scholarly journals AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. T. Ivashkin ◽  
A. F. Sheptulina ◽  
K. L. Raikhel'son ◽  
E. A. Losik ◽  
K. V. Ivashkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Clinical Investigations ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Small And Large Intestine ◽  
Marked Tendency

Autoimmune diseases of digestive system refer to pathological conditions, caused by autoimmune mechanisms, and their etiology remains unknown. This is a group of relatively rare diseases, however, during the last years a marked tendency towards the raise in incidence and prevalence is observed, which led to an increase in number of clinical investigations on etiology, pathogenesis, and, accordingly, development of new diagnostic methods and therapies. Results of such trials shown, for example, that the pathogenesis of chronic cholestatic liver diseases is associated with nuclear receptors function, while the main etiological and pathogenic factor of inflammatory bowel diseases represents gut microbiota. Despite new achievements in autoimmune diseases of digestive system research, therapies are low effective and are accompanied by a huge number of adverse events. The fact that these diseases may lead to malignant tumors is also worth noting. For example, patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis have a 160 times higher risk of cholangiocellular carcinoma, while 10–14% of patients with celiac disease may develop malignancies of esophagus, small and large intestine. Thus, these diseases require further investigation with a purpose of more accurate diagnostic methods for the detection of disease at early stages and new effective and safe therapies development. 

scholarly journals Small and Large Intestine (II): Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Short Bowel Syndrome, and Malignant Tumors of the Digestive Tract

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2325
Author(s):  
Yolanda Ber ◽  
Santiago García-Lopez ◽  
Carla J. Gargallo-Puyuelo ◽  
Fernando Gomollón
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Short Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Short Bowel ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Macro And Micronutrients ◽  
Enteral And Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

The small intestine is key in the digestion and absorption of macro and micronutrients. The large intestine is essential for the absorption of water, to allow adequate defecation, and to harbor intestinal microbiota, for which their nutritional role is as important as it is unknown. This article will describe the causes and consequences of malnutrition in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases, the importance of screening and replacement of micronutrient deficits, and the main indications for enteral and parenteral nutrition in these patients. We will also discuss the causes of short bowel syndrome, a complex entity due to anatomical or functional loss of part of the small bowel, which can cause insufficient absorption of liquid, electrolytes, and nutrients and lead to complex management. Finally, we will review the causes, consequences, and management of malnutrition in patients with malignant and benign digestive tumors, including neuroendocrine tumors (present not only in the intestine but also in the pancreas).

scholarly journals The diagnostic and prognostic value of serological markers of inflammatory bowel diseases (a literature review)

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 364-374
Author(s):  
D. А. Kuznetsova ◽  
S. V. Lapin ◽  
O. B. Shchukina
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Immunological Tolerance ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Serological Markers ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Risk Of Progression ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

The diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is based on a combination of clinical, endoscopic, histological, radiological and laboratory methods. However, conventional diagnostic methods are not always sufficiently informative in IBD, especially in the case of unclassified colitis, which necessitates the extension of standard diagnostic approaches. Currently, there is an actively search for non-invasive serological markers for early and differential diagnosis of IBD and for the assessment of activity and prognosis of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Among the most interesting serological markers are anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA), anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), goblet cells antibodies (GAB) and pancreatic autoantibodies (PAB). The aim of this review is to assess the diagnostic and prognostic significance of ASCA, ANCA, GAB, PAB in CD and UC. The paper presents the summary of the data on the role of ASCA, ANCA, GAB and PAB in abnormalities of the immunological tolerance mechanisms to intestinal microflora and intestinal permeability in IBD. We discuss the results of the studies on the associations of ASCA with a complicated CD phenotype, its response to genetically engineered biological therapies, and the need for surgical intervention. The article describes the data on the association of ANCA to the risk of progression of left-sided UC to widespread (total) colon lesions resistant to hormonal therapy, and that of antibodies to DNA-lactoferrin complexes and proteinase 3 to primary sclerosing cholangitis. It has been noted that PAB may be a prognostic marker for ileocolitis, perianal lesions, extraintestinal manifestations and complicated CD, and GAB a  predictor of total UC with chronic persistent course. It should be emphasized that combined determination of ASCA, ANCA, GAB and PAB is highly informative, compared to the isolated detection of autoantibodies, for the differential diagnosis and prognosis of CD and UC.

scholarly journals Hemorrhagic colitis syndrome in children: the etiological structure in the infectious diseases clinic

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
O. V. Molochkova ◽  
O. B. Kovalev ◽  
O. V. Shamsheva ◽  
A. A. Sakharova ◽  
N. V. Sokolova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Hemorrhagic Colitis ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Mesenteric Adenitis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

The range of differential diagnostic search in the development of hemorrhagic colitis (hemocolitis) is wide enough and includes infectious and non-infectious factors. Purpose: clinical, laboratory and etiological analysis of bacterial diarrhea occurring with hemorrhagic colitis in the infectious diseases department.Materials and methods: a retrospective study of 141 case histories of those hospitalized in the infectious diseases department of the2 Children's City Clinical Hospital No. 9 named after G.N. Speransky of Moscow in 2019—2021 patients with clinical picture of hemocolitis. Hemocolitis was determined on the basis of macroscopic and microscopic signs (in scatology — mucus, leukocytes, erythrocytes) signs. All patients underwent routine laboratory examinations. The etiology was verified using modern methods of laboratory diagnostics (bacteriological analysis of feces, Latex test, ICA, ELISA, PCR, IHR).Results. There were 137 patients with infectious hemocolitis. Inflammatory bowel disease was diagnosed in 3 children, anus fissure — in 1 child. Young children under 3 years of age prevailed (77%). The etiology of infectious hemocolitis was deciphered in 47 patients (34%). Salmonellosis (36%) and shigellosis (36%) prevailed. Campylobacteriosis, clostridiosis-dificile and klebsiellosis accounted for 11%, 9% and 6% of cases, respectively. Yersiniosis was detected in 1 child at the age of 5 months. The severe form was found in 5.8% of cases, in most cases with shigellosis. Symptoms of intoxication and febrile fever were expressed in all patients, vomiting — in 28.5%, abdominal pain — in 94%, mesenteric adenitis on ultrasound — in 15%, diarrhea with a frequency of more than 5 times a day — in 84%, dehydration — in 64%, intercurrent diseases (ARVI, pneumonia) — in 41.3% of cases. Inflammatory changes in infectious hemocolitis were manifested by an increase in C-reactive protein in 71% (23.91 ± 24.17 mg/l), leukocytosis — in 69% (11.58 ± 3.52 х103 / μl), thrombocytosis — in 26%, an increase in the relative number of stab neutrophils in the general blood test in 78% of cases (10.95 ± 0.4%).Conclusions. Differential diagnostic search in the development of hemocolitis should include modern diagnostic methods, if necessary, additional instrumental studies and specialist consultations to exclude inflammatory bowel diseases.

scholarly journals New Coronavirus Infection (COVID-19) and Digestive System

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. T. Ivashkin ◽  
A. A. Sheptulin ◽  
O. Yu. Zolnikova ◽  
A. V. Okhlobystin ◽  
E. A. Poluektova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive System ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Elevated Risk ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Transaminase Activity ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Bowel

Aim. The study reviews current evidence on digestive system lesions provoked by the new COVID-19 coronavirus infection.Key points. Alongside the destructive impact on respiratory system, COVID-19 manifests itself in gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea) that may precede respiratory signs and prevail in the clinical picture of infection. Patients with chronic inflammatory bowel diseases receiving immunosuppressive therapy are at elevated risk of severe COVID-19 progression. The new coronavirus infection may induce liver damage with increased transaminase activity.Conclusion. Association of digestive system lesions with COVID-19 remains understudied and requires further research.

scholarly journals Surgical strategy in massive colorectal bleeding

2004 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-92
Author(s):  
I. Bartha ◽  
T. Danya ◽  
A. Nemeth
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Surgical Strategy ◽  
Selective Angiography ◽  
Surgical Method ◽  
Common Experience ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Several pathologic disorders can become a sou-rce of severe gastrointestinal bleeding. The most frequently observed entities responsible for massi-ve colorectal bleeding are diverticulae, intestinal angiodysplasias, inflammatory bowel diseases and cancers. In order to choose the best - surgical - method to stop the hemorrhage and cure the disease; it is mandatory to properly identify the origin and location of the bleeding. It is a common experience that the usually advised diagnostic methods often yield disappointing results in urgent cases. The presented case shows that selective angiography can lead to the fastest diagnosis in angiodysplasia and with surgery a definitive result can be obtained.

scholarly journals Biological Activities of Lactose-Derived Prebiotics and Symbiotic with Probiotics on Gastrointestinal System

Medicina ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arijit Nath ◽  
Gokce Haktanirlar ◽  
Áron Varga ◽  
Máté András Molnár ◽  
Krisztina Albert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Gastrointestinal Health ◽  
Clinical Investigations ◽  
Osmotic Diarrhea ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Biochemical Mechanisms ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp

Lactose-derived prebiotics provide wide ranges of gastrointestinal comforts. In this review article, the probable biochemical mechanisms through which lactose-derived prebiotics offer positive gastrointestinal health are reported along with the up-to-date results of clinical investigations; this might be the first review article of its kind, to the best of our knowledge. Lactose-derived prebiotics have unique biological and functional values, and they are confirmed as ‘safe’ by the Food and Drug Administration federal agency. Medical practitioners frequently recommend them as therapeutics as a pure form or combined with dairy-based products (yoghurt, milk and infant formulas) or fruit juices. The biological activities of lactose-derived prebiotics are expressed in the presence of gut microflora, mainly probiotics (Lactobacillus spp. in the small intestine and Bifidobacterium spp. in the large intestine). Clinical investigations reveal that galacto-oligosaccharide reduces the risks of several types of diarrhea (traveler’s diarrhea, osmotic diarrhea and Clostridium difficile associated relapsing diarrhea). Lactulose and lactosucrose prevent inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis). Lactulose and lactitol reduce the risk of hepatic encephalopathy. Furthermore, lactulose, galacto-oligosaccharide and lactitol prevent constipation in individuals of all ages. It is expected that the present review article will receive great attention from medical practitioners and food technologists.

scholarly journals Perinatal risk factors for pediatric onset type 1 diabetes, autoimmune thyroiditis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and inflammatory bowel diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Räisänen ◽  
Heli Viljakainen ◽  
Catharina Sarkkola ◽  
Kaija-Leena Kolho
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Preterm Children ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

AbstractType 1 diabetes mellitus (DM), autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are common pediatric autoimmune diseases with unknown risk factors. Using nationwide registers, we searched for their perinatal risk factors. Our study followed up 11,407 children (born 2000–2005) for a median of 16.6 years (from birth to 2018). Of them, 2.15% received primary diagnosis and 0.08% also secondary: 0.89% had DM, 0.60% had AIT, 0.48% had JIA, and 0.25% had IBD. The incidences per 100,000 children/year were 106.1 for DM, 46.0 for AIT, 55.0 for JIA, and 23.7 for IBD. There were more preterm births (< 37 weeks) among children with studied autoimmune diseases compared with the rest of the cohort (8.6% vs. 5.3%, p = 0.035). Among those born preterm, children with studied autoimmune diseases received more postnatal antibiotics compared with other preterm children in the cohort (47.6% vs. 27.7%, p = 0.046). Children with IBD were born to older mothers compared with those without studied diagnoses (33.0 vs 30.2, p = 0.004).Conclusion: Preterm birth was a shared risk factor for autoimmune diseases in our study, especially when combined with postnatal antibiotic treatments. High maternal age was associated with IBD. What is Known:• Type 1 diabetes (DM), autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are common pediatric autoimmune diseases• It is unclear whether these diseases have shared risk factors, since there are no previous simultaneous epidemiological nor follow-up studies on them in one cohort  What is New:• Preterm births were more common in children with DM, AIT, JIA, or IBD compared with other children in the cohort, and preterm children who developed these diseases recieved more postnatal antibiotics compared with other preterm children• High maternal age was associated with IBD

scholarly journals Hydrogen sulfide, microbiota, and sulfur amino acid restriction diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Rui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Sulfur Amino Acid ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Endogenous Production ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Restriction Diet ◽  
Abnormal Metabolism ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
And Function

Abstract Eukaryotes and microbiota produce H2S, using the same substrates and enzymes which constitute the reverse-trans-sulfuration and transsulfuration pathways. The homeostasis of gut microbiota impacts on the structural and functional integrity of gut epithelial barrier. Microbiota also serve as signalling sources to inform the host of the metabolism and functional changes. Microbiota dysbiosis negatively affect human health, contributing to diseases like obesity, diabetes, inflammatory bowel diseases, and asthma. Not by coincidence, these pathological conditions are also closely related to the abnormal metabolism and function of H2S signalling.H2S serves as a bacterial signal to the host and the host-produced H2S impacts on the population and size of microbiota. These bi-directional interactions become especially important for the digestion and utilization of sulfur amino acid in diet. Dietary restriction of sulfur amino acid increases the endogenous production of H2S by the host and consequently offers many health benefits. It, on the other hand, decreases the nutritional supply to the microbiota, which could be remedied by the co-application of prebiotics and probiotics. It is strategically sound to target the expression of H2S-producing enzymes in different organs to slow aging processes in our body and promote better health.

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