scholarly journals Results of a comparative analysis of the dynamics of healthcare expenditure from the GDP of countries, cash payments from families and state expenditures on healthcare in Ukraine, Poland and in the WHO European countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Hanna Panfilova ◽  
Anzhela Olkhovska ◽  
Lyubov Boboshko ◽  
Gennadii Iurchenko ◽  
Maksym Bandura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Health Spending ◽  
The State ◽  
European Countries ◽  
European Region ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Out Of Pocket Expenses

The aim: to conduct a comparative analysis of the dynamics of health expenditures from GDP, cash expenditures of families and public expenditures on health in Ukraine, Poland and the countries of the WHO European Region. Materials and methods. The object of the research was the data of the WHO European Office. Historical, analytical-comparative, systemic, logical, graphic, mathematical-statistical and other research methods were used. Research results. It was found that all indicators of the analysis in Ukraine had an unstable character of changes in the years dynamics. Since 1995, Poland and European countries have seen a systematic increase in total health spending (%) of the country's GDP. The indicator of out-of-pocket expenses of families on medical and pharmaceutical support in Ukraine was significantly higher than in Poland and European countries, and its average values ​​in Ukraine were 1.5 times higher than in Poland. In 2014, this indicator reached its maximum (46.2 %) against the background of an increase in government spending (%) of total health spending (from 11.9 % to 12.7 %). In 2014, this indicator exceeded similar values ​​in Poland by 2.0 times and 1.7 times in European countries. In contrast, in Poland, the out-of-pocket expenses of families on medical and pharmaceutical support have been steadily decreasing from 30.0 % to 22.1 %, and since 2010 they have been lower than in European countries. According to government spending as a percentage of total health spending in Europe and Poland, there was a trend towards a gradual increase from 11.0 % to 13.2 % (European countries) and from 8.2 % to 10.7 % (Poland). The corresponding Ukrainian data were higher than in Poland and lower than in European countries (from 10.8 % to 11.4 %). Against the background of the unstable nature of the dynamics of changes in indicators characterizing the participation of the state in financing health care in Ukraine, since 2005, there has been an increase in the cash expenditures of Ukrainian families for relevant needs. As a result of systemic transformations in Poland, on the threshold of its accession to the EU (May 1, 2004), since 2005, there has been a decrease in the out-of-pocket expenditures of families against the background of a slight increase in % of public spending on health care. Conclusions. The unstable nature of the dynamics of changes in domestic indicators, in comparison with similar data that was observed in Poland and the countries of the WHO European Region, suggests the need to introduce more decisive actions, which should lead to a reformatting of the role of the state in financing the health system

Advance Health Care Directives: Towards a Coordinated European Policy?

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Andorno ◽  
Susanne Brauer ◽  
Nikola Biller-Andorno
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Advance Directives ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
European Countries ◽  
European Policy ◽  
European Context ◽  
Article 9 ◽  
Advance Health Care Directives

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to compare the different existing approaches to advance health care directives within the European context, and to explore the possibility of reaching a deeper consensus among countries on this subject. To this end, it first discusses the shortcomings of Article 9 of the Council of Europe's Biomedicine Convention. Second, it offers a comparative analysis of the legal status of advance directives in a number of European countries. Finally, it presents the conclusions of an international interdisciplinary workshop focused on this topic that was held in Zurich in June 2008.

scholarly journals Developing a Model of Distributed, Decentralized Digitally Connected Cancer Control Program

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 240s-240s
Author(s):  
M. Kuriakose ◽  
P. Sebastian ◽  
S. Balasubramanian ◽  
R. Sadanandan
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cancer Care ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
The State ◽  
Cancer Centers ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Out Of Pocket Expenses ◽  
Cancer Control Program

Background and context: Traditional method of managing cancer through establishing large comprehensive cancer centers are ineffective in developing country setting that has poorly developed primary health care facilities. These larger cancer centers become victims of their success and attract increasing number of patients from distant places, overstretching the resources and increasing out-of-pocket expenses for the patients. Increasing the number of cancer centers also is not effective as each unit by itself will not have the critical mass of expertise to offer comprehensive cancer care. In addition, for sustainability and improved resource utilization, the cancer care needs to be integrated with the existing health care system. The state with a population ∼ 33.3 million has 19 cancer treatment facilities distributed throughout the coastal districts. The cancer incidence rate of the state is 128 per 100,000, which is the fourth highest in the country. Aim: To develop a model for distributed, decentralized digitally connected cancer control program for the state of Kerala, India. Strategy/Tactics: A model for distributed, decentralized digitally connected cancer care that offers resource stratified cancer care and integrate with the existing health care. Program/Policy process: The distributed cancer care network for the state that will be digitally connected using a recently introduced e-health program to interconnect the cancer care as well as to integrate with the existing healthcare network. The cancer centers will be stratified in 4 levels. Level 1 would be 3 apex cancer centers with most advanced infrastructure and serves as quaternary centers and coordinate cancer care in 3 zones. The Level 2 cancer centers established at medical colleges and cancer centers in major private medical hospitals offer comprehensive cancer care in a geographic area and serve as tertiary cancer referral centers. Level 3 centers are located in the district and Taluk hospitals that offers primary cancer care for common cancers including palliative daycare chemotherapy. Level 4 units are established as part of the national health mission in primary and family health centers which provide the important task of cancer surveillance and improving cancer literacy for the public with peoples participation. Outcomes: The expected outcomes are downstaging of cancer, developing a resource-stratified referral pathway that minimize treatment delay, provide cancer care within 90 minutes of travel and lowering out-of-pocket expenses. What was learned: Planning of the program involved participation of major stakeholders of cancer and health care of the state as well as NGO.

Overview of health care provision for adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) in Central and South-eastern European countries: current status, provision gaps and investments needed

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Brida ◽  
I.S Simkova ◽  
L.J.J Jovovic ◽  
K.P Prokselj ◽  
H.O.B Balint ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Median Number ◽  
European Countries ◽  
European Region ◽  
Current Status ◽  
European Continent ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Western European ◽  
Care System

Abstract Background Most of North and Western European countries recognized long ago the importance of specialized ACHD programmes and have today well-established Centre of excellence for management of ACHD patients. In contrast, even though Central and South-eastern (CESE) European region geographically comprise almost half of the European continent, little is known about ACHD status in vast majority of its countries. Purpose We aim to provide for the first time contemporary comprehensive overview of ACHD situation in CESE Europe. Methods We obtained data regarding current national ACHD status from 19 CESE European countries. Over the country national cardiac society, the ESC Working Group on ACHD has identified physician/s actively involved in ACHD care in these countries. Country's representative/s filled out an extensive survey regarding the provision of care for the year 2017 or/and 2018 comprised from five main questionnaires: country and hospital ACHD information, clinical activity information, interventional, and surgical cardiac procedures, infrastructure and staffing, health care system including funding, and education. Results The majority of countries have specialized ACHD centre; 13 out of 19 countries have a national tertiary centre. The median number of adult cardiologists and cardiologists specifically involved in ACHD care per country is 400 and 3, respectively. The median number of ACHD centres per country was one; year of establishment was 2007. Six countries have no dedicated centre. With the exception of Albania, these countries were relatively young, all have significantly lower GDP/capita in comparison with other CESE countries with an established service (p=0.005). The median number of outpatient visits and hospital admission per year was 900 and 135, respectively; cardiac catheter interventions and cardiac operations yearly were 49 and 40. Thirteen countries have a public health care system funded by their government, while six have also a small portion of private reimbursement. However, all countries have a financial cap imposed on ACHD care per hospital, leading to a patient waiting list and a restriction in the number of procedures. Conclusion In the past decades, the CESE European region has made significant progress in the state-of-the art ACHD care. The majority of countries nowadays have established ACHD services with a substantial patient workload comparable to the rest of Europe. Moreover, most centres are equipped with the necessary infrastructure. Contemporary provisions of ACHD care in the CESE European region is nevertheless challenged by generally lower financial resources, lower staffing levels and de-facto caps on the possibility to perform certain necessary procedures in comparison with Western European countries. These government healthcare financial constraints also restrict the required expansion in terms of numbers and complexity of surgical and interventional procedures locally. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

scholarly journals Poverty in Russia: economic and social implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (34) ◽  
pp. 261-281
Author(s):  
Zyukin Danil Alekseevich ◽  
Alexey Anatolievich Golovin ◽  
Ruslan Yakovlevich Vakulenko ◽  
Olga Vladimirovna Pigoreva ◽  
Elena Nikolaevna Nozdracheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Significant Differentiation ◽  
Education And Health

The purpose of the research is to analyze of poverty in Russia as the most important social problem of our time. The methodology of the study includes an assessment of the dynamics of socio-economic indicators in Russia in the period 2015-2020, as well as a comparison with European countries. It is shown that the problem of poverty is still one of the most pressing and urgent for modern Russia. Despite the outlined positive dynamics in the poverty level of the country's population in 2018-2019, there was a decline again in 2020, due to the deterioration of the socio-economic situation against the backdrop of the Coronavirus pandemic. As a result, the effectiveness of the earlier measures in the framework of social policy has practically disappeared, and the poverty level has practically reached 13%. The systemic lack of financial support for such critical sectors as education and health care has contributed to a series of cuts in order to save limited resources. A comparative analysis of the main socio-economic indicators in Russia and European countries made it possible to reveal the presence of significant differentiation, since Russia occupies the last positions among the compared countries in terms of basic social indicators.

scholarly journals The optimality of the option of abolishing serfdom in Russia, implemented in 1861

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (46) ◽  
pp. 20-31
Author(s):  
Vitaly Yu. Zakharov ◽  
Vladimir A. Volkov ◽  
Anna N. Ivanova ◽  
Irina N. Velmozhko ◽  
Olga B. Chirikova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
The State ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Final Version ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
Main Thing

The article discusses the controversial issues related to the abolition of serfdom in Russia in 1861: its causes, features of preparation and implementation. The authors focus on the question of whether the implemented version of the abolition of serfdom in Russia was optimal. For this purpose, a comparative analysis of the abolition of serfdom in Russia is carried out with similar reforms in European countries, which could serve as a reference point, primarily in Austria and Prussia. It is concluded that the peasant reform in Russia in 1861 (in the final version) was carried out primarily in the interests of the state and not of individual social groups (landowners and peasants). It is the state that has benefited most from the implementation of this particular version of the reform, both financially and politically. Among the losers there were both peasants (to a greater extent) and landowners (to a lesser extent). The main thing was that the reform provoked the problem of the lack of land of the majority of peasants, which in the future became one of the main reasons for the social explosion and revolutions at the beginning of the XX century.

scholarly journals RESULTS OF COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FORMATION OF PERSONNEL POTENTIAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SUPPLY SYSTEMS IN UKRAINE, BELARUS, POLAND, COUNTRIES OF THE CIS AND THE EUROPEAN REGION OF WHO

2020 ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Аlla Kоtvitska ◽  
Daryna Tarasenko
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
World Health ◽  
European Region ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Care System

As a result of the radical changes that have taken place in pharmacy at the turn of the century, the role of pharmaceutical workers has acquired a fundamentally new meaning and development in the health care system of the countries. Under these conditions, the issue of forming the human resources of pharmaceutical support systems acquires not only important professional significance, but also acquires socio-economic content for the effective development of the macroeconomic complex of countries as a whole. The aim. Carrying out a comparative analysis of the process of forming the human resources of pharmaceutical supply systems in Ukraine, Belarus, Poland, the countries of cooperation of the Independent States (CIS) and the European Region countries (ER) of the World Health Organization (WHO). Materials and methods. The indicators of the total number of graduates-pharmacists, as well as indicators of the number per 100 thousand population in Ukraine, Belarus, Poland, the CIS and ER of WHO during 2000–2013 were studied. These indicators are presented on the European Health Information Portal. (“Information and facts”). The authors used historical, information-analytical, analytical-comparative, systemic, logical, hypothetical-deductive and generalizations, as well as mathematical-statistical research methods. Results. It is established that during 2000–2013 in Ukraine there was a significant increase in the number of graduates of pharmacists from 2.61 to 14.49 people per 100 thousand people. It is proved that Ukraine had the highest rates (%) of changes in these indicators, compared to other countries. Thus, the average value of the growth rate (%) of this indicator in Ukraine was 15.0 %, in Belarus and the CIS countries – 9.0 %, in Poland – 3.0 %, and in the ER of WHO – 4.0 %. It should be noted that in Ukraine, Belarus and Poland there was an unstable nature of changes in the number of graduates of pharmacists, per 100 thousand of us. According to the comparative analysis, it was found that the average value of the analyzed indicator in Ukraine was 5.8 times higher than in Belarus and 2.3 times higher than in Poland. In addition, the corresponding data of Ukraine were 3.1 and 2.6 times higher than similar indicators calculated in the CIS and ER of WHO countries. It is also noteworthy that the decline in Ukraine was characterized only by one year (2010), and amounted to 3.0 %. Conclusions. Against the background of a systematic increase in the number of graduates-pharmacists who received diplomas in higher educational institutions of Ukraine, it is promising to analyze the dynamics of changes in the number of specialists who are actively engaged in professional activities in the pharmaceutical system. Confirming the status of a pharmaceutical country, in our opinion, Ukraine should form a socially oriented profile of the human resources potential of the health care system among the ER countries of WHO.

scholarly journals Dynamic Linkages between Social Expenditures and Economic Growth: the Most Important Conclusions for Central European Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-21
Author(s):  
Tuncer Govdeli ◽  
Esra Karakuş Umar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
The State ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Social Spending ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Budget Deficits ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
Central European ◽  
Causality Relationship ◽  
Social Expenditures

The role of the state within the neoliberal system is discussed in the approaches developed for social expenditures. Accordingly, the question of whether the state should stand back or provide the support needed by individuals has shaped the literaturę on social expenditures. It is thought that the increase in social expenditures affects public expenditures, and public expenditures may indirectly cause budget deficits. In addition, it is said that there is a decrease in social spending during periods of economic growth. All these dilemmas show that the idea that the country needs both producers and consumers while realizing economic growth has been pushed into the background. Here, the analyses of the relationship between social spending and economic growth are the arguments for the accuracy of this assumption. The aim of this study is to empirically analyze the long-term relationship between the economic growth and social expenditures of eight Central European countries and the causality relationship for 1999 and 2019. In the empirical findings, the cointegration relationship was determined between economic growth and social spending. Based on the findings of the causality analysis, it has been concluded that there is a bidirectional causality relationship between economic growth and social expenditures. Policy proposals are given in the conclusion section of the article.

scholarly journals The Origin and Formation of Political Geography in Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 614-626
Author(s):  
Nikolai V. Kaledin ◽  
◽  
Aleksej B. Elatskov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Political Geography ◽  
The State ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Main Ideas ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Educational Paradigms

The article considers such little-studied issues as the emergence and formation of political geography as a scientific and educational direction in Russia. The features of the genesis and development of political geography in Russia are shown in the framework of two scientific and educational paradigms — the state-describing (the end of the 1730s — the end of the 19th century) and the anthropogeographic (the end of the 19th century — the first third of the 20th century). The main ideas and scientists in each stage are outlined. A comparative analysis of the genesis of the term “political geography” in Russia and European countries is carried out.

EFFICIENCY OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE STATE SOCIAL SECTOR IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 26-39
Author(s):  
I. V. GERSONSKAYA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Social Services ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Social Sector ◽  
The Social ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Negative Phenomena

The article highlights the issues of the effectiveness of the functioning of the state social sector in Russia. The dynamics of the number of organizations in the social sector by type of activity and the formation of public expenditures for the implementation of social policy measures are shown. A comparative analysis of public expenditures in Russia and other countries is conducted. The issues related to the reduction of the social sector, the main problems in the field of education, health and state social services are considered. Negative phenomena in the demographic processes of Russia are revealed. Some recommendations for increasing efficiency in the social sector are proposed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document