CURRENT DISTRIBUTION AREA OF TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L.L. Chernokhaeva ◽  
◽  
I.S. Kholodilov ◽  
N.D. Pakskina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Current Distribution ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
The Russian Federation

scholarly journals Trends in Epidemic Process Development of Tick-Borne Encephalitis in the Russian Federation, Laboratory Diagnosis, Prophylaxis and Forecast for 2021

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-16
Author(s):  
E. I. Andaev ◽  
A. Ya. Nikitin ◽  
E. V. Yatsmenko ◽  
E. V. Verigina ◽  
M. I. Tolmacheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
The Russian Federation

Tick-borne encephalitis is a natural-focal infection damaging central nervous system, caused by the similarly-named virus transmitted by several species of ixodic ticks. Natural foci of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) are widely spread in the forest and forest-steppe landscape zones of the temperate climate belt in the vast territory of Eurasia from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. New TBE-endemic territories have been recently identified in Japan, the Netherlands, and in the UK – in 2019. The increasing risk of infection due to the development of tourism and visits to natural foci of TBE became a public health issue of international concern. The aim of the study is to identify modern features of TBE incidence dynamics in the Russian Federation, the state of laboratory diagnostics and prevention and to predict the incidence for 2021. The paper shows that there is a persistent downward trend in TBE-cases in Russia, which is observed through the past few years. The characteristic feature of the epidemic season-2020 was a significant reduction in the incidence of TBE: 989 cases were registered in 33 constituent entities of the Russian Federation (morbidity rate – 0.67 per 100 000 of the population). The sharp decrease of TBE cases in 2020 as compared to 2019 against the background of a decrease in vaccination can be explained, along with natural factors, by the introduction of restrictive measures during the COVID-19 epidemic. The paper also reflects the dynamics of morbidity, seeking the medical services because of tick bites, the infection rate of the carrier, the scope of vaccination, seroprophylaxis, acaricide treatments. The coverage of express-diagnostic tests of ticks for markers of associated pathogens and its availability for the population are presented. It is recognized that the epidemiological situation on TBE in the Russian Federation remains unfavorable. It demands constant attention on the part of healthcare organizations and Federal Service for Surveillance in the Sphere of Consumers Rights Protection and Human Welfare, as well as management decision making aimed at further decrement in TBE incidence through the improvement of prevention measures, specifically in the entities that are characterized by high TBE incidence. The situation requires monitoring of natural foci of infection, enhancement of prophylaxis and treatment of TBE. The paper provides the forecast of TBE incidence for 2021 and values of the 95 % confidence range of the indicator fluctuation, taking into account the presence or absence of trends in its changes in the territory of federal districts and constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 2011–2020.

scholarly journals Experience of regional soil-geochemical mapping

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 584-594
Author(s):  
Maria Kondratyeva ◽  
Natalya Bazhukova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Sorption Ability ◽  
The Russian Federation

The developed series of soil-geochemical maps reveals the ecological functions of soils and the soil cover associated with the processes of migration, transformation, and accumulation of chemicals substances in landscapes. The thematic basis for the maps was the electronic version of the soil map of the Russian Federation with a scale of 1 : 2 500 000 and the Unified State Register of Soil Resources of the Russian Federation developed on its basis, as well as regional sources and the database of soil properties of the Perm Territory. Prepared maps represented by two main blocks — basic and applied, each of which, in turn, includes constituent and assessment maps. The article discusses the methodological foundations, the compilation methodology and the content of the presented maps. Baseline maps reveal the most common soil-geochemical patterns of migration and accumulation of substances in soils. The block includes: maps of the thicknesses of organogenic and humus soil horizons, cation exchange capacities, and sorption capacity of soils. These maps make it possible to characterize the sorption properties of surface soil horizons as the most important geochemical barriers for technogenic substances. An analysis of the content of these maps allows us to conclude that the sorption capacity of the most common soils in the region is estimated to be very low and low, due to the low thickness of the humus horizons and low cation exchange capacity of podzolic soils. Podzolized chernozems, soddy-gley and soddy-carbonate soils have an increased sorption ability, but their distribution area is small. The high sorption capacity of soils is associated with a significant thickness of organogenic horizons in hydromorphic soils. The application block is devoted to the analysis of soil properties in relation to heavy metals as a priority group of pollutants for which the soil is a depositing medium. Two maps are included in this block — “Conditions for the migration of heavy metals in soils” and “Sensitivity of soils”. The conditions for the migration of heavy metals highlighted on the map of the same name are represented by 12 options. In the northern and central parts of the region, conditions prevail that combine constant or seasonal recovery conditions and low pH values. In the southern part of the region they are replaced by oxidative weakly acidic. The assessment of the sensitivity of soils to heavy metal pollution is given on the basis of expert assessment. The soils of the region are defined as sensitive and very sensitive, that is, they relatively quickly change their properties to a negative side under the influence of anthropogenic load.

scholarly journals Modern clinical manifestations of tick-borne encephalitis in Tomsk region

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
N. G. Zhoukova ◽  
A. V. Lepyokhin ◽  
L. V. Loukashova ◽  
R. F. Nasyrova ◽  
N. V. Ryazantseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Natural Focus ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tomsk Region ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Active Natural

The article presents the results of clinical and epidemiological investigations of morbidity rate of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in Tomsk region in a period of 1944—2005. it is shown that Tomsk region is an active natural focus of TBE, leading among other regions of the Russian Federation in morbidity rate and spreading of the infection. Main features of pathomorphosis of clinical ma- nifestitions of TBE were analysed: prevailing of fever and latent forms was determined, as well as decrese of paralytic and menin- geal forms levels.

scholarly journals Clinicoepidemiological features of tick-borne encephalitis course in Perm krai

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
V. V. Nikolenko ◽  
N. N. Vorobyova ◽  
E. V. Merkuryeva ◽  
A. V. Nikolenko ◽  
O. A. Suslina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Perm Krai ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Laboratory Survey ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
The Brain

Objective. The incidence rate of tick-borne encephalitis in Perm Krai annually exceeds that in the Russian Federation by several times, and therefore, the aim of the study was to reveal the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the course of infection. Materials and methods. A continuous retrospective clinical and laboratory survey including 314 adult patients admitted to the Perm Regional Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital in 2014-2019 was carried out. Results. The following features were revealed: the disease is diagnosed more often in persons over 41 years old, infection mainly occurs when visiting the forest and park areas. That is why, it is necessary to reduce the number of infection carriers. In every fifth patient, the disease is characterized by the development of an inapparent form, as well as mixed infection in association with pathogens circulating in ticks in the territory of Western Ural ticks. Conclusions. In 45.9 % of cases, the infection has a moderate and severe course, involving not only meninges but also the brain substances into the pathological process that requires early diagnosis and timely adequate therapy.

scholarly journals POPULATION OF IXODID TICKS IN CITIES OF THE EUROPEAN PART OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND THEIR EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.N. Bogdanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
European Part ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Epidemiological Significance

On the territory of Russia there are more than 70 species of ticks of the family Ixodidae. Many of them are vectors of infectious diseases. The most common tick-borne infections are tick-borne encephalitis and Lyme disease. In recent decades, in many countries there has been a process of tick occupation of the territories of settlements, including large cities and megapolices. This leads to an increase in the number of tick attacks on peoples, as well as the cases of tick-borne infections.

scholarly journals Immunogenicity and safety of the adult tbe vaccine «tick-e-vac»

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Vorovitch ◽  
G. B. Maikova ◽  
L. L. Chernokhaeva ◽  
V. V. Romanenko ◽  
A. V. Ankudinova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Clinical Study ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Far East ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tbe Virus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Frequency Intensity

About 3,000 cases of TBE are registered annually in the Russian Federation. Vaccination is the main way to prevent the tick-borne encephalitis disease. Comparative study of the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a new vaccine «Tick-E-Vac» was held. Volunteers aged from 16 years old were twice immunized with the vaccines «Tick-E-Vac» or «Encevir» derived from strains of Far East subtype of TBE virus, according to standard and emergency schemes. The clinical study was randomized, comparative, blind, and controlled. The frequency, intensity, time of occurrence, and duration of local and general reactions had been recorded. The titers of antiviral antibodies in ELISA had been determined to assess the immunological efficacy of vaccination. According to the results of the clinical study, the severity of local and general reactions in initial seronegative recipients was weak or moderate. The symptoms were usually manifested within 1-2 days after injection and persisted for not more than 4 days, after which time the symptoms disappeared. There was no statistically significant difference in the reactogenicity of the vaccines after the first and after the second injection. The reactogenicity also did not depend on the gender of recipients. After the first immunization, the level of seroprotection was not less than 43%; the average geometric titer of antibodies (GTA), not less than 1:200. After the second injection, the level of seroprotection reached 90-100%; GTA, not less than 1:500. The data on the reactogenicity and immunogenicity to the original seropositive recipients is not significantly different from the data for the initial seronegative recipients. The data indicate weak reactogenicity of the vaccines «Tick-E-Vac» and «Encevir». Double vaccination with an interval of 14 or 30 days leads to the formation of expressed immune response. Thus, differences in the level of seroprotection and in antiviral titers in the cases of the standard and emergency vaccination schedules are not statistically significant. The correlation between the development in recipients of local and general symptoms and the immunological efficacy of the vaccines has not been identified.

Prospects of development of the reference base of the Russian Federation in the field of length measurements

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-5
Author(s):  
Y. G. Zakharenko ◽  
N. A. Kononova ◽  
V. L. Fedorin ◽  
Z. V. Fomkina ◽  
K. V. Chekirda
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
Length Measurements ◽  
Laser Sources ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Unit Of Length ◽  
Further Development ◽  
532 Nm

The results of the work to create a complex of high-precision hardware for the unit of length reproduction and transferring carried out at “D. I. Mendeleyev Institute for Metrology (VNIIM)” are represented. This complex will serve as the basis for the further development of the reference base of the Russian Federation in the field of length measurements and will allow reproduction of the unit of length at two wavelengths of 633 nm and 532 nm, as well as measurements of the wavelength of laser sources in vacuum in the range from 500 to 1050 nm.

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