scholarly journals Relationship between personal and socio-economic characteristics of the cashewnut growers and their adoption level

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 322-327
Author(s):  
S. S. Raykar ◽  
Y. S. Ekhande ◽  
S.C. Holkar ◽  
V. A. Palkar
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Annual Production ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The World ◽  
Exploratory Survey ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
Adoption Level ◽  
The Relationship

India is the largest producer of raw cashew in the world which ranks first in area under cashew (8, 55, 000 ha) with an annual production of 6.20 lakh MT. Nigeria ranks second in area under the cashewnut cultivation, but ranks first in cashewnut production with annual production of 6.36 lakh MT. In the year 2007-2008, India had exported 1,34,340 metrics tonnes of raw cashew valued Rs.11.97crore. The cashew production in Maharashtra is mainly concentrated in Konkan region particularly in Ratnagiri district. In Maharashtra, the area under cashew was 1.65lakh ha. In Ratnagiri, area under cashew was 88,612ha with production of 85,822 tonnes of cashewnuts. The exploratory survey research design was used for the present study. The study was conducted in Ratnagiri district of the Konkan region of Maharashtra state. Three tahsils namely, Khed and Dapoli were selected purposively on the basis of the maximum area under cashewnut cultivation. The main objective of this study is to study the relationship between personal and socio-economic characteristics of the cashewnut growers and their adoption level. It was observed during the study that, The relationship between selected characteristics of the cashew growers and adoption of recommended critical crop management practices for the cashew crop revealed that the characteristics namely age, family size, and number of bearing cashewnut trees were non-significantly related with the adoption level of critical crop management practices for the cashew crop. On the other hand, education, land holding, annual income, age of orchard, production from cashewnut tree, experience in cashew cultivation and market orientation were significantly related with adoption level. The present study was used as a multistage sampling procedure. Collected data were classified, tabulated and analyzed by using statistical methods like frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and Chi-square.

scholarly journals Adoption of Rice Post-Harvest Technologies Among Smallholder Farmers in Osun State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Banji Olalere Adisa ◽  
Michael Famakinwa ◽  
Kolawole Adelekan Adeloye
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Moderate Level ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Rice Milling ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level

SummaryThe study assessed adoption of rice post-harvest technologies among smallholder farmers in Osun State, Nigeria. Data were collected from 120 respondents through a structured interview schedule using a multistage sampling procedure. Percentages, means, Chi-square and correlation were used to analyse the data and draw inferences. The results show that about 52.5% of the respondents had favourable perception, while 47.5% had unfavourable perception towards adoption of the rice post-harvest technologies. Rice milling (mean=4.54) and harvesting matured panicles at the right time (mean=4.47) ranked highest among the adopted post-harvest technologies, while majority (65%) of the respondents adopted the rice post-harvest technologies at moderate level and 35% had high level of adoption. Inadequate capital (mean=1.75) and poor extension contacts (mean=1.67) were the major constraints associated with the adoption. Also, there was significant association between sex (χ2= 38.174), marital status (χ2=32.85) and adoption of the rice post-harvest technologies, while age (r=-0.531), household size (r=0.414) and the quantity of rice produced (r=0.345) had significant relationship with adoption of the post-harvest rice technologies. There was moderate level of adoption among the farmers. Financial institutions, governments and non-governmental organisations should provide functional credit facilities and government should employ more extension agents to promote adoption of high-quality enhancing post-harvest technologies for sustainable rice production in Nigeria.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Intrinsic Motivation and Academic Achievement of Male and Female Students at University Level in Pakistan: A Case Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 154-161
Author(s):  
Sadaf Tariq ◽  
Sumaera Mahmood . ◽  
Sarwat Mubeen .
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Personal Interest ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
University Level ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
The Relationship

Psychologists and educators believe motivation as a significant factor that has an effect on student learning and accomplishment. It is a general argument that suitable motivational orientations make learning easy while unsuitable ones obstruct it. Intrinsic motivation is a kind of motivation that approach from individual factors within a person rather than merely from some outside motives. Intrinsic motivation shows learners commitment in learning for its personal interest. In Pakistan, perhaps little research has yet been done in this field. The study was conducted to find the relationship between intrinsic motivation and academic achievement of students at university level in province Punjab, Pakistan. The main objectives of study were, to finds out profiles of students with respect to intrinsic motivation and academic achievement, to find out difference among male and female students on intrinsic motivation and academic achievement. The population of the study comprised of 600 male and female students studying in universities of Punjab, Pakistan. The sample consisted of 300 male and 300 female students of universities selected through multistage sampling procedure. In order to measure intrinsic motivation of students, an adapted version of Harter’s (1981) intrinsic motivation scale was used. Academic achievement of students was measured through their university results. The scores on each variable were calculated and summarized through mean and standard deviation scores. The significance of difference between mean scores of male and female and BA and B.Sc students on the study variables were calculated by t-test (two-tailed). The relationship between intrinsic motivation and academic achievement was computed by using Person ‘r’. The results of the study revealed no gender difference. Both male and female were found to be equal in intrinsic motivation and academic achievement.

scholarly journals The Impact of Better Management Practices (BMPs) Among Cotton Farmers in Punjab, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Liaqat Ali Khan ◽  
Zoia Arshad Awan ◽  
Asad Ullah Imran ◽  
Muhammad Saleem ◽  
Fawad Sufyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Financial Return ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Cotton Farmers ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
The Impact

Better management practices (BMPs) as a sustainable approach made it attractive for growers to control the provision of pollutants from agricultural activities as well as enhance the financial return. The experiments of cotton production were conducted in four different regions of Punjab in cotton-growing years 2017-2019. The objective of the study was to evaluate the potential impact of BMPs among cotton farmers by rationalizing the use of input resources (viz., seed, fertilizers, pesticides and water). The data were collected from randomly selected adopters of BMPs (n = 400) and non-adopters of BMPs (n = 100) through a well-structured pretested questionnaire using a multistage sampling procedure from four different regions of Punjab province. Descriptive analysis was employing an independent two-sample t-test to evaluate the significant effect of BMPs on the utilization of input resources and profitability of cotton production between adopters and non-adopters of BMPs. The results indicated that adopters of BMPs were efficiently used input resources (at p ≤ 0.001 & p ≤ 0.01) and significantly enhanced the average cotton yield (855.09 kg acre-1) in Punjab, while non-adopters of BMPs had a significantly high cost of production by 11% (35,655 PKR acre-1) and output was lower by 15% (751.70 kg acre-1) under conventional farming for cotton cultivation. The economic analysis revealed that the average gross income gained by adopters of BMPs was significantly high by 11% (72,648 PKR acre-1 at p ≤ 0.001) with the maximum net return of 36% (40,785 PKR acre-1 at p ≤ 0.001) as well as a good B:C (1.28) as compared to non-adopters of BMPs. This study provides useful information about the potential impact of BMPs among cotton farmers even without the extra use of inputs. It is concluded that precision in inputs and management practices with lower input costs can significantly improve cotton productivity leading to uplift the farmers’ profit.

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT (YCAD) PROGRAMME AMONG RURAL YOUTH IN EKITI STATE, NIGERIA

AGROFOR ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olajide Julius FILUSI ◽  
Julius Olatunde AYINDE
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Institutional Factor ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
Programme Effectiveness

The study described the socio-economic characteristics of the beneficiaries of the Youth Commercial Agricultural Development (YCAD) Programme in Ekiti State, Nigeria.Specifically, it identified type of enterprises in YCAD programme and isolated the factors influencing the effectiveness of the programme in the state. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select 174 beneficiaries/respondents for the study. A validated interview schedule was used to collect data which were summarised with percentages, means and standard deviation while chi-square and correlation were used to draw inferences. Also, factor analysis was used to isolate factors influencing the programme effectiveness. Results showed that the mean age of respondents was 37±5years, mean household size was 5±2 persons, mean year of formal education was 15±2 years and mean monthly income was ₦41,000±23,000. Results, also, showed that arable crop enterprises (47.7%) and poultry (27%) were the most preferred enterprises by the beneficiaries in the study area followed by tree crops enterprise (12.6%) and aquaculture (12.6%)respectively. In addition, five crucial factors such as Institutional factor (26.672%), Personnel factor (16.345%), Socio-economicfactor (10.626%), Experience factor (9.243%) and Constraints factor (7.506%) were isolated. Further results showed that household size (r = 0.224; p ≤ 0.01) and years of formal education (r = 0.211; p ≤ 0.01) had positive and significant relationship with effectiveness of the YCAD programme. It was concluded from the study that YCAD was highly effective in employment generation, provision of incentives and creation of market for agricultural produce among the beneficiaries.

scholarly journals A Study on the Epidemiology of Bovine Brucellosis in Punjab (India) Using Milk-ELISA

2008 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. K. Aulakh ◽  
P. K. Patil ◽  
S. Sharma ◽  
H. Kumar ◽  
V. Mahajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Zone ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Bovine Brucellosis ◽  
Sampling Frame ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Apparent Prevalence ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
Sampling Procedures

Bovine brucellosis, caused by Brucella abortus, is a serious zoonotic disease manifested by reproductive disorders resulting in huge economic losses to dairy farmers. A random survey was conducted to study the epidemiology of brucellosis in Punjab (India) using sampling software Survey toolbox. Two-stage sampling procedure was adopted; in the first step, villages were selected randomly from sampling frame of all the villages of Punjab followed by selection of owners, and animals in individual farms were identified using random sampling. In all, 32 villages were selected and then 345 animals (approximately 5%) were sampled from these villages. The milk samples collected were screened for brucella antibodies employing ELISA test. The overall apparent prevalence of brucellosis was found to be 18.26% (true prevalence - 17.68%). The prevalence in the central zone of the state was significantly higher, viz. 23.2% (chi square = 11.34, p < 0.01) compared to 14.2% in the sub-mountainous zone and 5.8% in the arid irrigated zone. The disease prevalence was found to be non-significantly higher (chi square 1.029, p = 0.310) in cattle (20.67%) compared to buffaloes (16.41%) and increased with age (chi square = 8.572, p < 0.05) in both species. There was significant association between disease and abortion (chi square = 22.322, p < 0.01) and maximum abortion cases due to brucellosis were found in > 6 month of gestation (95.7%). The disease was significantly associated with the retention of placenta (chi square = 8.477, p < 0.01), however there was no significant relationship of the disease with repeat breeding (chi square = 0.044, p = 0.834). The results of the study suggested that the accurate epidemiological scenario of the disease may be obtained by employing multistage sampling procedures using milk-based ELISA.

scholarly journals Nutritional Value and Utilization of Yams (Dioscorea steriscus) by Residents of Bindura Town High Density Suburbs, Zimbabwe

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Washaya ◽  
J. F. Mupangwa ◽  
E. Muranda
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Education Status ◽  
Multistage Sampling

The objective of this study was to assess utilization levels, availability, nutritional value, and magnitude of sales by vendors ofDioscorea steriscusby residents of Bindura. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select respondents. Data were subjected to Chi-square, logistic regression, and correlation to determine the effects of demographic determinants on utilization ofD. steriscus. Questionnaires were used to collect data. Results show that education status and period of stay significantly affect the consumption ofD. steriscus(P<0.05). It was also observed that consumption is frequent between lunch and supper (47%) compared to breakfast.D. steriscushas high iron (6.8%), ash (2.06%), and CF (16.8%) contents but it is low in protein (0.83%). Irrespective of gender of respondent, suburb of residence, size of family, period of stay, education level, employment status, and source of income, respondents will growD. steriscusfor use as food supplement (odds ratio = 0.475). The period of stay (r=0.08) and education level (r=0.08) positively affect the growing ofD. steriscus.D. steriscuscan be used as source of energy and can also be used possibly for medicinal purposes. Further study is required on possibility of phytochemicals and cytotoxic components to justify its use.

scholarly journals Knowledge and adoption of improved dairy management practices among women dairy farmers in Dindigul District of Tamil Nadu, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mariammal ◽  
M. Seethalakshmi ◽  
N. Narmatha
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Knowledge Level ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
New Born ◽  
Dairy Management ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
Time Of Feeding

A study was undertaken with the objective of assessing the knowledge and adoption of improved dairy management practices among women dairy farmers in Dindigul District of Tamil Nadu. Following multistage sampling procedure, 300 women dairy farmers involved in dairying were selected. The data were collected through a well structured schedule by personally interviewing the selected women dairy farmers. The study revealed that majority of the women dairy farmers had knowledge about time of feeding first colostrum to new born calves, dry period allowed for lactating pregnant animals, right time of insemination and the extent of adoption is also high. The overall knowledge level of women dairy farmers were found to be moderate (48.33 per cent) followed by good (27.34 per cent) and poor (24.33 per cent).

scholarly journals Game mechanics and aesthetics differences for tangible and intangible goods provided via social media

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-187
Author(s):  
Fortesa Haziri ◽  
Miloslava Chovancová ◽  
Faton Fetahu
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
End Users ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Game Mechanics ◽  
The World ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Game Environment ◽  
Game Elements ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Companies aspire to fulfil consumers’ needs, wants and desires by offering products and services. Due to globalization and digitization, the world became a small village by facilitating the obtainability of products/services across the globe. Furthermore, the online purchasing via social platforms mirrors the traditional purchasing process. Gamification, game techniques and elements have been employed in the different domain for engaging and motivating consumers, students, end-users in numerous countries and cultures. Gamification is considered the appliance of game techniques and game elements in the non-game environment. It’s been adjusted in different models founded as a need to explore and explain variables, phenomena and theories. Game mechanics as one of the game elements are applied in different disciplines to achieve better performance, fruitful collaboration, active and enthusiastic participation, creating enjoyable, pleasurable and entertaining environment. Aesthetics are described as the sensory part that game evoke within the player. To identify the differences within consumers who purchase via social media when game mechanics and aesthetics are applied, the chi-square test for independence has been employed. The results estimate that the association between products and services as variables is not statistically significant and the relationship between them is weak or moderated. The findings of this research are useful for private companies and other interested stakeholders.

scholarly journals Determinants of catfish farmers’ use of sustainable environmental management practices in Enugu State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chukwuone Nnaemeka Andegebe ◽  
Onyia Chukwuemeka Chiebonam ◽  
Aniokoh Chukwuebuka David
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Extension Agents ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Environmental Management Practices ◽  
Production Cycles ◽  
Enugu State ◽  
Multistage Sampling

The study assessed the use of sustainable environmental management practices (SEMP) by fish farmers in Enugu state, Nigeria. Seventy-five catfish farmers selected through multistage sampling procedure were used for the study. Data were obtained with the aid of a well-structured questionnaire. Analysis of data was done using descriptive statistics, probit regression model and factor analysis. Results showed that most of the catfish farmers did not apply SEMP as only 25.33% of them had a score of 50% and above regarding the application of SEMP. The number of years spent in school and being a male significantly increased the likelihood of using SEMP. In contrast, the likelihood of use of SEMP significantly reduced with an increase in the number of production cycles carried out by a fish farmer. The fish farmers' constraints were grouped as poor technical knowledge and feed issues, financial uncertainties, and water supply problems. Government should deliver training packages and provide information on SEMP to catfish farmers through different media, including extension agents, radio and television messages, handbills and billboards. Supporting the farmers with credit facilities through existing credit programmes would help reduce their challenges in applying SEMP.

scholarly journals Farmers’ Willingness to Cultivate Pro-vitamin-A Cassava Variety in Kwara State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 72-84
Author(s):  
Jelili Yusuf Olayinka ◽  
Yusuf Ambali Olatunji ◽  
Latifat Abdulrahman Ololade ◽  
Oluwafemi Lawal Oluwatosin ◽  
Ibrahim Folorunsho Ayanda
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Nutritional Education ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
High Knowledge ◽  
Female Farmers ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
Cassava Varieties

The study examined factors underlying farmers’ perception about pro-vitamin-A cassava varieties and their willingness to cultivate them in Kwara State, Nigeria. One hundred and twenty-two (122) cassava farmers, selected through a multistage sampling procedure, were used for the study. Data were collected through the use of interview schedule and analysed using percentages, mean and standard deviation. Chi-square, likelihood ratio and factor (principal component) analysis were used for inferential deduction. Results showed that about half (50.8%) of the respondents had high knowledge about the improved cassava variety and a vast majority (93.4%) expressed willingness to cultivate it. Sex (χ2 = 3.542) and knowledge level (χ2 = 15.732) had significant association with willingness to cultivate at p≤0.05, with female farmers found to be about 3 times more likely willing to cultivate than male. Also, farmers with more knowledge were found to be about 6 times more likely willing to cultivate pro-vitamin-A than those with little knowledge. Three crucial factors (‘ethno-based preference’, ‘culturally induced personal preference’ and ‘colour dislike’) were found to be associated with farmers’ perception about the cassava variety. Farmers in Kwara State were willing to cultivate the pro-vitamin-A cassava variety. Women and those who had more knowledge were more willing to cultivate the variety than men and those with little knowledge, respectively. Factors underlying farmers’ perception about the variety were linked to ethno-cultural background and dislike for yellow root cassava. The need for more female integration and increased nutritional education in the drive towards popularisation of pro-vitamin-A cassava variety are thus recommended. Key words: Pro-vitamin-A cassava, willingness to cultivate, nutritional education

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