scholarly journals Study on antifungal effect of oligochitosan fractions prepared by irradiation combined with chemical treatment on Colletotrichum capsici causing anthracnose in Capsicum

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phạm Đình Dũng ◽  
Nguyễn Tiến Thắng ◽  
Dương Hoa Xô ◽  
Lê Quang Luân
Keyword(s):  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Chitosan Solution ◽  
Pepper Plant ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
H2o2 Treatment ◽  
Antifungal Effect

Chitosan was degraded by gamma rays irradiation method using 5% chitosan solution in 0.5% acetic acid with and without addition of 1% H2O2 for preparation of oligochitosan. The oligochitosan product with molecular weight (Mw) ~ 14.84 kDa prepared by radiation in combination with H2O2 treatment was used to fractionate into 5 different Mw fractions (F1: Mw < 1kDa, F2: Mw ~ 1-3 kDa, F3: Mw ~ 3-10 kDa, F4: Mw ~ 10-30 kDa và F5: Mw > 30 kDa) for testing its biological effects on red pepper plant (Capsicum frutescens L.). The obtained results showed that all separated fractions had the growth promotion effects on the increase of fresh biomass (9.9 - 56.3%) and chlorophyll content (20 - 92%) compared to those of the control one. In addition, the in vitro test of antifungal effect of separated fraction against C. capsici causing anthracnose on capsicum indicated that the fractions F3, F4 and F5 with Mw ≥ 3 kDa inhibited the growth of C. capsici colonies in a Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media at the concentration of 0.5%. While the the results from in vivo tests pointed out that the fractions F2, and F3 with the Mw in range of 1-10 kDa not only strongly stimulated the defense respose of tested plants to this pathogenic fungi causing anthracnose desease, but also the increased significantly gains of fruit biomass in 39 - 47%. Thus the oligochitosan fractions with Mw ~ 1-10 kDa are quite good products for both growth promotion efect as well as antifungal purpose for C. capsici causing anthracnose desease on capsicum.

Seleção e Prospecção de Rizobactérias para o Controle Biológico do Mofo Branco em Espécies de Crotalaria spp

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Laís Mayara Melo Duré ◽  
Lara Rezek Rochaa ◽  
Ellen Juliete Damasceno Capurro ◽  
Bianca Obês Corrêa
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Seed Pathology ◽  
Seed Analysis ◽  
Detached Leaves

O objetivo do trabalho foi isolar micro-organismos de diferentes nichos e avaliar a capacidade dos mesmos no controle de patógenos invitro (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum e Fusarium solani) e in vivo (S. sclerotiorum), além da promoção do crescimento de Crotalaria sp. Asamostras de solo foram pesadas e diluídas para obtenção dos micro-organismos. Nos testes in vitro, as colônias bacterianas, que apresentaram crescimento, foram submetidas ao confrontamento direto com os fungos fitopatogênicos. Para análise fisiológica das sementes de Crotalaria sp, as sementes foram distribuídas em caixas gerbox contendo papel filtro umedecido com água destilada e incubadas a 20-30 ºC por 10 dias. Também foram testadas a antibiose de escleródios em meio líquido. O delineamento usado foi DIC e os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e comparados por Tukey a 0,5%. Além disso, foi realizada a patologia de sementes tratadas com as bactérias Fit-03 e Fit-04, além da microbiolização das sementes para avaliação da promoção do crescimento em casa de vegetação. Dos 51 isolados, seis foram capazes de produzir substâncias capazes de inibir o crescimento micelial do F. solani e três de S. sclerotiorum. Na avaliação da capacidade de controle de micro-organismos sobre as sementes das duas espécies de Crotalaria sp, Fit-03 e Fit-04 reduziram a incidência de fungos como Aspergillus e Penicillium. Pode-se afirmar que os isolados Fit-03 e Fit-04 apresentam potencial de uso no controle biológico do mofo branco em plantas de Crotalaria sp., bem como amplo espectro de ação.Palavras-chave: Antibiose. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Microbiolização de Sementes.AbstractThe objective was to isolate microorganisms of different niches and assess the ability of these in vitro control pathogens (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Fusarium solani) and in vivo (S. sclerotiorum) in addition to promoting the growth of Crotalaria sp. Soil samples were weighed and diluted to obtain the microorganisms. In in vitro tests the bacterial colonies that grew were subjected to direct confrontation with the pathogenic fungi. For physiological seed analysis Crotalaria sp. the seeds were distributed in gerbox boxes containing filter paper moistened with distilled water and incubated at 20-30 ° C for 10 days. Antibiosis sclerotia were also tested in liquid medium. The design used was DIC and the data were subjected to analysis of variance and compared by Tukey 0.5%. In addition, there was the seed pathology treated with the Fit-03 bacteria and Fit-04, in addition to microbiolization seeds for evaluation of growth promotion in greenhouse and also spraying the same in detached leaves of C. junceae and C. spectabillis and pathogen inoculation. After 51 isolates, six were able to produce substances capable of inhibiting the mycelial growth of F. solani and three S. sclerotiorum. In the evaluation of microorganisms control capability on the seeds of the two species of Crotalaria sp, Fit-Fit-03 and 04 reduced the incidence of fungi such as Aspergillus and Penicillium. It can be said that the Fit-03 isolated and Fit-04 have potential use in biological control of white mold in plant Crotalaria sp., as well as a broad spectrum of action.Keywords: Antibiosis. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Microbiolization seeds.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Gentamicin B1 against Systemic Plant Mycoses

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 2401
Author(s):  
Gaspar Banfalvi
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Aminoglycoside Antibiotic ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Microsporum Gypseum ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Related Compounds

Background: Gentamicin is a broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic produced by Micromonospora purpurea bacteria, effective against Gram-negative bacterial infections. Major fractions of the gentamicin complex (C1, C1a, C2, C2a) possess weak antifungal activity and one of the minor components (A, A1–A4, B, B1, X), gentamicin B1 was found to be a strong antifungal agent. Methods: This work uses in vitro and in vivo dilution methods to compare the antifusarial, antiaspergillic and anticryptococcal effects of gentamicin derivatives and structurally-related congeners. Results: The in vitro antifusarial activity of gentamicin B1 (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 0.4 μg/mL) and structurally-related compounds (MIC 0.8–12.5 μg/mL) suggests that the purpuroseamine ring substituents are responsible for the specific antimycotic effect. The functional groups of the garoseamine and 2-deoxystreptamine rings of gentamicin derivatives are identical in gentamicin compounds and are unlikely to exert a significant antifungal effect. Among soil dermatophytes, Microsporum gypseum was more susceptible to gentamicin B1 (MIC 3.1 µg/mL) than Trichophyton gypseum (MIC 25 µg/mL). The in vitro antifungal effect of gentamicin B1 against plant pathogenic fungi was comparable to primary antifungal agents. Conclusion: Gentamicin is already in medical use. In vitro and preclinical in vivo synergisms of gentamicin B1 with amphotericin B suggest immediate clinical trials starting with subtoxic doses.

scholarly journals Genetic changes and growth promotion of glioblastoma by magnetic nanoparticles and a magnetic field

Nanomedicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Hyun Yang ◽  
Byeunghoon Kang ◽  
Yuna Choi ◽  
Hyun Wook Rho ◽  
Hye Young Son ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
External Magnetic Field ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Glioblastoma Cells

Aim: To confirm the biological effects of manganese ferrite magnetic nanoparticles (MFMNPs) and an external magnetic field on glioblastoma cells. Methods: U-87MG glioblastoma cells were prepared, into which the uptake of MFMNPs was high. The cells were then exposed to an external magnetic field using a neodymium magnet in vitro and in vivo. Results: LRP6 and TCF7 mRNA levels involved in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were elevated by the influence of MFMNPs and the external magnetic field. MFMNPs and the external magnetic field also accelerated tumor growth by approximately 7 days and decreased survival rates in animal experiments. Conclusion: When MFMNPs and an external magnetic field are applied for a long time on glioblastoma cells, mRNA expression related to Wnt/β-catenin signaling is increased and tumor growth is promoted.

The role of aromatic microbial metabolites

2018 ◽  
pp. 97-108
Author(s):  
Н.В. Белобородова ◽  
В.В. Мороз ◽  
А.Ю. Бедова
Keyword(s):  
Process Integration ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Microbial Metabolites ◽  
Blood Concentrations

Интеграция метаболизма макроорганизма и его микробиоты, обеспечивающая в норме симбиоз и саногенез, нарушается при заболеваниях, травме, критическом состоянии, и вектор взаимодействия может изменяться в пользу прокариотов по принципу «метаболиты бактерий - против хозяина». Анализ литературы показал, что, с одной стороны, имеется живой интерес к ароматическим микробным метаболитам, с другой - отсутствует четкое представление об их роли в организме человека. Публикации, касающиеся ряда ароматических микробных метаболитов (фенилкарбоновых кислот, ФКК), как правило, не связаны между собой по тематике и направлены на решение тех или иных прикладных задач в разных областях биологии и медицины. Цель обзора - анализ информации о происхождении, биологических эффектах ФКК в экспериментах in vitro и in vivo , и клинических наблюдениях. Обобщая результаты приведенных в обзоре исследований на клеточном, субклеточном и молекулярном уровнях, логично предположить участие ароматических микробных метаболитов в патогенезе полиорганной недостаточности при сепсисе. Наиболее перспективным для раскрытия роли ароматических микробных метаболитов представляется изучение механизмов вторичной почечной недостаточности и септической энцефалопатии. Важным направлением для будущих исследований является изучение влияния продуктов микробной биодеградации ароматических соединений на развитие диссеминированного внутрисосудистого свертывания крови, артериальной гипотензии и септического шока. Результаты дальнейших исследований будут иметь не только фундаментальное значение, но и обогатят практическую медицину новыми диагностическими и лечебными технологиями. Significant increases in blood concentrations of some aromatic metabolites (phenylcarboxylic acids, PhCAs) in patients with sepsis have been previously shown. Enhanced bacterial biodegradation of aromatic compounds has been demonstrated to considerably contribute to this process. Integration of macroorganism metabolism and its microbiota, which provides normal symbiosis and sanogenesis, is disturbed in diseases, trauma, and critical conditions. Direction of this interaction may change in favor of prokaryotes according to the principle, “bacterial metabolites are against the host”. Analysis of literature showed a particular interest of many investigators to aromatic microbial metabolites. However, there is no clear understanding of their role in the human body. Publications on PhCAs are generally not thematically interrelated and usually focus on solving applied tasks in different fields of biology and medicine. The aim of this work was to consolidate existing information about origin and biological effects of PhCAs in in vitro / in vivo experiments and some clinical findings. The presented summary of reported data from studies performed at cellular, sub-cellular, and molecular levels suggests participation of aromatic microbial metabolites in the pathogenesis of multiple organ failure in sepsis. Studying mechanisms of secondary renal failure and septic encephalopathy is most promising for discovering the function of aromatic microbial metabolites. Effects of microbial biodegradation products of aromatic substances on development of disseminated intravascular coagulation, hypotension, and septic shock are an important challenge for future studies. Results of further investigations will be not only fundamental, but will also enrich medical practice with new diagnostic and therapeutic technologies.

Antioxidant Activity, Phenolic Content and Hematoprotective Effects of Cleome arabica Polyphenolic Leaf Extract

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Tigrine ◽  
A. Kameli
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Hematological Toxicity ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Ferrous Ions ◽  
Polyphenolic Extract ◽  
Cleome Arabica

In this study a polyphenolic extract from Cleome arabica leaves (CALE) was investigated for its antioxidant activity in vitro using DPPH•, metal chelating and reducing power methods and for its protective effects against AraC-induced hematological toxicity in vivo using Balb C mice. Results indicated that CALE exhibited a strong and dose-dependent scavenging activity against the DPPH• free radical (IC50 = 4.88 μg/ml) and a high reducing power activity (EC50 = 4.85 μg/ml). Furthermore, it showed a good chelating effects against ferrous ions (IC50 = 377.75 μg/ml). The analysis of blood showed that subcutaneous injection of AraC (50 mg/kg) to mice during three consecutive days caused a significant myelosupression (P < 0.05). The combination of CALE and AraC protected blood cells from a veritable toxicity. Where, the number of the red cells, the amount of hemoglobin and the percentage of the hematocrite were significantly high. On the other hand, AraC cause an elevation of body temperature (39 °C) in mice. However, the temperature of the group treated with CALE and AraC remained normal and did not exceed 37.5 °C. The observed biological effects of CALE, in vitro as well as in vivo, could be due to the high polyphenol and flavonoid contents. In addition, the antioxidant activity of CALE suggested to be responsible for its hematoprotective effect.

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Lectin Exhibit Inhibition of ACE-I, α-amylase and α-glucosidase Activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 494-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameer Suresh Bhagyawant ◽  
Dakshita Tanaji Narvekar ◽  
Neha Gupta ◽  
Amita Bhadkaria ◽  
Ajay Kumar Gautam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Carbohydrate Binding ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Chickpea Lectin

Background: Diabetes and hypertension are the major health concern and alleged to be of epidemic proportions. This has made it a numero uno subject at various levels of investigation. Glucosidase inhibitor provides the reasonable option in treatment of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) as it specifically targets post prandial hyperglycemia. The Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) plays an important role in hypertension. Therefore, inhibition of ACE in treatment of elevated blood pressure attracts special interest of the scientific community. Chickpea is a food legume and seeds contain carbohydrate binding protein- a lectin. Some of the biological properties of this lectin hitherto been elucidated. Methods: Purified by ion exchange chromatography, chickpea lectin was tested for its in vitro antioxidant, ACE-I inhibitory and anti-diabetic characteristic. Results: Lectin shows a characteristic improvement over the synthetic drugs like acarbose (oral anti-diabetic drug) and captopril (standard antihypertensive drug) when, their IC50 values are compared. Lectin significantly inhibited α-glucosidase and α-amylase in a concentration dependent manner with IC50 values of 85.41 ± 1.21 ҝg/ml and 65.05 ± 1.2 µg/ml compared to acarbose having IC50 70.20 ± 0.47 value of µg/ml and 50.52 ± 1.01 µg/ml respectively. β-Carotene bleaching assay showed antioxidant activity of lectin (72.3%) to be as active as Butylated Hydroxylanisole (BHA). In addition, lectin demonstrated inhibition against ACE-I with IC50 value of 57.43 ± 1.20 µg/ml compared to captopril. Conclusion: Lectin demonstrated its antioxidant character, ACE-I inhibition and significantly inhibitory for α-glucosidase and α-amylase seems to qualify as an anti-hyperglycemic therapeutic molecule. The biological effects of chickpea lectin display potential for reducing the parameters of medically debilitating conditions. These characteristics however needs to be established under in vivo systems too viz. animals through to humans.

Pleiotropic Effect of Mahanine and Girinimbine Analogs: Anticancer Mechanism and its Therapeutic Versatility

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 1983-1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Lenin Maruthanila ◽  
Ramakrishnan Elancheran ◽  
Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkar ◽  
Senthamaraikannan Kabilan ◽  
Jibon Kotoky
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Pleiotropic Effect ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Chemopreventive Agents ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anticancer Mechanism ◽  
Metastasis Development

Emerging evidence present credible support in favour of the potential role of mahanine and girinimbine. Non-toxic herbal carbazole alkaloids occur in the edible part of Murraya koenigii, Micromelum minutum, M. zeylanicum, and M. euchrestiolia. Mahanine and girinimbine are the major potent compounds from these species. In fact, they interfered with tumour expansion and metastasis development through down-regulation of apoptotic and antiapoptotic protein, also involved in the stimulation of cell cycle arrest. Consequently, these compounds were well proven for the in-vitro and in vivo evaluation that could be developed as novel agents either alone or as an adjuvant to conventional therapeutics. Therefore, mahanine and girinimbine analogs have the potential to be the promising chemopreventive agents for the tumour recurrence and the treatment of human malignancies. In this review, an updated wide-range of pleiotropic anticancer and biological effects induction by mahanine and girinimbine against cancer cells were deeply summarized.

Associated microflora of medicinal ferns: biotechnological potentials and possible applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 4927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubhi Srivastava ◽  
Paul A. K.
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Plant associated microorganisms that colonize the upper and internal tissues of roots, stems, leaves and flowers of healthy plants without causing any visible harmful or negative effect on their host. Diversity of microbes have been extensively studied in a wide variety of vascular plants and shown to promote plant establishment, growth and development and impart resistance against pathogenic infections. Ferns and their associated microbes have also attracted the attention of the scientific communities as sources of novel bioactive secondary metabolites. The ferns and fern alleles, which are well adapted to diverse environmental conditions, produce various secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, phenols, triterpenoid compounds, variety of amino acids and fatty acids along with some unique metabolites as adaptive features and are traditionally used for human health and medicine. In this review attention has been focused to prepare a comprehensive account of ethnomedicinal properties of some common ferns and fern alleles. Association of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere, phyllosphere and endosphere of these medicinally important ferns and their interaction with the host plant has been emphasized keeping in view their possible biotechnological potentials and applications. The processes of host-microbe interaction leading to establishment and colonization of endophytes are less-well characterized in comparison to rhizospheric and phyllospheric microflora. However, the endophytes are possessing same characteristics as rhizospheric and phyllospheric to stimulate the in vivo synthesis as well as in vitro production of secondary metabolites with a wide range of biological activities such as plant growth promotion by production of phytohormones, siderophores, fixation of nitrogen, and phosphate solubilization. Synthesis of pharmaceutically important products such as anticancer compounds, antioxidants, antimicrobials, antiviral substances and hydrolytic enzymes could be some of the promising areas of research and commercial exploitation.

In Vitro Toxicology Methods in Risk Assessment

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-331
Author(s):  
Iain F. H. Purchase
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
In Vitro Methods ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Vitro Test

The title of this paper is challenging, because the question of how in vitro methods and results contribute to human health risk assessment is rarely considered. The process of risk assessment usually begins with hazard assessment, which provides a description of the inherent toxicological properties of the chemical. The next step is to assess the relevance of this to humans, i.e. the human hazard assessment. Finally, information on exposure is examined, and risk can then be assessed. In vitro methods have a limited, but important, role to play in risk assessment. The results can be used for classification and labelling; these are methods of controlling exposure, analogous to risk assessment, but without considering exposure. The Ames Salmonella test is the only in vitro method which is incorporated into regulations and used widely. Data from this test can, at best, lead to classification of a chemical with regard to genotoxicity, but cannot be used for classification and labelling on their own. Several in vitro test systems which assess the topical irritancy and corrosivity of chemicals have been reasonably well validated, and the results from these tests can be used for classification. The future development of in vitro methods is likely to be slow, as it depends on the development of new concepts and ideas. The in vivo methods which currently have reasonably developed in vitro alternatives will be the easiest to replace. The remaining in vivo methods, which provide toxicological information from repeated chronic dosing, with varied endpoints and by mechanisms which are not understood, will be more difficult to replace.

Animal Models and Alternatives in the Quality Control of Vaccines: Are In Vitro Methods or In Vivo Methods the Scientific Equivalent of the Emperor's New Clothes?

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-73
Author(s):  
Coenraad Hendriksen ◽  
Johan van der Gun
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines ◽  
Vitro Test

In the quality control of vaccine batches, the potency testing of inactivated vaccines is one of the areas requiring very large numbers of animals, which usually suffer significant distress as a result of the experimental procedures employed. This article deals with the potency testing of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, two vaccines which are used extensively throughout the world. The relevance of the potency test prescribed by the European Pharmacopoeia monographs is questioned. The validity of the potency test as a model for the human response, the ability of the test to be standardised, and the relevance of the test in relation to the quality of the product are discussed. It is concluded that the potency test has only limited predictive value for the antitoxin responses to be expected in recipients of these toxoids. An alternative approach for estimating the potency of toxoid batches is discussed, in which a distinction is made between estimation of the immunogenic potency of the first few batches obtained from a seed lot and monitoring the consistency of the quality of subsequent batches. The use of animals is limited to the first few batches. Monitoring the consistency of the quality of subsequent batches is based on in vitro test methods. Factors which hamper the introduction and acceptance of the alternative approach are considered. Finally, proposals are made for replacement, reduction and/or refinement (the Three Rs) in the use of animals in the routine potency testing of toxoids.

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