scholarly journals Between Revolt and Loyalty: Students of the Austrian Empire in the 1848 Revolution

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-43
Author(s):  
Julija But
Keyword(s):  
Social Group ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Student Body ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Political Freedoms ◽  
The Government ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The University ◽  
1848 Revolution ◽  
Actual Participation

Introduction. As a social group with its specific features and motivation, students have been long characterized by their active involvement in social and political unrest. However, the behavioral analysis of students in different historical situations has become an independent research topic as late as in the 1960s. Numerous nuances of student activity remain for that reason unexplored. That is true of the process of student politicization and nationalization in the multi-ethnic Austrian empire during the tumultuous year of 1848. In literature, this issue is either pushed aside or based on an image of a radical “Austrian” student helping proletarians to fight against the regime on barricades. The latter is not relevant in view of the diversity of student sentiments and ideas that were present in the vast Habsburg hereditary lands. Methods and materials. This article analyzes students’ sympathies and actual participation in the rebellious events of 1848 considering the cases of two universities – that of the capital city of Vienna and the university of provincial Innsbruck. The study is based on students’ memoires, pamphlets, letters and newspapers of that time, as well as official documents and appeals by the government. Analysis. The analysis shows that Viennese students had an effective voice in revolutionary events, but their demands were of relatively moderate liberal character, while they largely remained loyal to the emperor. The revolutionary activity of provincial students was much more modest and peaceful than in Vienna. In case of Innsbruck, in particular, an image of a patriotic student fighting with arms for his emperor and fatherland replaced the image of a student fighting for political freedoms. Results. The participation of students in the revolutionary events of 1848 resulted in politicization of the “Austrian” student body and its consolidation as an independent social group.

Boutiques and Prêt-à-porter in Santiago de Chile: A Formula for Women’s Modernity (1967–1973)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josefina Vidal M ◽  
Macarena García O ◽  
Pedro Álvarez C
Keyword(s):  
Capital City ◽  
Military Dictatorship ◽  
Haute Couture ◽  
Collective Work ◽  
Santiago De Chile ◽  
Salvador Allende ◽  
Consumer Segment ◽  
The Government ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
New Formula

Abstract In the second half of the 1960s, prêt-à-porter (ready-to-wear) fashion was established in Chile. As an alternative to haute couture (high fashion), prêt-à-porter brought an eagerness for modernisation that was reflected in the setting up of a network of women-led boutiques, which developed strongly between 1967 and 1973. This article first examines the precedents that allowed for the creation of a ‘local fashion system’ that promoted collective work around trades such as knitting and dressmaking. It also analyses the arrangement of a circuit of boutiques in the comuna of Providencia, a strategic sector of Santiago de Chile (the capital city) that fostered the dynamics of social gathering. Later, the article describes the profile of the designer-entrepreneurs whose work was attuned to a female consumer segment that aimed to access a new formula of the modernising bourgeoisie. It also reassesses the rise of a movement called Moda Autóctona, which distanced itself from European fashion and was supported by the government during the socialist regime of Salvador Allende. Lastly, it tackles the eventual dismantling of this network of women’s fashion stores as a result of the installation of a military dictatorship in Chile.

scholarly journals Third generation universities: foreign experience and Russian practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 02009
Author(s):  
Anatoly S. Kislyakov ◽  
Tamara G. Chachua
Keyword(s):  
Regional Economy ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Educational Organization ◽  
Know How ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Research Objects ◽  
The Government ◽  
The University

The article analyzes the third generation universities and their main features according to the methodology developed by Johan Wissema. The world experience in building third generation universities can be based, according to the authors, on the three main models described in the present study, namely, the models used by Harvard, Cambridge, and the University of Ruse. The main purpose of the present study is to analyze the main advantages of third generation universities on the example of international and Russian practices. The universities, selected as research objects, not only show high results in international rankings and the scientific community but also have strategic importance for the development of their regions. However, the most important criterion remains the commercialization of know-how and the active involvement of the educational organization in the regional economy, which is demonstrated by all three universities selected for the analysis of global practices. Each of the presented models has its peculiar characteristics and can be adapted for forming the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation (Financial University) into a new third generation university that can be created taking into account the capabilities and available facilities and resources, as well as the scientific and educational-methodological base.

scholarly journals The Training and Disciplinary Identity of Linguists in Europe’s Long Nineteenth Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 150-173
Author(s):  
John E. Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Training Model ◽  
Doctoral Training ◽  
Old High German ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
Student Body ◽  
Disciplinary Identity ◽  
Ferdinand De Saussure ◽  
Senior Professor ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The University

In the mid-19th century, the great centers of philological and linguistic study in Europe were a handful of German universities that led the way in organizing doctoral training. In seminars guided by a senior professor, students presented papers on specialized topics and had them critiqued and queried. This chapter takes a close look at the nature of such training in Germany and France through the experience of one Leipzig doctoral student who went on to lecture in Paris and Geneva, Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913). The political and cultural relations between Germany and France in the two decades following the Franco-Prussian War and the annexation of Alsace and Lorraine colored and complicated the importation of the Germany doctoral training model in the various branches of the University of Paris, and not least in the section of the École Pratique des Hautes Études in which Saussure was hired to lecture on Gothic and Old High German, to a student body made up disproportionately of displaced Alsatians. So significant was Saussure’s impact on the institution that his teaching set the agenda for French doctoral training in linguistics and adjacent areas at least through the 1960s, and indeed across Europe and beyond – this despite the fact that he was never in a position to direct a single doctoral thesis himself. The chapter considers as well how the disciplinary identity of linguistics came to be formed in this period, and how it went on to develop over the ensuing decades.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Matthew Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Affirmative Action ◽  
Black Students ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
Student Body ◽  
College Leaders ◽  
Ann Arbor ◽  
Racial Inclusion ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The University

This introductory chapter provides an overview of how elite universities responded to black campus activists by making racial inclusion and inequality compatible, focusing on the University of Michigan (UM). Since the 1960s, UM has gained national recognition for its racial inclusion programs. University and college leaders from around the country began visiting Ann Arbor because they saw UM as a model of inclusion. For the same reason, opponents of affirmative action and racial sensitivity training targeted UM in op-eds, books, and lawsuits. Given UM's reputation, it was no surprise when the university found itself at the center of two of the most famous affirmative action lawsuits of the twenty-first century: Gratz v. Bollinger and Grutter v. Bollinger (2003). In the eyes of black students, however, UM has never represented a model of racial inclusion. Black students' share of the student body has never matched blacks' share of the state or national population, and the majority of black students have never reported satisfaction with the university's racial climate. Nevertheless, black students' critiques never stopped UM leaders from claiming that racial inclusion was one of the university's core values.

scholarly journals Uruguay—Getting Rid of Critics

1977 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-11
Author(s):  
Nissa Torrents
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
Military Coup ◽  
Cultural Genocide ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
The Government ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The University

Until the 1960s, Uruguay enjoyed a unique reputation in Latin America. In a continent renowned for its political instability, extremes of wealth and poverty and endemic violence, Uruguay was for many years an island of parliamentary democracy, with respect for civil liberties and human rights, advanced social welfare legislation and a high per capita income. In this atmosphere, intellectual and cultural life flourished, Uruguay was a haven for persecuted intellectuals from the rest of the continent, educational standards were high and the country boasted the lowest illiteracy rates in the continent. The weekly Marcha was widely regarded as the best of its kind in Latin America. This picture began to change in the sixties. Economic stagnation, a rising rate of inflation and rapidly declining living standards led to intensified social conflict and political tensions. Uruguay's traditional liberal values were gradually undermined as the state became increasingly more authoritarian. Under the government of Pacheco Areco (1968–71), press censorship was introduced, emergency powers came into almost continuous use, and cases of police brutality against students and striking workers became more and more frequent. The emergence of an urban guerrilla organisation, the Tupamaros, in the late 1960s increased this climate of repression. The civil/military coup of 1973 was thus a culmination of a long process. That year saw the closing of parliament, the banning of political parties and trade unions and military intervention in the university. The persecution of the opposition, whether liberal, democratic, conservative or socialist, has since involved the imprisonment, torture and forced exile of vast numbers of intellectuals, a process which has been described as ‘cultural genocide’. The following article briefly outlines what has taken place since the coup. It is accompanied by some short stories, written by Eduardo Galeano, who now lives in exile in Spain.

scholarly journals Presidential Address: Visions and Revisions: The View from the Presidents’ Offices of Ontario Universities Since the Second World War

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
H. Blair Neatby
Keyword(s):  
Liberal Arts ◽  
University Presidents ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
Liberal Arts College ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Government ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The University ◽  
Second World

Abstract Ontario universities have been transformed since the 1940s. University presidents have played a crucial role in shaping these changes. In the 1950s they defended the concept of the liberal arts college, partly because other options seemed too risky. In the 1960s the government provided the finances and the presidents, separately and jointly, responded to the diverse demands of governments, faculties, and students. By the 1970s, the institutions had adapted to expansion, to a shift in balance between teaching and research, and to an emerging provincial system without any major crises or characters. Since the 1970s the government's policy of financial constraint has dominated discussions, with related debates on accessibility and private sector research. The university presidents have not yet defined new goals which the government considers realistic.

Some aspects of the idea of unity V. Solovyov and the present

2000 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
O. O. Romanovsky
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
National Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
The Government ◽  
The University ◽  
Temporary Closure

In the second half of the nineteenth century, the nature of the national policy of Russia is significantly changing. After the events of 1863 in Poland (the Second Polish uprising), the government of Alexander II gradually abandoned the dominant idea of ​​anathematizing, whose essence is expressed in the domination of the principle of serving the state, the greatness of the empire. The tsar-reformer deliberately changes the policy of etatamism into the policy of state ethnocentrism. The manifestation of such a change is a ban on teaching in Polish (1869) and the temporary closure of the University of Warsaw. At the end of the 60s, the state's policy towards a five million Russian Jewry was radically revised. The process of abolition of restrictions on travel, education, place of residence initiated by Nicholas I, was provided reverse.

Native Americans and the Third World Strike at UC Berkeley

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
LaNada War Jack
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Third World ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Third World ◽  
The University

The author reflects on her personal experience as a Native American at UC Berkeley in the 1960s as well as on her activism and important leadership roles in the 1969 Third World Liberation Front student strike, which had as its goal the creation of an interdisciplinary Third World College at the university.

MAKING IT GREEN: THE FOOD PACKAGING PERCEPTIONS AND PRACTICES OF YOUNG CONSUMERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Norsyamira Shahrin ◽  
Rabiatul Adawiyah Abd Rahman ◽  
Noorliza Zainol ◽  
Noor Saliza Salmi ◽  
Mohd Faisal Abdul Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Food Handler ◽  
Polystyrene Foam ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Young Consumers ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
The Government ◽  
The University

Food handler still fails to play their part even when the government imposes “No Plastic Bag” campaign and a ban on polystyrene foam to pack foods. This research focuses on eco-friendly food packaging based on the perception and practice of young consumers, especially the undergraduates of Mara University of Technology Penang Campus (UiTMPP). Questionnaire was constructed and distributed to 315 respondents.  The collected data were analyzed with simple descriptive statistic of frequency, mean and standard deviation. Most of the respondents are aware on eco-friendlyfood packaging. They agreed that the university should propose some alternative to control and reduce non-biodegradable foods packaging. 

The Use of Multimedia and its Impact on Bangladeshi EFL Learners at Tertiary Level

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Farzana Sharmin Pamela Islam
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Academic Writing ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Tertiary Level ◽  
Language Classroom ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

As 21st century is the era of modern technologies with different aspects, it offers us to make the best use of them. After tape recorder and overhead projector (OHP), multimedia has become an important part of language classroom facilities for its unique and effective application in delivering and learning lesson. Although in many parts of Bangladesh, a South Asian developing country, where English enjoys the status of a foreign language, the use of multimedia in teaching and learning is viewed as a matter of luxury. However, nowadays the usefulness and the necessity of it are well recognized by the academics as well as the government. The study aims to focus on the difference between a traditional classroom void of multimedia and multimedia equipped classrooms at university level by explaining how multimedia support the students with enhanced opportunity to interact with diverse texts that give them more in-depth comprehension of the subject. It also focuses on audio-visual advantage of multimedia on the students’ English language learning. The study has followed a qualitative method to get an in-depth understanding of the impact of using multimedia in an English language classroom at tertiary level. For this purpose, the data have been collected from two different sources. Firstly, from students’ written response to  an open ended question as to their comparative experience of learning  lessons with and without multimedia facilities; and secondly, through  observation of English language classes at a private university of Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh. The discussion of the study is limited to  the use of multimedia in English language classroom using cartoons, images and music with a view to enhance students’ skills in academic writing, critical analysis of image and critical appreciation of music. For this purpose, cartoons in English language, images from Google and music from You Tube have got focused discussion in this paper.

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