scholarly journals REMITTANCES AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: EVIDENCE FROM SADC COUNTRIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-273
Author(s):  
Courage Mlambo ◽  
◽  
Forget Kapingura ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Development Outcomes ◽  
Positive Effect

This study sought to examine the effects of remittances on economic development on selected SADC states. Remittances are important for the survival of poor individuals, households and societies around the world. The funds sent by migrants are a crucial means of survival that can assist families in buying food, sending children to school and building basic shelter. Given the poor economic development in these SADC countries and the probable development outcomes of remittances, remittances income should be critical to the SADC countries. However, literature shows that relationship between remittances and development is not always clear. Remittances may bring positive or negative effects. It is against this background that this study sought to examine the effects of remittances on economic development on selected SADC states. The study used panel data and the sample included five SADC countries (Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Lesotho, Eswatini and DRC) for the years 2005-2015. The study used a Fixed effects model, random effects model and a GMM approach to estimate the effects of remittances and economic development. Results showed that remittances have a positive effect with economic development. This finding suggests that remittance inflows are able to stimulate economic development. The study recommended that the government put in place policies that enhance the remittances transformation to economic development.

scholarly journals Determinants of Firm Performance: Evidence from Romanian Listed Companies

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Lazăr
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Sales Growth ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Resource Based View ◽  
Firm Profitability ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractThe paper investigates firm-specific determinants of firm profitability for Romanian listed companies over the 2000-2011 period within the framework of resource based view of the firm. The results show that tangibles, leverage, size and labour intensity have negative effect on firm performance, while sales growth and value added have a positive effect. The results prove robust when introducing two-way fixed effects model and industry year effects model (in order to simultaneously account for specific industry characteristics and time effects).

Do Development and Democracy Positively Affect Gender Equality in Cabinets?

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN HÖGSTRÖM
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Political Regimes ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractIt has been argued that economic development and democracy create new opportunities and resources for women to access political power, which should increase gender equality in politics. However, empirical evidence from previous research that supports this argument is mixed. The contribution of this study is to expand the research on gender equality in politics through an in-depth examination of the effect of development and democracy on gender equality in cabinets. This has been completed through separate analyses that include most of the countries in the world across three levels of development (least-developed, developing, and developed) and across different types of political regimes (democracies, royal dictatorships, military dictatorships, and civilian dictatorships). The results demonstrate that economic development and democracy only affect gender equality in cabinets positively in a few environments. Accordingly, the context is important and there seem to be thresholds before development and democracy have any effect. Development has a positive effect in developed countries and in democracies, but it has a negative effect in dictatorships, and the negative effect is strongest in military dictatorships. The level of democracy has a positive effect mainly in dictatorships, and the strongest effect is in civilian dictatorships. The article demonstrates the importance of dividing samples into subsets to increase understanding of what affects women's representation in cabinets in different environments, and I ask scholars to subset samples and run separate analyses more often in comparative studies.

The relationship between migraine and infant colic: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cephalalgia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy A Gelfand ◽  
Peter J Goadsby ◽  
I Elaine Allen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Primary Analysis ◽  
Infant Colic ◽  
The Relationship

Context Infant colic is a common and distressing disorder of early infancy. Its etiology is unknown, making treatment challenging. Several articles have suggested a link to migraine. Objective The objective of this article was to perform a systematic review and, if appropriate, a meta-analysis of the studies on the relationship between infant colic and migraine. Data sources Studies were identified by searching PubMed and ScienceDirect and by hand-searching references and conference proceedings. Study selection For the primary analysis, studies specifically designed to measure the association between colic and migraine were included. For the secondary analysis, studies that collected data on colic and migraine but were designed for another primary research question were also included. Data extraction Data were abstracted from the original studies, through communication with study authors, or both. Two authors independently abstracted data. Main outcomes and measures The main outcome measure was the association between infant colic and migraine using both a fixed-effects model and a more conservative random-effects model. Results Three studies were included in the primary analysis; the odds ratio for the association between migraine and infant colic was 6.5 (4.6–8.9, p < 0.001) for the fixed-effects model and 5.6 (3.3–9.5, p = 0.004) for the random-effects model. In a sensitivity analysis wherein the study with the largest effect size was removed, the odds ratio was 3.6 (95% CI 1.7–7.6, p = 0.001) for both the fixed-effects model and random-effects model. Conclusions In this meta-analysis, infant colic was associated with increased odds of migraine. If infant colic is a migrainous disorder, this would have important implications for treatment. The main limitation of this meta-analysis was the relatively small number of studies included.

scholarly journals Using fuzzy logic for evaluating the level of countries’ (regions’) economic development

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordan Stojic
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Per Capita

There are several divisions of countries and regions in the world. Besides geo-political divisions, there also are economic divisions. The most common economic division is the that on developed countries and the poor ones. These divisions are a consequence of the level of: GDP, GDP per capita, unemployment rate, industrial growth, and so on. The question is how to define a mathematical model based on which the following will be assessed: who is rich and who is poor, or who is economically developed and who is not? How the boundaries of transition from one category to another can be defined? This paper presents a model for evaluating the level of economic development of countries and regions using "fuzzy" logic. The model was tested on a sample of 19 EU member countries and aspirants for membership.

scholarly journals Contribution of Products Domestic Bruto (GDP) Based on the Business Field on Poverty on Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.Si Dr. Andi Sessu
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Multiple Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Multiple Correlation ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
The World ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Government ◽  
Positive Effect

The economic development in Indonesia from period to period until now is increasing because Indonesia is very rich with natural and human resources, only quality human resources need to improve their quality in order to be able to develop better economy in the future, however unemployment and poverty rate of Indonesia is still high compared to some other countries in the world, therefore it is necessary jointly between individual society, private and the government has maximum efforts to reduce unemployment and poverty in Indonesia, by increasing the growth of gross domestic product (GDP) contribution by business field can reduce poverty level in Indonesia. The result of multiple regression analysis shows that the contribution of GDP according to business field can decrease poverty level in Indonesia. This condition indicates that agriculture, forestry, fishery sector has a negative effect on poverty rate in Indonesia which means any decrease in agriculture, forestry, fishery by one unit affect the decrease of poverty level of 0.203 at constant -7,70, while the other three factors mining and quarrying, processing industry factor and trade factor have a positive effect on poverty level which means that every increase of one unit leads to a significant increase in poverty not yet able to reduce poverty level but has significant influence on all variables to poverty level in Indonesia. The results of multiple correlation coefficient analysis indicate that from each sector, agriculture, forestry, mining fishery, excavation, processing industry and trade are very strong together that is equal to 97,70%, besides coefficient value of determination equal to 0,96% whereas the remaining 4% of the poverty rate is influenced by other factors

Institutional Change and Economic Growth in East Asia after the Asian Financial Crisis, 1997-98

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-51
Author(s):  
Kee Hoon Chung
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
Asian Financial Crisis ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
The World

Theories on institutional change assert that exogenous shocks are critical in transforming path-dependent institutions. There is not much empiric research, however, that has investigated whether that is indeed the case. To fill this gap, this study investigates the effects of institutional quality on economic growth with a focus on East Asia before and after the 1997-98 Asian financial crisis, which delivered a critical shock in economic activities and institutions in East Asia. Using panel data analysis from 1981 and 2007, I investigate whether the effect of institutional quality on economic growth differed in East Asia compared to rest of the world before the crisis and whether such relationship changed after the crisis. Using two-way fixed effects model, the estimation shows that the effect of institutional quality on economic growth was positive on average for the rest of the world after the crisis but negative for East Asia. The negative coefficient was particularly strong for the three countries—South Korea, Indonesia, and Thailand—that suffered the most during the crisis. However, in the long term, there was no significant change of this negative effect.

P4392A systematic review and meta-analysis of the cardiovascular effects of e-cigarette

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A S Antonopoulos ◽  
G Skotsimara ◽  
E Oikonomou ◽  
N Ioakeimidis ◽  
C V Mistakidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Safe Alternative

Abstract Background Electronic cigarette (EC) is marketed as a safe alternative to tobacco smoking, but EC cardiovascular effects remains largely unknown. Purpose To systematically review and meta-analyse published literature to investigate the cardiovascular effects and associated risk from EC use. Methods We searched PubMed from January 2000 until November 2017 for published studies assessing the cardiovascular effects of EC. For each eligible study we used the mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for SBP, DBP and HR. The pooled MDs for each outcome of interest were calculated by using a fixed effects model. The presence of heterogeneity among studies was evaluated by the I2 statistic. Results We report conflicting evidence on the effects of EC on heart rate and blood pressure, which is mainly based on non-randomized clinical studies of moderate quality. In a meta-analysis of 14 studies (n=441 participants), that despite the negative effects of EC on heart rate (pooled MD=2.27, 95% CI: 1.64 to 2.89, p<0.001), diastolic (DBP, pooled MD=2.01mmHg, 95% CI: 0.62 to 3.39, p=0.004) and systolic blood pressure (SBP, pooled MD=2.02mmHg, 95% CI: 0.07 to 3.97, p=0.042), benefits may be observed in terms of blood pressure regulation when switching from tobacco smoking to EC (SBP pooled MD=−7.00, 95% CI: −9.63 to −4.37, p<0.001; DBP pooled MD=−3.65, 95% CI: −5.71 to −1.59, p=0.001). Evidence suggests that EC negatively affects endothelial function, arterial stiffness and the long-term risk for coronary events, but these findings are derived from single study reports and have not been confirmed in additional studies. Conclusions We report adverse effects of EC use on heart rate and blood pressure. Unless supported by stronger evidence, EC should not be labelled as cardiovascular safe products. Future studies should delineate whether EC use is less hazardous to cardiovascular health than conventional cigarette smoking.

scholarly journals Contribution of Products Domestic Bruto (GDP) Based on the Business Field on Poverty on Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Andi Sessu
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Multiple Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Multiple Correlation ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
The World ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Government ◽  
Positive Effect

The economic development in Indonesia from period to period until now is increasing because Indonesia is very rich with natural and human resources, only quality human resources need to improve their quality in order to be able to develop better economy in the future, however unemployment and poverty rate of Indonesia is still high compared to some other countries in the world, therefore it is necessary jointly between individual society, private and the government has maximum efforts to reduce unemployment and poverty in Indonesia, by increasing the growth of gross domestic product (GDP) contribution by business field can reduce poverty level in Indonesia. The result of multiple regression analysis shows that the contribution of GDP according to business field can decrease poverty level in Indonesia. This condition indicates that agriculture, forestry, fishery sector has a negative effect on poverty rate in Indonesia which means any decrease in agriculture, forestry, fishery by one unit affect the decrease of poverty level of 0.203 at constant -7,70, while the other three factors mining and quarrying, processing industry factor and trade factor have a positive effect on poverty level which means that every increase of one unit leads to a significant increase in poverty not yet able to reduce poverty level but has significant influence on all variables to poverty level in Indonesia. The results of multiple correlation coefficient analysis indicate that from each sector, agriculture, forestry, mining fishery, excavation, processing industry and trade are very strong together that is equal to 97,70%, besides coefficient value of determination equal to 0,96% whereas the remaining 4% of the poverty rate is influenced by other factors.

scholarly journals The Impact of Environmental Pollution on the Health of Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongli Fan ◽  
Yingcheng Wang ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Peter C Coyte
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Abstract While several studies have demonstrated the negative impacts of environmental pollution on population health, in general, few studies have examined the potential differential effects on the health of middle-aged and older populations, i.e. 45 years and older. Given the twin concerns of environmental pollution and population aging in China, this article employed a fixed effects model to infer the impact of environmental pollution on public health with a particular focus on middle-aged and older adults. The analyses were based on data from the 2011–2018 waves of the CHARLS and pollutant data from prefecture-level cities. The results showed that environmental pollution significantly increased the risk of chronic diseases and negatively impacted the health of middle-aged and older adults. Environmental pollution had its greatest negative effect on the health of the elderly, women, urban residents and those with lower incomes than for their counterparts. We further found that the main channels of effect were through reduced physical exercise and an increase in depressive symptoms, and the pollution prevention actions alleviated the health deterioration of environmental pollution for the middle-aged and elderly. It is imperative for the government to urgently reinforce policy's enforcement to decrease air and water pollution, and enhance the ability to circumvent pollution for the lower socioeconomic groups.

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