industrial revolution Policy, because it’s a major hurdle against Trump’s wish of making America again super manufacturing power. In fact, China has become a super manufacturing power by upgrading in its technological sector. Moreover, tit for tat tariffs war has reverberated the entire global economy badly. Chinese rapid growth and innovative plan, higher trade deficit between China and the United States, technological development, leading manufacturing capability, foreign investment amiable environment and proper industrial plan “Made in China, 2025” are the main trigger points for the United States. Owing to these reasons, the United States has to impede the Made in China 2025 plan, and it, in fact, wishes to skip Made in China 2030.

An Asian era with the Euro-Atlantic civilization as a background?

2017 ◽  
pp. 140-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Kolodko
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The West ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries ◽  
Main Factor

For years, the view has been repeated that Asia’s age is coming, and thus the position of both Europe and the United States is declining. The main factor behind these tectonic shifts in relative economic power and the associated geopolitical situation is the nearly four decades of rapid growth of Chinese economy. The achievements of other Southeast Asian countries, especially India, with robust growth are also meaningful with this regard. The article verifies these views and analyzes the different aspects of China’s confrontation with Europe and North America. The Asian dominance era is not coming, yet a relatively stronger position of the East at the cost of a weakening position of the West is emerging. Hence, a new multi-polar arrangement of forces in the global economy, without a hegemon, is being created.

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