scholarly journals Effect of Pectin Biodegradation with Aspergillus niger on Total Flavonoid Content of Citrus limon L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-203
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yusuf Abduh ◽  
Wahyu Zuliansyah ◽  
Lestari Aprina ◽  
Natalie Arazella
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Flavonoid Compound ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Lower Grade ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Cultivation Time ◽  
Lemon Peel

Lemon peel and leaf  as well as lower grade of lemon contain a considerable amount of flavonoid which can be extracted to produce a valuable product. The presence of pectin in lemon hinders the extraction of flavonoid compound. This research was conducted to examine the effect of pectin biodegradation of lemon leaf, peel, and lower grade fruit using solid-state fermentation towards the yield of pectin, crude flavonoid, and total flavonoid content. Fermentation was carried out with the help of Aspergillus niger at 30℃ for 3, 5, 7, and 9 days of cultivation time. Pectin was extracted from the fermentation broth using citric acid. Crude flavonoid was extracted using maceration and stirred about 500 rpm at 50℃ for 40 minutes. Total flavonoid content was analyzed using a spectrophotometer. The optimum cultivation time of Aspergillus niger with leaf and peel was 9 days with a pectin yield from lemon leaf was 0.43% dry weight and the pectin yield from lemon peel was 0.04% dry weight. As for the lower grade fruit, a cultivation time for 7 days showed an optimal result with a pectin yield of 0.08% dry weight. The total flavonoid content in the leaf increased up to 94.3% (1.06 mg of the quercetin equivalents per g of substrate) whereas the total flavonoid content in the peel and lower grade fruit increased up to 42% (0.12 mg of the quercetin equivalents per g of substrate) and 48% (0.021 mg of the quercetin equivalents per g of substrate), respectively. These results highlighted the potential valorization of Citrus limon L. as an alternative source for producing flavonoid in food and pharmaceutical industry.  

scholarly journals KANDUNGAN SENYAWA FLAVONOID PADA DAUN MELINJO (Gnetum gnemon L.) BERDASARKAN PERBEDAAN TEMPAT TUMBUH

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-147
Author(s):  
Mersy T Tanamal ◽  
Pamella Mercy Papilaya ◽  
Alwi Smith
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Flavonoid Compound ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Gnetum Gnemon ◽  
The Village

Background: The village of Latuhalat and Kayu Putih village is a place that is on the beach and in the mountains. Potential natural resources are quite a lot of plants melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L). This study aims to determine the total compound of flavonoid content of leaf melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L) based on place difference. Method: The method used in this study using the method of Chang et al. The solvent used for diluting the melinjo extract was methanol solvent, then measured using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Result: Result of analysis of flavonoid compound content, Latuhalat Village has average total flavonoid content of13.080% and average total flavonoid content in Kayu Putih Village equal to 17.028%. Kayu Putih Village has more flavonoid compound than Latuhalat Village. Conclusion: Total levels of melinjo leaf flavonoids (Gnetum gnemon L) in Kayu Putih Village were more than total flavonoids of leaf melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L) in Latuhalat Village.

scholarly journals Characterization of Flavonoid Compounds in Common Swedish Berry Species

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiyun Liu ◽  
Mohammed E. Hefni ◽  
Cornelia M. Witthöft
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Average Recovery ◽  
Extraction Procedures ◽  
High Linearity ◽  
Flavonoid Compounds

Berries are considered an ideal source of polyphenols, especially from the flavonoid group. In this study, we examined the flavonoid content in 16 varieties of Swedish lingonberry, raspberry, blueberry, and strawberry. Nineteen flavonoids were simultaneously quantified using external standards. An additional 29 flavonoids were tentatively identified using MS as no standards were available. Quantification was done using HPLC-UV after optimization of chromatographic and extraction procedures. The method showed high linearity within the range of 2–100 μg/mL (correlation co-efficient >0.999), intra- and inter-day precision of 1.7–7.3% and average recovery above 84% for all compounds. Blueberries and lingonberries were found to contain higher contents of flavonoids (1100 mg/100 g dry weight) than raspberries and strawberries (500 mg/100 g dry weight). Anthocyanins were the dominant flavonoids in all berries. The tentatively characterized compounds contribute 18%, 29%, 61%, and 67% of the total flavonoid content in strawberries, lingonberries, raspberries, and blueberries, respectively. Overall, Swedish berries were shown to be good sources of polyphenols.

scholarly journals PRODUKSI DAN KANDUNGAN FLAVONOID UMBI TANAMAN BAWANG DAYAK (Eleutherine palmifolia) DENGAN PEMBERIAN NPK 16:16:16 PADA BERBAGAI UMUR PANEN

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
T. Rosmawaty ◽  
Hasan Basri Jumin ◽  
Mardaleni Mardaleni ◽  
Charles Sinaga
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Optimum Production

ABSTRACT   The objectives of this research are to find out the number of Dayak onion production at various ages of harvest by providing NPK fertilizer 16.16.16. and to find out the content of Flavonoids at various ages with NPK 16:16:16 fertilizer application. The research was conducted at the Experimental Garden of the Islamic University of Riau for 6 months, starting from March to August 2018. The completely randomized design with factorial 3 x 4 was used.  Data were analyzed descriptive approach. The parameters observed were the number of clump tubers, per clump dry weight, Simplicia dry weight, flavonoid content, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity. The results showed that the interaction of NPK 16:16: 16 dosages and harvesting age had no effect on the all observed parameters. The best treatment of NPK 16:16:16 2,5 g/plant (N3) for optimum production and 1,25 g/plant (N1) for maximum total flavonoid content. With the best treatment of NPK 16:16:16 2.5 g/plant (N3) for maximum production and 1.25 g/plant (N1) for maximum total flavonoid content. For optimal age and 5 (months) for maximum total flavonoid content.

Antioxidant capacity of hydroalcoholic extracts of Grewia serrulata DC and Grewia nervosa (Lour.) Panigrahi

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Mentham Ramesh ◽  
Chandu Babu Rao
Keyword(s):  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Superoxide Radical ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content

The current investigation is intended to evaluate the content of phytochemical constituents and antioxidant potential of hydroalcoholic extracts of stem and root of Grewia serrulata DC (HAESGS & HAERGS) and leaf and bark of Grewia Nervosa (Lour.) panigrahi (HAELGN & HAEBGN). Initially, all the extracts at different concentrations were estimated for their total phenolic content and total flavonoid content. The study was further extended for their antioxidant potential evaluation using various in vitro methods such as 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical scavenging assays. The total phenolic content (mg gallic acid equivalent per gram of extract) was high in HAELGN (170.82±0.19) and HAERGS (123.00±0.48) than HAESGS (111.2±0.26) and HAEBGN (119.60±0.23). The total flavonoid content (mg quercetin equivalent per gram) is greater in HAERGS (71.24±0.50) and HAESGS (65.68±0.27) than HAELGN (55.82±0.35) and HAEBGN (62.38±0.45). The IC50 values (µg/ml) of different plant extracts inferred that DPPH radical scavenging activity is greater in HAELGN (42.91±0.88) and HAEBGN (53.87±0.35) than HAESGS (126.73±1.20) and HAERGS (88.87±1.25). However, hydroxyl and superoxide radical scavenging activity is more in HAERGS (135.41±1.19 & 88.00±1.42) and HAELGN (172.28±1.91 & 108.163±1.09) than HAESGS (237.3±1.65 & 110.074±0.87) and HAEBGN (204.7±1.04 & 125.54±1.07). The results of present comprehensive analysis demonstrated that both the plants Grewia serrulata DC and Grewia Nervosa (Lour.) panigrahi possess high phenolic, flavonoid contents and potential antioxidant activity, and could be used as a valid source of natural antioxidants and might be utilized for pharmacological screening of various therapeutic activities. Keywords: Grewia serrulata; Grewia Nervosa; Total Phenolic content; Total flavonoid content; Antioxidant potential

Study of dietary supplements containing hawthorn extracts

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-84
Author(s):  
Vladimir Kurkin ◽  
Ilnur Shaykhutdinov ◽  
Olga Pravivtseva ◽  
Anna Kurkina ◽  
Maxim Egorov
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
The Russian Federation

In the Russian Federation, dietary supplements with hawthorn flowers (Crataegi flores) and berries (Crataegi fructus) are used as recommended supplements for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. We have conducted a study of the content of flavonoid amounts in popular dietary supplements containing hawthorn extracts. It has been found that total flavonoid content in medications is comparable to the therapeutic dosages in some cases.

scholarly journals Statistical Optimization of Flavonoid and Antioxidant Recovery from Macerated Chinese and Malaysian Lotus Root (Nelumbo nucifera) Using Response Surface Methodology

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 2014
Author(s):  
Sze-Jack Tan ◽  
Chee-Keong Lee ◽  
Chee-Yuen Gan ◽  
Olusegun Abayomi Olalere
Keyword(s):  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Lotus Root ◽  
Reducing Power Assay ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Sample Ratio

In this study, the combination of parameters required for optimal extraction of anti-oxidative components from the Chinese lotus (CLR) and Malaysian lotus (MLR) roots were carefully investigated. Box–Behnken design was employed to optimize the pH (X1: 2–3), extraction time (X2: 0.5–1.5 h) and solvent-to-sample ratio (X3: 20–40 mL/g) to obtain a high flavonoid yield with high % DPPHsc free radical scavenging and Ferric-reducing power assay (FRAP). The analysis of variance clearly showed the significant contribution of quadratic model for all responses. The optimal conditions for both Chinese lotus (CLR) and Malaysian lotus (MLR) roots were obtained as: CLR: X1 = 2.5; X2 = 0.5 h; X3 = 40 mL/g; MLR: X1 = 2.4; X2 = 0.5 h; X3 = 40 mL/g. These optimum conditions gave (a) Total flavonoid content (TFC) of 0.599 mg PCE/g sample and 0.549 mg PCE/g sample, respectively; (b) % DPPHsc of 48.36% and 29.11%, respectively; (c) FRAP value of 2.07 mM FeSO4 and 1.89 mM FeSO4, respectively. A close agreement between predicted and experimental values was found. The result obtained succinctly revealed that the Chinese lotus exhibited higher antioxidant and total flavonoid content when compared with the Malaysia lotus root at optimum extraction condition.

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