scholarly journals New extraction process for recovery of metals in glass deposits

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seshadri Seetharaman ◽  
Olle Grinder
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Ternary Eutectic ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Salt Bath ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Salt Extraction ◽  
Salt Melt

A new process, named salt extraction process, has been developed to enable recovery of metal values from secondary sources e.g. scrap and waste materials such as slag and flue dust. It is also feasible in extracting metals from certain ores that normally are difficult to enrich and process by traditional metallurgy – two examples are nickel and cobalt. The salt extraction process has also been applied in the recovery of metals from silicates including lead from glass wastes.The process is based on the extraction of metal values from the raw materials into a molten salt bath consisting of NaCl, LiCl, and KCl corresponding to the ternary eutectic composition and with AlCl3 dissolved in the salt melt acting as the chlorinating agent. This is followed by the electrolysis of the salt bath in the same reactor. The normal processing temperature is in the range 973 K (700 °C) to 1173 K (900 °C). The aluminium chloride in the salt bath reacts with the metals in the fine comminuted raw material and metal ions are formed in the chloride bath. During the electrolysis, the metal ions reach the solid cathode and get deposited in metallic form. Liquid aluminium is used as the anode. Chlorine gas formed at the anode reacts with aluminium forming aluminium chloride in situ, which gets dissolved in the salt melt supplying the required amount of the flux.The salt extraction process has been used successfully in the extraction of Cr and Fe from electric arc furnace (EAF) silicate slag. Experiments have also been carried out in which lead has been recovered with high yield from spent cathode ray tubes. The process was shown to be successful in the extraction of the rare-earth metals neodymium and dysprosium from permanent magnet scrap. The method is a highly promising process route for the recovery of strategic metals. It also has the added important advantage of being environment-friendly, with only small amount recyclable, potentially useful rest products like alumina and silica as with limited energy consumption.

scholarly journals The study of patterns of influence of alkali treatment on properties of organosolvent cellulose from straw of rice

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.В. Вураско ◽  
Е.И. Симонова ◽  
А.Р. Минакова ◽  
Д.Д. Манойлович
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Color Determination ◽  
Visual Color

Получение доступных сорбентов на основе природных материалов, для визуального колористического определения содержания ионов металлов в загрязненных природных и сточных водах является актуальным направлением исследований. Сорбенты на основе технической целлюлозы удовлетворяют этим требованиям. В работе для получения технической целлюлозы предложено использовать биомассу соломы риса. Для удаления из соломы риса минерального компонента при проведении окислительно-органосольвентной варки используют стадию щелочной обработки, которая приводит к деструкции полисахаридов, снижая выход технической целлюлозы. В связи с этим целью работы является изучение закономерностей проведения щелочной обработки соломы риса для максимального сохранения высокого выхода технической целлюлозы, извлечения минеральной части и возможности применения данной целлюлозы в качестве колористического сорбента. С учетом предварительных исследований найдены оптимальные значения технологических факторов, обеспечивающих высокий выход волокнистого материала из соломы риса при минимальном содержании в нем минеральных компонентов. Последующая органосольвентная варка позволяет получить техническую целлюлозу с выходом – 48,8% от абсолютно сухого сырья (а.с.с), зольностью 0,05% от а.с.с., содержанием лигнина 2,5% от а.с.с., удовлетворительными прочностными характеристиками, высокими сорбционными свойствами, необходимой белизной и рН водной вытяжки. Выявлено, что техническая целлюлоза из соломы риса содержит металлы, накопленные биомассой за вегетативный период. Щелочная обработка и окислительно-органосольвентная делигнификация в большинстве случаев приводят к снижению концентрации металлов в технической целлюлозе. Исключение составляют алюминий, железо и свинец, содержание которых в технической целлюлозе увеличивается. Таким образом, целлюлоза, полученная в оптимальных условиях щелочной обработки и последующей окислительно-органосольвентной варки из соломы риса, с учетом содержащихся в ней металлов, пригодна для использования в качестве сорбента для визуального колористического определения содержания ионов металлов в загрязненных природных и сточных водах. Receive available sorbents based on natural materials for visual color determination of the content of metal ions in contaminated natural and waste waters is a topical area of research. Sorbents on the basis of technical cellulose satisfy these requirements. In the process of obtaining technical cellulose is proposed to use biomass straw rice. Removal of straw rice mineral component when carrying out the oxidation-organosolvent use the cooking stage alkali treatment, which leads to degradation of polysaccharides, reducing the output of technical cellulose. In this regard, the aim of this work is to study the regularities of the alkaline treatment of rice straw for maximum preservation of the high output technical cellulose, extracting the mineral and the possibility of using the cellulose as the colour of the sorbent. Taking into account the preliminary studies, optimal conditions of technological factors were found ensuring a high yield of fibrous material from rice straw with a minimum content of mineral components in it. Subsequent organosolvent pulping yields technical pulp with a yield of 48.8% bone dry raw material (BDRM), an mineral ash content of 0.05% of BDRM, a lignin content of 2.5% of BDRM, satisfactory strength properties, high sorption properties, the necessary whiteness and pH of aqueous extract. It is revealed that the technical cellulose from straw of rice contains metals accumulated biomass during the vegetation period. Alkaline treatment and oxidative-organosolvent the delignification in most cases leads to a decrease of metal concentrations in pulp technical. With the exception of aluminum, iron and lead, the content of which is technical cellulose increases. Thus, cellulose obtained in optimum conditions of alkaline treatment and subsequent oxidation-organosolvent pulping of straw of rice, taking into account the contained metals suitable for use as a sorbent for visual color determination of the content of metal ions in polluted natural and sewage waters.

Elaboration of novel adsorbent from Moroccan oil shale using Plackett–Burman design

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Oil Shale ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Experimental Data Processing ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Maximal Capacity

The new adsorbents were prepared from Moroccan oil shale by chemical and physical process .In this study, experimental Plackett-Burman has been used as a screening method to study six factors for the development of materials to adsorbent basis of oil shale Moroccan. The factors have been identified by two levels, To Know temperature (°C), Processing time (min), mass ratio (m precursor/m acid), Pretreatment mixture the precursor with acid, origin of the raw material and type of the activating agent (H2SO4, H3PO4).And it was chosen as a response The maximum quantity of adsorption of the molecule of Methylene blue (Qads in mg/g) and the specific surface measure by the method bet (Sbet in m2/g), The predicted values were in agreement with the experimental values with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.98. The model has been validated by experiments subsequent to optimized conditions. The experimental data processing by software JMP 7 showed that the processing temperature The report of oil shale on the acid and activation time were the important effect on the maximal capacity of adsorption of methylene blue. The sample prepared at 237 °C during 215 min with pre-processing has a maximal capacity of adsorption equal to 54mg/g according to model of adsorption of Langmuir and SBET equal to 143 m2/g.

Efficient trace-scale extraction method of reactor produced 199Au adequate for nuclear medicine applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed F. Attallah ◽  
Ahmed M. Shahr El-Din ◽  
Mohamed A. Gizawy ◽  
Amal M. I. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Selective Extraction ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Recovery ◽  
Rapid Separation ◽  
Efficient Separation ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Cyanex 302 ◽  
Cyanex 923

Abstract Production of no carrier-added (NCA) 199Au through natPt(n, γ) reaction and subsequent purification using liquid-liquid extraction from other radioisotopes is studied in the context of theranostic application. Comparative separation of NCA 199Au after dissolution of activated Pt target using three Cyanex compounds (Cyanex-272, Cyanex-302 and Cyanex-923) is evaluated. The extraction process is optimized in terms of the type of extractant, the concentration of extractant, extraction time and aqueous media (HNO3, NH4OH). Among these extractants, the Cynaex-923 is efficient and promising for rapid separation and production of NCA 199Au from HNO3 by high extraction %. Selective extraction of 199Au from other Pt and Ir radioisotopes is observed. High recovery of 199Au was obtained in the case of Cyanex-923 using 0.05 M thiourea dissolved in HCl or 2 M NaOH. Our results find the Cyanex-923 as a promising extractant for efficient separation of 199Au from irradiated Pt target with high yield (99%).

Removal of Cd(II) from Water System Using Novel Biosorbent Derived from Persimmon Fallen Leaves

2015 ◽  
Vol 1130 ◽  
pp. 685-688
Author(s):  
Rui Yi Fan ◽  
Qing Ping Yi ◽  
Qing Lin Zhang ◽  
Zheng Rong Luo
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Water System ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Diospyros Kaki ◽  
Cadmium Metal ◽  
Fallen Leaves ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

A biosorbent was prepared by treating the persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) fallen leaves with sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The NaOH concentration and stirring period for the preparation of the biosorbent were adjusted to optimise the Cd(I) adsorption capacity of the biosorbents. Removal of highly toxic Cadmium metal ions from water system using the optimal biosorbent named ‘NPFL’ was investigated using a mimic industrial column. The result showed that NPFL could remove Cd(II) in large quantities from aqueous solution with coexisting metal ions. The raw material, NPFL and Cd(II) loaded NPFL were characterized by SEM-EDS. The reusability of NPFL was also studied by batch adsorption-desorption test.

scholarly journals Soybean waste in particleboard production

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn Hoffmamm Martins ◽  
Alan Pereira Vilela ◽  
Rafael Farinassi Mendes ◽  
Lourival Marin Mendes ◽  
Lívia Elisabeth Vasconcellos de Siqueira Brandão Vaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Hybrid Eucalyptus

ABSTRACT Brazil is the second largest soybean producer in the world, with a yield of around 96.2 million tons per crop. This high yield leads to a great amount of waste resulting from soybean cultivation, which can reach approximately 41 million tons of waste per year. This material has lignocellulosic properties, which may enable its use as a raw material for particleboard production. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the use of soybean pods in particleboard production. For particleboard manufacture, wood of the hybrid Eucalyptus urophylla and Eucalyptus grandis was used, added with soybean pods, at proportions of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. For particleboard evaluation, a completely randomized design was used, with five treatments and three replicates, using linear regression and the Scott-Knott test at 5% significance for comparison among the different treatments. The properties apparent density, compaction ratio, water absorption after 2 and 24 hours, thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours in water immersion, internal bonding, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity in bending properties were evaluated. The ratio soybean pod waste and eucalyptus particles in the panels led to an increase in water absorption values and thickness swelling, in addition to a decrease in mechanical properties. The production of panels with approximately 23% soybean pods is feasible.

Effect of Metal Ions in Organic Synthesis; XVII. Mild, Easy, and High-Yield Conversion of Aldoximes into Nitriles under Copper(II) Acetate-Catalysis

Synthesis ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 1983 (09) ◽  
pp. 741-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orazio Attanasi ◽  
Pierangela Palma ◽  
Franco Serra-Zanetti
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
High Yield

Optimization of Microwave Extraction Process by Response Surface Methodology of Flavonoids from Tussilago farfara L.

2013 ◽  
Vol 763 ◽  
pp. 246-249
Author(s):  
Xiao Song ◽  
Peng Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Microwave Extraction ◽  
Water Solvent ◽  
Tussilago Farfara ◽  
Optimum Extraction

Flavonoids from Tussilago farfara L. was extracted with the assistance of microwave.Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize extraction time; microwave power and ratio of water to raw material to obtain a high flavonoids yield.The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: 73.3% ethanol-water solvent, time 16.25 min and ratio of solvent to raw material 36.2ml/g.The yield of flavonoids was 11.37% based on the above mentioned conditions.

scholarly journals Metabolic Engineering of Fungal Strains for Conversion of d-Galacturonate to meso-Galactarate

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Mojzita ◽  
Marilyn Wiebe ◽  
Satu Hilditch ◽  
Harry Boer ◽  
Merja Penttilä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Engineering ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Galacturonic Acid ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Hypocrea Jecorina ◽  
Bacterial Gene ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Reductive Pathway

ABSTRACT d-Galacturonic acid can be obtained by hydrolyzing pectin, which is an abundant and low value raw material. By means of metabolic engineering, we constructed fungal strains for the conversion of d-galacturonate to meso-galactarate (mucate). Galactarate has applications in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals and as a platform chemical. In fungi d-galacturonate is catabolized through a reductive pathway with a d-galacturonate reductase as the first enzyme. Deleting the corresponding gene in the fungi Hypocrea jecorina and Aspergillus niger resulted in strains unable to grow on d-galacturonate. The genes of the pathway for d-galacturonate catabolism were upregulated in the presence of d-galacturonate in A. niger, even when the gene for d-galacturonate reductase was deleted, indicating that d-galacturonate itself is an inducer for the pathway. A bacterial gene coding for a d-galacturonate dehydrogenase catalyzing the NAD-dependent oxidation of d-galacturonate to galactarate was introduced to both strains with disrupted d-galacturonate catabolism. Both strains converted d-galacturonate to galactarate. The resulting H. jecorina strain produced galactarate at high yield. The A. niger strain regained the ability to grow on d-galacturonate when the d-galacturonate dehydrogenase was introduced, suggesting that it has a pathway for galactarate catabolism.

scholarly journals Intensification of the extraction process of phenolic compounds from Acorus calamus leaves

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
Oleksiy Andryushayev ◽  
Olena Ruban ◽  
Yuliia Maslii ◽  
Inna Rusak
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Ultrasonic Action ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Method Of Extraction ◽  
Temperature Time

The aim. To determine the intensified method of extraction of phenolic compounds from Acorus calamus leaves and optimal conditions for the process. Materials and methods. In order to develop the optimal intensified method of extraction samples were prepared in different conditions of raw materials-extractant ratio, temperature, time and multiplicity. As a raw materials spectrophotometrically pre-standardized Acorus calamus leaves were used. The extraction was carried out in a hermetically sealed ultrasonic extraction reactor PEX 1 (REUS, Contes, France). As the criteria of extraction efficiency were indicators of dry residue and total amount of flavonoids determined using methods described in State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. The amount of flavonoids was determined spectrophotometrically on a certified device Specord 200 (Analytik Jena, Germany). Results. According to our research results it was found that ultrasonic action and addition of surfactant significantly improves the efficiency of the extraction process. The optimal conditions for the process were determined. Experimentally proved that the rational raw material-extractant ratio is 1:15. Comparative study of the extraction process with different temperatures showed that the highest amount of extractives is achieved at temperature 70 °C and 45 min of duration. The optimal extraction multiplicity is 3. Conclusions. As a result of the study, the intensified extraction method for Acorus calamus leaves – re-maceration with ultrasound – was established. The conducted researches allowed to develop the method of extraction, expedient in the conditions of the modern pharmaceutical industry.

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