scholarly journals Experience of regional soil-geochemical mapping

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 584-594
Author(s):  
Maria Kondratyeva ◽  
Natalya Bazhukova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Sorption Ability ◽  
The Russian Federation

The developed series of soil-geochemical maps reveals the ecological functions of soils and the soil cover associated with the processes of migration, transformation, and accumulation of chemicals substances in landscapes. The thematic basis for the maps was the electronic version of the soil map of the Russian Federation with a scale of 1 : 2 500 000 and the Unified State Register of Soil Resources of the Russian Federation developed on its basis, as well as regional sources and the database of soil properties of the Perm Territory. Prepared maps represented by two main blocks — basic and applied, each of which, in turn, includes constituent and assessment maps. The article discusses the methodological foundations, the compilation methodology and the content of the presented maps. Baseline maps reveal the most common soil-geochemical patterns of migration and accumulation of substances in soils. The block includes: maps of the thicknesses of organogenic and humus soil horizons, cation exchange capacities, and sorption capacity of soils. These maps make it possible to characterize the sorption properties of surface soil horizons as the most important geochemical barriers for technogenic substances. An analysis of the content of these maps allows us to conclude that the sorption capacity of the most common soils in the region is estimated to be very low and low, due to the low thickness of the humus horizons and low cation exchange capacity of podzolic soils. Podzolized chernozems, soddy-gley and soddy-carbonate soils have an increased sorption ability, but their distribution area is small. The high sorption capacity of soils is associated with a significant thickness of organogenic horizons in hydromorphic soils. The application block is devoted to the analysis of soil properties in relation to heavy metals as a priority group of pollutants for which the soil is a depositing medium. Two maps are included in this block — “Conditions for the migration of heavy metals in soils” and “Sensitivity of soils”. The conditions for the migration of heavy metals highlighted on the map of the same name are represented by 12 options. In the northern and central parts of the region, conditions prevail that combine constant or seasonal recovery conditions and low pH values. In the southern part of the region they are replaced by oxidative weakly acidic. The assessment of the sensitivity of soils to heavy metal pollution is given on the basis of expert assessment. The soils of the region are defined as sensitive and very sensitive, that is, they relatively quickly change their properties to a negative side under the influence of anthropogenic load.

Developing the basis of the matrix model of the regional innovation subsystem

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 2183-2204
Author(s):  
E.I. Moskvitina
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Matrix Model ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Regional Innovation ◽  
Regional Strategies ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Russian Federation

Subject. This article deals with the issues related to the formation and implementation of the innovation capacity of the Russian Federation subjects. Objectives. The article aims to develop the organizational and methodological foundations for the formation of a model of the regional innovation subsystem. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of analysis and synthesis, economics and statistics analysis, and the expert assessment method. Results. The article presents a developed basis of the regional innovation subsystem matrix model. It helps determine the relationship between the subjects and the parameters of the regional innovation subsystem. To evaluate the indicators characterizing the selected parameters, the Volga Federal District regions are considered as a case study. The article defines the process of reconciliation of interests between the subjects of regional innovation. Conclusions. The results obtained can be used by regional executive bodies when developing regional strategies for the socio-economic advancement of the Russian Federation subjects.

PROBLEMS OF AGROECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF LAND PLOTS FOR THEIR SUITABILITY FOR ORGANIC PRODUCTION AND DETOXIFICATION OF SOILS CONTAMINATED WITH PESTICIDES AND HEAVY METALS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.N. Novikov ◽  
◽  
S.V. Mitrofanov ◽  
N.N. Grachev ◽  
M.M. Varfolomeeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Organic Products ◽  
Contamination Of Soils ◽  
The Russian Federation

Based on the analysis of statistical yearbooks "state of contamination of soils and objects of the natural environment of the Russian Federation with pesticides and toxicants of industrial origin", analysis of the incidence of workers and the population from exposure to residual pesticides and heavy metals, the need to assess soil contamination for organic farming purposes in accordance with the requirements of article 9 of the Federal law of 03.08.2018 No. 280-FZ "on organic products and amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation"is justified. For evaluation, a digital technology is proposed in the management of environmental safety and labor protection in agriculture, developed by scientists of the ITOSH-branch of the FGBNU FNAC VIM. It is proposed to solve the problems of detoxification of soils contaminated with heavy metals and residual pesticides identified during the assessment using the available domestic and foreign experience by various methods: physical, physical-chemical, and biological.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SUPERSERVICE"ENTERING THE UNIVERSITY ONLINE" IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-159
Author(s):  
Niyaz Safiullin ◽  
Guzel' Fassahova ◽  
Farida Nezhmetdinova
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The University

Digital transformation covers all areas of the economy. The analysis in the article showed that this mechanism of filing documents has a number of serious shortcomings related to technical and organizational shortcomings. one of 49 pilot universities in the country that have implemented this project in the admissions campaign. that the proportion of applicants who submitted documents through the super service is insignificant, so it is necessary to identify the main reasons for the low popularity of this mechanism. To do this, the authors conducted a sociological survey among the applicants of the Russian Federation, which reflected the attitude of respondents to the peculiarities of applying to universities and identified the difficulties they had. In order to determine the main areas of improvement of the superservice "Getting to the university online" the main criteria for competitiveness of each of the mechanisms of filing documents to the admissions commission were defined and an expert assessment on them was made. As a result of the study, concrete measures to improve the implementation of the superservice in Kazan GAU, which can be extrapolated to other universities in the country, have been proposed

scholarly journals THE COMPETENCE CENTER OF IMPORT SUBSTITUTION OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AS A TOOL FOR INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REAL SECTOR OF THE ECONOMY

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 150-159
Author(s):  
S. V. Shmanev ◽  
E. I. Moskvitina ◽  
D. E. Morkovkin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Real Sector ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Russian Federation

Today a special role in the social and economic development of the Russian Federation is played by the policy on import substitution announced by the leadership of the country, which has become a powerful stimulus for improving the national economy under the conditions of Western sanctions and the response from the Russian Federation. The formation of a full-fledged legislation in the innovation sphere and the creation of an effective system for stimulating innovative reproduction can be among the priority tasks of the state policy of the Russian Federation to strengthen innovative opportunities for the development of Russian agricultural regions. The authors note that innovative, including nanotechnological products, used in agricultural production, diagnostics and prevention of animal and plant diseases, primary and industrial processing of agricultural products become widespread in Russia. Thus, the problem of creating a competence center of import substitution of agricultural products as a tool for innovative development of the real sector of the economy is relevant at the present time. The article is devoted to the problem of solving the problem of import substitution in the agricultural sector at the municipal level. It is proposed to create a competence center for import substitution of agricultural products (the Center) in the Petushinsky district of the Vladimir region. The main tasks and functions of the Center are determined. Particular attention is paid to issues of stimulating innovation. In the conclusion of the study, the authors came to the understanding that the main problem on the way to creating competence centers in agriculture today is a lack of understanding of how to form and run a really working mechanism for updating and transferring new knowledge. System work is necessary: it is advisable to develop a concept for the establishment of the Center, provide conditions for the expert assessment of this concept to identify possible risks, determine the amount of required funding and identify sources of investment, appoint responsible executives for the implementation of the concept, approve the forms of preliminary, current and final control of project implementation and etc.

scholarly journals Piggyback transportation as a factor in ensuring sustainable development of transport links between regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 296 ◽  
pp. 03008
Author(s):  
Laslo Kukla ◽  
Sergey Maksimov ◽  
Vladislav Shchekoldin ◽  
Valeria Nazarkina
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Delphi Method ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Siberian Region ◽  
The West ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Hierarchy Analysis ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article discusses piggyback transportation and their role in modern logistics technologies, which make it possible to implement certain elements of the concept of sustainable development of both regional and international economies. The main aspects of the organization of piggyback transportation, their advantages and disadvantages have been studied, the problems of use in the conditions of the Russian Federation have been identified. The lack of experience in their implementation, the insufficient level of interaction between various sectors of the economy were noted as one of the main problems of using piggyback transportation in the formation of logistics chains, as well as the complexity and ambiguity of assessing the effectiveness of their implementation. The paper proposes an approach to assessing the effectiveness of piggyback transportation, based on the use of expert assessment methods, in particular, the Delphi method and the Saati hierarchy analysis method. The features of the implementation of piggyback transportation in the West Siberian region of the Russian Federation are noted.

Hydrocarbon- and metal-polluted soil bioremediation: progress and challenges

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Kuyukina ◽  
Anastasiya Krivoruchko ◽  
Irina Ivshina
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Soil Bioremediation ◽  
Microbial Enzymes ◽  
Metal Pollutants ◽  
General Metabolism ◽  
The Russian Federation

The problem of soil contamination with petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals is becoming particularly acute for large oil-producing countries, like the Russian Federation. Both hydrocarbon and metal contaminants impact negatively the soil biota and human health, thus requiring efficient methods for their detoxification and elimination. Bioremediation of soil co-contaminated with hydrocarbon and metal pollutants is complicated by the fact that, although the two components must be treated differently, they mutually affect the overall removal efficiency. Heavy metals are reported to inhibit biodegradation of hydrocarbons by interfering with microbial enzymes directly involved in biodegradation or through the interaction with enzymes involved in general metabolism. Here we discuss recent progress and challenges in bioremediation of soils co-contaminated with hydrocarbons and heavy metals, focusing on selecting metal-resistant biodegrading strains and biosurfactant amendments.

THE RESULTS OF MONITORING OF HEAVY METALS IN FEED AND WATER IN SOME REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 240 (4) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.A. Konychova ◽  
◽  
I.R. Kadikov ◽  
A.A. Korchemkin ◽  
K.H. Papunidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The Russian Federation

Natural and technology-related risks of environmental management in the coastal eco-socio-economic systems of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 360-383
Author(s):  
Georgii G. GOGOBERIDZE ◽  
Mikhail B. SHILIN ◽  
Ekaterina A. RUMYANTSEVA
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Coastal System ◽  
The Russian Federation

Subject. This article analyzes the risks of natural and man-made origin induced in environmental management in the coastal system of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation in the face of global climate change and ever-increasing anthropogenic impacts. Objectives. The article aims to classify the risks of Arctic coastal nature management, and determine their sources and factors of origin. Results. The article presents a phased system of risk structuring as a process of causing harm that is likely to be implemented. It identifies classification criteria and specific forms of structural elements of risk, and conducts an expert assessment of these relationships. Relevance. The results obtained help identify key elements of various scenarios of risk occurrence in the Russian Arctic coastal nature management, including the risk of cascading disasters.

scholarly journals Algorithm and Results of Short-Term Forecast of Changes in the COVID-19 Spread Coefcient in the Constituent Entities of the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
pp. 98-105
Author(s):  
A. Ya. Nikitin ◽  
M. V. Chesnokova ◽  
S. V. Balakhonov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Forward Algorithm ◽  
Short Term Forecast ◽  
Managerial Decisions ◽  
Term Forecast ◽  
Trend Forecasting ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Restrictive Measures

There was a decrease in the number of COVID-19 cases across many entities of the Russian Federation towards the end of summer season-2020. However, the disease remains a relevant threat to the public health and economy and the possibility of a second epidemic wave is not excluded. Rate of infection transmission (Rt) is one of the most important indicators to justify the transition to next stage of removing/introducing restrictive measures on COVID-19.Objective of the work was to describe the algorithm of analysis and short-term forecast of coronavirus spread rate, to assess correspondence between theoretically expected and actual values of this indicator.Materials and methods. Procedure for making a short-term extrapolation forecast of Rt in 10 RF constituent entities, depending on the presence or absence of indicator trends with calculation of a 95 % confdence interval of possible changes in its value is provided.Results and discussion. It is proposed to carry out Rt forecast based on averaged values over a week, combining regression analysis and expert assessment of time series dynamics nature for prompt transition from trend forecasting to extrapolation of stationary observation sequences and vice versa. It has been demonstrated that predicted Rt values are not statistically different from actual values. When making managerial decisions on COVID-19 prevention, special attention should be paid to cases when actual value of Rt exceeds the upper limit of confdence interval. Six (20.0 %) such cases were detected in surveyed entities on calendar weeks 33–35. Three of them were registered in Trans-Baikal Territory, where upward trend was reported during that period of time. The cause of this phenomenon should be analyzed. The put forward algorithm of analysis and forecasting of the Rt value changes, which was tested in 10 entities of Russia, provides a reliable basis for making management decisions on removing/introducing restrictive measures for COVID-19 prevention.

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