scholarly journals Debt and Bondage Records of the Joseph-Volokolamsk Monastery as a Source for Studying Monastic Borrowers in the Middle of the Time of Troubles (1606–1609)

2019 ◽  
pp. 62-75
Author(s):  
Evgeniya Tseluykina
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Book Design ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Time Of Troubles

Introduction. To study the peasantry of the 16th – the early 17th century in Russia we need information from all the territories of the state. There are unique documents in the archives of the Joseph-Volokolamsk monastery for the central part of the Russian state, which allow us to investigate the issue of monastic enslavement. This issue has not been studied enough regarding the early 17th century. Methods and materials. Such a source as a borrowed monastic bondage is poorly studied in historiography. In this regard the aim of the article is to study the position of monastery borrowers according to the form of debt records of the early 17th century. There are objectives: to identify the elements of the form of bondage records that reflect the position of the borrowers; to consider changes in the position of borrowers based on the debt book form evolution. The article uses the methods of formal and comparative analysis with respect to records in debt books of 7115 (1606/07), 7116 (1607/08), the bondage book of 1609, and borrowed bondages of 1609. Analysis. The records of money issuance debt books of 1606/07 and 1607/08 were compared with the information from the debt book of 1532-1534. The author traced the evolution of debt charging book design elements based on the sources of 1606/07 and 1607/08. The paper analyzes borrowed bondages of besieged people on borrowed monastery bread in 1609, along with the bondage book of 1609. These results were compared with the bread bondages of the Spaso-Prilutsky monastery. Results. The form of debt records has been well developed by the early 17th century. According to money issuance and charge records, a borrower was protected from lender’s abuses. However, bread bondages most objectively reflect the position of a debtor, who was in danger of enslavement because of vague wording in bondages.

scholarly journals Cases of Peasants in the South of Russia in the 20s of the 17th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 162-171
Author(s):  
Denis Lyapin
Keyword(s):  
17Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Records Management ◽  
The South ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Southern Russia ◽  
Time Of Troubles ◽  
Legal Grounds

Introduction. Among the materials of the Belgorod Stol of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (RGADA), there is an extensive set of documents related to disputes over peasants who fled to the South of Russia from uyezds of other regions of the state. These are “cases of peasants” which were created in the 1620s. They are an important episode of the overall picture of the economic development of Southern Russia in the 17th century. These documents are of great interest for the study of the Russian peasantry. Methods. The author uses the problem-historical method and traditional methods of working with historical sources. The focus of the article is an attempt to comprehend this vast complex of records management materials. These important materials are connected with the peasant issue in uyezds of Southern Russia in the 1620s. The question is how peasants, who did not have freedom, could move to the South. Unfortunately, this topic was hardly a subject of study in historiography. However, historian Novoselsky showed the importance of studying “cases of peasants”. In the course of the article, the author shows that peasants did not have legal grounds for the resettlement to the southern outskirts. In the last two decades of the 16th century, peasants were attached to the land. This is a wellknown and proven fact. However, in the Time of Troubles, many peasant families fled to the South. It was a time of anarchy. In the 1620s, the flight of peasants continued and was numerous. This triggered the emergence of “cases of peasants”. The author has studied 58 cases of this kind. Results. The study of these documents shows that the governmental policy regarding the flight of peasants was not harsh. The state allowed the possibility of the flight of peasants. The authorities did not consider landowners who accepted fugitives to be lawbreakers. The rules prohibiting the transfer of peasants began to act only if a landowner found his peasant and filed a lawsuit about his return.

scholarly journals “Muscovy Crown” in Polish Kings’ Treasury, 17th–18th cent. (on the origins and fate of the regalia)

Slovene ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-114
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Lavrentyev
Keyword(s):  
17Th Century ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Detailed Survey ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Historical Writings ◽  
Time Of Troubles ◽  
Ivan The Terrible ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Made In

The paper concerns to the so-called “Muscovy crown” (“corona moscoviae”) of Polish kings that existed in the 17th century. This insignia emerged in Rzeczpospolita during the Russian Time of Troubles, having until then belonged to the Tsar's treasury in Moscow Kremlin. The adherents of False Dmitry I took it in 1606, upon which it turned up in possession of King Sigismund III and his heirs. It appears that the “Muscovy crown” was made in England for Tsar Ivan the Terrible as a symbol of the Astrakhan Khanate, which had been annexed by the Russian State in 1556. Contemporary evidence from various sources, including diplomatic ones, points to the possibility of the crown being delivered as a token of strengthening trade relations between Moscow and London, where the Moscow company was functioning in this period. The crown was not taken as a gift, it was bought for a large sum. The article includes a detailed survey of English, Polish and Russian sources, both primary and indirect, while looking into the mode of use of such insignia at the court of Russian Tsars and grand princes. The article also mentions, together with Monomach's cap and Kazan cap, both of which are now kept in the Moscow Kremlin, the now-lost first Siberian and Astrakhan caps, the latter of which is identified with the object of study. The crown is also compared to the Eastern and Western jewelry traditions of the time. The article is prefaced with a brief narration of the circumstances in which the insignia had got the name it was since called in Polish historical writings. The author concludes with a hypothesis on why this crown and other similar to it were commissioned from foreign jewelers. This question, however, demands further research, as does the character of the insignia's use at the court of Polish kings.

THE EVOLUTION OF THE POLITICAL STATUS OF THE KALMYK KHANA IN RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
ALEXANDER V. TSYURUMOV ◽  
◽  
ANDREY A. KURAPOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Autonomy ◽  
Political Status ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article is devoted to the study of one of the most important problems of modern historical science - the history of the formation of the Russian multinational state. Special attention is paid to the comparative analysis of the state and political statuses of the national autonomies of Russia - the Kalmyk Khanate and the Hetman's Ukraine. The statehood of the Kalmyk nomads arose after their entry into the Russian state in the first half of the 17th century. It is shown that the nature of the Russian-Kalmyk relations during this period makes it possible to define them as a protectorate of Russia over the Kalmyk uluses. The article examines the formation of the Russian-Kalmyk interaction, the evolution of the status, territorial framework and geopolitical position of the Kalmyk Khanate. At the beginning of the second quarter of the 18th century. After the Kazakhs of the Younger Zhuz migrated to Emba, the Kalmyk lands partially lost their border status and began to increasingly resemble the inner territory of the Russian Empire. A gradual transformation of political autonomy into administrative one begins. The article describes the main features of the autonomy of the Kalmyk Khanate in the period of the 17th - early 18th centuries: the preservation of the traditional administrative structure, the concentration of administrative, judicial, legislative and fiscal power in the hands of the secular elite, the inheritance of the supreme power in the Torgout dynasty. The paper determines that the new geopolitical status of the Kalmyk Khanate after the second quarter of the 17th century also changed the state policy in relation to it - the system of government of the khanate was unified, political independence was eliminated, the khanate was being integrated into the general imperial administrative and political system. The restrictive policy of Russia in relation to the Kalmyk Khanate, the government's interference in the hereditary question contributed to the beginning of the political fragmentation of the Khanate in the second half of the 20s - the first half of the 30s of the 18th century, political crises of the second half of the 18th century, and the crisis of 1771. The material presented in the article makes it possible to highlight general patterns in the political status of the Kalmyk Khanate and Ukraine in the 17-18th centuries.

scholarly journals Account books of the Moscow Print Yard (1622-1700): the origins of cost accounting in Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Marina I. Sidorova ◽  
Dmitry V. Nazarov
Keyword(s):  
Production Control ◽  
Cost Accounting ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Enterprise Management ◽  
The Political ◽  
Organizational Changes ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Activity Cost ◽  
And Control

This paper reports the results from the study of the account books (1622-1700) of the Moscow Print Yard, the largest Russian state manufactory in the 17th century. This case confirms the existence of sophisticated calculative techniques in pre-industrial societies and adds an argument in the debate about origins of the cost accounting. Management of the Russian state owned monopoly enterprise used the original cost technique not for efficiency reasons but only for pricing and control of material, labour and financial resources. We also investigate the influence of the organizational changes at the Moscow Print Yard on the evolution of its bookkeeping practice for eighty years. The cause of calculative practice development was intuitive reaction of enterprise management to changing political and economic circumstances. The methods of product costing, pricing, expense recognition and production control are examined within the political, economic, and social context of Russia at the time. The 17th century was the epoch of the formation of the Russian state and the awareness of the state power as the driver for governing of a public life. The paper argues that the political attitudes of the state determined the organizational changes at the state manufactory and transformation of traditional bookkeeping practice to the new type of administrative activity – cost accounting.

Inspired by Rubens: Antwerp Baroque Books Stored in the Russian State Library

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 648-656
Author(s):  
Tatiana A. Dolgodrova
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Book Design ◽  
Peter Paul Rubens ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Typical Appearance ◽  
State Library ◽  
Title Pages

The article is devoted to the history of Antwerp printed books, which, in the first half of the 17th century, underwent a profound transformation caused by the influence of the Baroque style emerging in the Netherlands, with its characteristic contrast, dynamism and intensity of images, and combination of reality and illusion. The author demonstrates the Baroque book development by the example of the sources that she first introduces into scientific circulation: books stored in the Research Department of Rare Books (Book Museum) of the Russian State Library (RSL). The article gives examples of the formation of a new allegorical thinking of the Baroque, in which allegory became the norm of artistic vocabulary. The new allegorical imagery is noted in the title pages and illustrations of books that characterize the printing of that period. The Antwerp printer Balthazar Moretus (1574—1641) was an excellent master of this new Baroque book. By using leading artists to design his books, he took an important step in the development of book design. There are well known publications by B. Moretus featuring beautiful title pages designed by his friend Peter Paul Rubens (1577—1640). The typical appearance of text sheets is also the result of the use of elegant fonts, rich design and abundance of decorative elements. The article analyzes the influence of Rubens on the Baroque book formation in Antwerp.

scholarly journals Belozersk Monasteries in Crisis Years (1570s – 1610s)

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-83
Author(s):  
Zoia Dmitrieva ◽  
◽  
Marina Rumynskaia ◽  
Tatiana Sazonova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
17Th Century ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Great Famine ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Time Of Troubles ◽  
Research Analysis

Introduction. The article examines the situation of the monasteries of the Belozersk region in the last quarter of the 16th century – the first decade of the 17th century: regional manifestation of crisis phenomena, the reasons for their occurrence, the degree of influence of individual factors (epidemic, famine, foreign invasion). Methods and materials. The topic is disclosed using the methods of historical research (analysis, synthesis, external and internal criticism of documents). The source base was made up of acts and monastic business books, including inventory of property. Analysis. In the last quarter of the 16th century – the first decade of the 17th century the Russian state was going through a deep crisis, which was observed in all aspects of the life of Russian society: political, dynastic, economic and social; it was intensified by the great famine of 1601–1603. During these years monasteries remained centers of economic stability, providing the brethren, servants, ministers and beggars with the necessary products and household items. In the years of famine, grain from the monastic granaries was “loaned” to the peasants for consumption and sowing. The devastation of the monastic economy and the physical destruction of the population began in the Time of Troubles. As a result, the authors came to the following conclusions: the crisis of the last quarter of the 16th century and the Great Famine of the early 17th century did not lead to degradation and disruption of the traditional way of life in the region; the destruction of Belozersk monasteries begins in 1612 and continues until 1618; only the Kirillov Monastery, headed by Abbot Matthew, was able to organize the defense and protect the fortress, preserving the Cyril’s heritage from the Polish-Cossack plunder.

scholarly journals Composition of Population of Tatar Settlement of Tobolsk according to the “Census Book of Tatar Yurts in River Irtyshu” (Second Half of 17th Century)

2020 ◽  
pp. 490-504
Author(s):  
Z. A. Tychinskikh ◽  
S. R. Muratova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The City ◽  
Main City

Based on the materials of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (RSAAA), questions of the ethnic composition of the main city of Siberia - Tobolsk in the XVII century are examined. Attention is paid to the characteristics of various groups of the urban Turkic population. A review of census books on Siberia of the 17th century is completed. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the “Census book of Tatar yurts in river Irtysh”, introduced by the authors into scientific circulation. The results of a comparative analysis of data from the census book of 1682 with other sources are presented. The question is raised about the features of the population formation of the Tatar settlement of Tobolsk. It is proved that the formation of the Tatar urban population included various categories of the Turkic population. A classification and characterization of such population groups of the city of Tobolsk as service Tatars, feudally dependent Tatars, and Bokharans are proposed. The novelty of the study is determined primarily by the lack of knowledge of the ethnic composition of Siberian cities, in particular, in the 17th century. The relevance of the study is due to the need to identify ways of forming the population of the Siberian capital.

“Historical and Cultural Traditions and Innovative Transformations of Russia. Educational Responsibility of Libraries”. International Research Conference “Rumyantsev Readings — 2009”

2009 ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Sergei M. Mironov ◽  
Vladimir B. Rushailo ◽  
Andrei E. Busygin
Keyword(s):  
International Research ◽  
The State ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Research Conference ◽  
Russian State ◽  
State Library ◽  
Regions Of Russia

The International research conference “Rumyantsev readings–2009” held on April 21-23, 2009 in the Russian state library was attended by over 290 people from various cities and regions of Russia and from the state-participants CIS. The theme of Conference of this year was “Historical and cultural traditions and innovative transformations of Russia. Educational responsibility of libraries”. The conference presented a unique book project on the occasion of the 300th anniversary of M.V. Lomonosov – “Lomonosovskaya Library”.

“Historical and Cultural Traditions and Innovative Transformations of Russia. Educational Responsibility of Libraries”: International Research Conference “Rumyantsev Readings — 2009”

2009 ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Valery P. Leonov ◽  
Tamara M. Gudima ◽  
Tamara I. Vilegzhanina
Keyword(s):  
International Research ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The State ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Research Conference ◽  
Digital Books ◽  
Russian State ◽  
State Library ◽  
Regions Of Russia

The International research conference “Rumyantsev readings— 2009” held on April 21—23, 2009 in the Russian State Library was attended by over 290 people from various cities and regions of Russia and from the state-participants CIS. The theme of Conference of this year was “Historical and cultural traditions and innovative transformations of Russia. Educational responsibility of libraries”. In the proceeding publication of materials of the Conference are presented the following themes: “On studying the connection between printed and digital books”, “The cultural potential of modern society and the possibility of its realization”, “Public Library of Ukraine in the information space”

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